NGHIEN CLfU TRAO 001 XAY D ^ VA TH^C H I | N CHINH SACH PHAT TRIEN GIAO DUC DAI HQC NGOAI CONG MiP 6 V I | T NAM r/is DANG THI MINH'''' uan dilm, tu tufing vl xa hfii hod I gido due ddo tao nhdm phdt tri[.]
NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO 001 XAY D ^ VA TH^C H I | N CHINH SACH PHAT TRIEN GIAO DUC DAI HQC NGOAI CONG MiP V I | T NAM r/is DANG THI MINH' uan dilm, tu tufing vl xa hfii hod I gido due ddo tao nhdm phdt triln J^cic loai binh gido due dai hgc ngoifftfing lip (GDDHNO.) o nirfic ta duge thl hien ro t i bit ddu ea ehl dfii mfii nam 1986 Vori quan dilm phdt triln sy nghiep gido due dio tao la trdch nhilm cia Dang, Nhi nufiic vi cia toan din, Nghj quylt Trung uong khod Vn di chinli thic de xudt chu truang x i hfii hod gido due nhim huy dflng cae ngufin lye xa hfii cho phdt trien gido due; thyc hifin da dang hod cic hinh thic dio tao, khang djnh ba loai hinh cia GDDHNtX dfi la; bin cfing, din lip vi tu thuc Nghj quylt Trung uong khoi VIU xdc djnh cdn phai tilp tuc phdt triln cdc trufing din lip fi tit ea eac bic hgc; timg budc phdt triln viing chic cdc trufing Ifip tu thuc fi gido due mdm non, phfi thfing trung hoc, trung hgc chuyfin nghifip, day nghe vd dai hoe Nhim khuyin khich cic thinh phdn kinh tl tham gia phdt triln sy nghiep gido due ddp ing nhu cdu hgc tip ngiy cing ting cua nhin din, Chinh phi ban hanh Nghj quylt sfi 90/NQ-CP ngiy 21/8/1997 vl phuong huomg vi chu truang xa bfii hod cac boat dfing gido due, y tl, vin bod tao nin tang eho vific dfii Nghi dinh sfi "/S /1999/ND-CP ngiy 19/8/1999 vl chinh sdch khuyin khich xa bfii hod vfii ede boat dfing ITnh vyc giao due, y tl, vin hoi, the thao Sau nim thyc hifin, thdng 4/2005, Chi'nh phu lai ban hdnh Nghi quyet sfi 05/2005/NQ-CP ve ddy manh xa AP CHi QUAN LY NHA NUOC - SO 196 (5-2012) bfii hod cdc boat dfing gido due, y tl, van hod vi thl due, thl thao nhim thfing nhdt hon nia vl nhdn thic vd ehi truong xa bfii hod, cfi eo cbl, chinh sdch cu thl, cfi giai phdp vi bufic di thich hgp Nfii dung cia Nghj quylt da xdc djnh cdn phdt triln manh cac eg sfi DHNCX vfii hai loai hinh din lip vi tu thuc; quyln sfi biu cia eac CO sfi DHNCL duge xdc djnh theo Bd ludt Ddn sif, tie'n toi khong tri loai binh dai hgc bdn cfing Mfii co sfi DHNCL diu cfi thl boat dfing theo eo ehl phi Igi nhuin hoic theo co cbl igi nhuin Nlu theo co chi phi loi nhuin tbi ngoii phdn duge dung dl bao dam Igi ich hgp ly cia cdc nhi ddu tu, phdn eon lai de tham gia thyc hien cdc chinh sdeh xi hfii cia Dang vi Nhi nude, trg giip ngufii ngheo, Igi nhuin chi ylu duge ding dl ddu tu phat trien Neu theo ca cbl Igi nhuin thl Igi nhuin cfi thl dugc chia cho cdc ed nhin vi phai chju thul Nhd nufic khuyin khich phdt trien cac trufing boat dfing theo co che khfing vi igi nhuin Nhing quan dilm, tu tufing cia Dang vi cdc chinh sach cua Nhi nufic la eg sfi quan trgng dl cic nha hoach djnh xiy dyng chinh sdch phdt triln GDDHNCX fl nufic ta Qua trinh xiy dung va thuc hien chinh sach phat trien GDSHNCL Cfi thl dilm lai qud trinh xiy dyng vi thyc bifin chinh sdch phat triln GIMJHNCL • Hgc vl0n Hdnh chinh 43 NGHIEN COU - TRAO DOI nufic ta nhu sau: GDDHNCL (bdn cfing, ddn Idp, tu Ihuc) fi nufic la dugc bit ddu t i cufi'i nim 1988 Co sfi DHNCL ddu tiln la Dai hgc Din lip (DUDL) Thing Long Sau nam thi dilm hoat dfing thinh cflng mfi hinh ndy, ngiy 21/01/1994, Bfl Gido due vd Dio tao ban hanh Quy ehe lam thfii theo Quylt djnh sfi 196/rCCB cia Bfi Irufing Bfi Gido due vi Dao lao Ben canh loai hinli DHDL, Nhi nufic cho phep thinh lip loai hinh Dai hgc Tu thuc (DHTT) Nim 1993, Thi lufing Chinh phi ban hdnh Quy ehl ddu liln vl DHTT theo Quyl't dinh sfi 240/QD-TTg 24/5/1993, dfi xdc djnh DHTT la CO sfi dao lao thufic he Ihfing dai hgc eua nufic Viet Nam, dit dufii sy qudn Ij nhi nufic cia Bfi Giao due va Dio tao Quy cbl ton lai, khfing bj buy bo, nhung sau nam - tic den nim 2001 - mfii efi mfit irufing DHTT Ciu Long dfii Sy chdm trl niy la eon nhilu quy djnh cia Quy che chua ro ring khiln xi bfii chua dfing Ihuin, hon nia lie dfi t i "tu thue" cfin giy nhieu phin vin gifii lanh dao Nhu vay, eung thfii dilm cfi quy che, mfit quy cbl cho trufing DHDL va mfit quy chi eho trufing DHTT nhung trfin Ihuc tl sy phdt triln hai loai hinh trufing DHNCL iiiy vin cfin rit bit eip Do dfi, 18/7/2000, Thi tufing Chi'nh phi ban hinh quy cbl chinh thic vl trufing DHDL theo Quyll djnh sfi 86/2000/QD-TTg Khi di vio thyc tiln, quy ehl da bfie 16 mfit so nhugc dilm nhu quy djnh trufing DHDL phdi mfit tfi chic xa hfii, tfi chic xa hfii - nghi nghilp, td chic kinh tl xin Ihinh lip, tic la mfii trufing phai tim cho minh mfit tfi chic nao dfi mfit cdch rdt hinh thic dl hgp thic hod, tfi chic niy thyc sy khfing giip gl cho nhi trufing hoat dgng mi dfii lue giy khfi khin Quy ehl quy djnh nhd trufing theo cbl dfi sfi hihi tip the, nhung khfing nfii ro tip thl nio li elii so hiu; khang djnh phdn gfip vfin cia ede nha ddu tu tii san cia trudng nhung 44 khfing khdng djnh ro quyln Igi cia hg sao; ngoii ra, quy chi quy djnh nhi trufing mic nhiin duge cdp bdng va vin bing nim hi thfing gido due qufic ddn ma khfing dfii hfii mfit co chi kilm djnh chit lugng vin bing dfi Vi nhing ban ehl cdc chinh sdch da ban hinh nfin sau 16 nam kl t i cfi chinh sdch xdy dyng vi phdt triln trufing DHNCL din nim 2004, ci nufic chi cfi 23 trufing dai hoc va cao ddng ngodi efing Idp dugc thinh lip T i Ludt Gido due nim 2005 m vi Thi tufing Chinh phi ban binh Quyll dinh sfi 14/2005/QD-Trg ngiy 17/01/ 2005 vl quy chi DHTT thay thl quy chf nim 1993 tbi loai hlnh DHTT mfii thuc su phdt triln Tuy nhifin, cac cbi'nh sdch cua Nhd nufle dl dam bao eho sy phdt triln lanh manh eua loai hinh cfin nhilu vdn dl bdt hgp ly, thilu nhdt qudn, cu thl nhu sau: - Sau sy dfii cia bai quy cbl tfi chic va hoat dfing cua cdc trufing DHNCL (theo Quylt dinh sfi 86/2000/QD-TTg vi Quyll djnh sfi 14/2005/QD-TTg) thl chi cfin hai loai hlnh trufing ddn Idp va tu thuc, dfi loai hinh din lip mang mfit s6 sic thii khfing vl Igi nhuin cfin loai h'mh tu thuc da chuyin hdn qua co cbl vi loi nhuin - So vfii quy cbl vl DHDL thl quy chi vl DHTT dugc xdy dyng theo co ehl d phdn, efi dflng vd efi chia Igi nhuin cho nhflng ngufii dugc gfip vfin, tie li theo m6 hinh VI loi nhuin Dilu dfi cho thdy quy cbl DHTT khfing thi hifin ddy di tinh thdn nfii dung cua Nghj quyit sfi 05/2005/NQCP 18/4/2005 cua Chinh phu li Nha nufic khuyin khich xdy dyng va phit triln trufing DHTT phi loi nhudn Hon nia Nghj djnh sfi 75/2006/ND-CP ngdy 02/8/2006 cia Chi'nh phi hufing ddn thi hinh Ludi Gido due nfii vl ea cdu cia hfii dfing qudn tli cdc trufing DHTT da quy djnh hfii dfing niy chi bao gfim "nhing ngufii gfip vfin xiy dyng trufing", khfing TAP CHi QUAN LY NHA NUdC - S6 196 (5-2012) NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI nhdc den eac phdn dai dien cho edng ddng xa hdi va dai dien cho sinh vien ma cac trudng tu khdng vi loi nhudn tren thd gidi ddu cd - Di tidp tuc tridn khai Nghi dinh sd 75/2006/ND-CP eua Chi'nh phii, Thu tudng Chinh phti da k^ Quydt dinh sd 122/2006/ QD-TTg 29/5/2006 chuydn todn bd 19 trudng DHDL sang loai hlnh DHTT vao cudi thdng 6/2007 Tuy nhien, cho ddn ngdy 31/12/2007, ehi mdt trudng nhd'l la DHDL Thang Long hoan thdnh thu tue chuydn ddi Ly chinh eua su chdm trd la quy chd DHTT nam 2005 khdng dap ihig qua trinh chuydn ddi, ede khai niem quan lien quan ddn quydn sd hihi ed nhdn va quydn sd him tdp thd, co chd vi loi nhudn hay khdng vi Icri nhudn chua duoc lam ro Cdc ehinh sach khdc duoc neu dudi dang f tudng eac nghi quydt chua duoc thd hien bang ludt le Vdi quydt dmh nay, khu vue gido due dai hoc, cac yeu td "khdng vi loi nhudn" da dan duoc thay the bdng cae ydu td "vi loi nhudn", va dudng nhu khdng dung so vdi dinh hudng cua Lugt Gido due va tinh thdn Nghi quyet sd 05/2005/NQ-CP cua Chinh phu - Sau nam thuc hien quy chd DHTT nam 2005, ' 17/4/2009 Thii tudng Chfnh phu lai tiep tue ban hanh Quydt dinh sd 61/2009/QD-TTg vd quy chd DHTl'dd thay thd nham tao co chd bop ly hon cho phdt tridn loai hinh DHTT; thang 11/2011, Thu tudng Chfnh phu ban hdnh Quydt dinh sd 63/2011/QD-Trg s&a ddi bd sung mdt sd dieu cua Quydt dinh sd 61/2009/QDTTg Trong Ludt Gido due nam 2005 va Ludi Gido due sijra ddi, du thao mdi nhdt vd Ludt Gido due dgi hpc ddu khang dinh "cdm loi dung cae boat ddng giao due vi muc dfeh vu loi" Tuy nhien, d ca van ban la cac quydt dinh sd 14, sd 61 va sd 63 cua Thi tudng Chfnh phu vd td chiic va boat ddng DHTT deu mang ddm net ban chat vi loi nhuan Ngoai ra, cac vdn ban TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA N U C - s 196 (5-20121 ndy edn quy dinh: ede cd ddng ehi dugc sd h&u tdi san minh gdp vdn, cac phdn tai sdn tdng len boat ddng cua trudng thudc sd hihi chung Chfnh khai niem "sd hOu chung" cua quy chd la mdt cae vdn dd gdy bd't ddng gifla ede gidi quan \^ nha nude va nhflng ngudi sang Idp cac trudng DHTT - Dd tridn khai Quydt dinh sd 122/2006/ QD-TTg cua Thu tudng Chfnh phu, Bd Giao due va Ddo tao da ban hanh Thdng tu sd 20/20 lO/TT-BGDDT 16/7/2010 quy dinh ndi dung, trinh tu, thu tuc chuydn ddi trudng DHDL sang loai hiiih DHTT Theo thdng tu nay, can cfl dd dugc cdng nhdn la "ngudi gdp vdn" la tien bae, dd't dai, vdt dung ma ngudi dd mang vao trudng, khdng tfnh ddn eac loai vd'n "trim lugng" nhu tri tue, edng sflc eiia nha giao due, nha quan ly Bdi vay, cd tinh trang la sau chuyen ddi, b mgt sd trudng DHDL, vai tro lanh dao trudng bi tudt khdi tay sd ddng ngudi thuc su cd cdng Idn viec Idp va xdy dung di lOi vao nhung nha ddu tu ed nhidu tidn Cac mdu thudn tidm dn cd thd sdn sang bung phdt cdc trudng vi ed loi nhudn, nhu: gifla vai trd va quydn loi cua nha ddu tu va Hdi ddng sang Idp; Quy bidn tang va tuong lai ciia cac trudng ngoai edng Idp; quyen loi gifla nha ddu tu va ngudi lao ddng; mdu thudn gifla nhd ddu tu ma dai dien la Hdi ddng quan tri va Hieu trudng vd phuong thflc didu hanh nha trudng, vd xdy dung ddi ngu va nhidu vdn dd khac Ca nudc Men da cd 80 trucmg ngoai cdng Idp (30 trudng cao dang va 50 trudng dai hgc) Cho ddn nay, cae van ban phap ly lam CO sd eho phdt tridn GDDHNCL ma Nha nude da ban hdnh kha nhidu, nhimg eac vdn ban vdn cdn su chdng eheo va mdu thudn nen cac f tudng cdc vdn ban dd di vao cudc sdng bdt sflc chdm chap Viee thuc thi cac chinh sdeh eu the eua Nha nudc vd phat tridn DHTT cung chua qudn triet tinh thdn Nghi quydt s6 45 NGHIEN CLru - TRAO o l 05/2005/NQ-CP cia Chinh phi, nhu sinh vifin cic trufing DHTT vdn chua dugc hufing hoc bfing khuyin kbi'eb hoc tip (tuy ty 11 sinh viln nghfio fi cdc trufing DHTT cfi thl cfin cao ban mfit sfi trufing cfing), dfii ngi gidng vifin cdc trufing DHTT chua dugc thyc sy binh ddng so vfii trufing cfing lip cdc boat dfing nhu vile duge eft di hoc tdp, bfii dufing ndng eao trlnh dO chuyfin mfin nghilp vu nufic ngodi, cfin thilt thfii vific thuc hiln cdc ebi'nh sach dai ngfi vi tfin vinh nhu xit phong hoc ham vi phong ting cie danh hilu vinh dy cia Nhi nufic Mot so giai phap phdt Irien (JDDHNCL thfii gian tfii Dl tilp tuc phdt triln hfi thfing gido dye dai hgc theo chi truang cia Ddng vi Nhi nufic li ehi tfin tai hai loai btnh cfing lip va tu thyc thi vific chuydn dfii cic co sfi GDDHNCL sang loai hinh DHTT vd phdt triln DHTT ddp ing muc tifiu cua Nhd nufic dat din nim 2020 dam bdo cho khoang 40% tong sfi sinh vifin hoc tai cdc CO sfi giao due DHNCL ii ri't edn thilt vd Nhd nufic phai xdy dyng hfi thfing quy pham phdp luit hoin chinh, dfing bfi vfii cie chinh sich hgp ly; dfing thfii cdn ldm ro nhing vin dl sau: Thti nhdt, vl mfi hinh trufing, Nhi nufic cin lam ro mfi hinh trufing DHTT vi Igi nhudn va phi Igi nhuin, dl t i dfi cfi cfi ehl hfi trg kiiic nhdm thic ddy cdc trufing DHTT phdt triln dung hufing Thii hai, cdn xdy dyng quy hoach, k l hoach phdt triln nhilu loai hinh DHTT phi Igi nhuin han loai hinh Igi nhuin theo ding tinh thdn Nghi quylt sfi 05/2005/ NQ-CP la khuyin khfch phdt triln loai hinh DHTT phi Igi nhuin Thti ba, vl tfi chic, dl trufing dai hgc thyc sy li mfit co sfi khfing vl Igi nhuin, Hfii dfing quan tri eua trufing khfing thl chi bao gfim nhing ngufii gfip vfin, mi cin efi thinh phdn dai diln cho cfing dfing vi 46 sinh vifin vl trufing DHTT khfing vi igi nhuin khfing thuOc sfi hiu nhi nufic, nhung cung khfing thufic sfi hiu tu nhin cia chi nhing ngufii gfip vfin hoic sfi hiu tip thl cia nhing ngufii lim vific trufing dfi, mi thuOc "sfi hiu cfing dfing" Nhing ngufii dai diln nhi trufing cfi quyln khai thdc nfi d^ phuc vu cfing dfing nhung khfing cfi quyln mua bdn, chuyin nhugng Hfii dfing qudn trj cia DHTT khfing vi Igi nhudn dai diln clio sfi hiu cfing dfing niy chi khfing ciii dai diln cho nhing nguM gfip vfin Thii tu, xiy dyng vi ban hinh quy ehl cung nhu cdc chinh sdch uu dai cu thl dfii vfii cdc ca sfi giio due DHTT khfing vl Igi nhuin vi dl dam bao tuyln bfi trufing DH'iT "khfing vi Igi nhuin" phai cfi co chi kilm toin tii chinli chit che vd kilm djnh chdt lugng ddo tao dl t i dfi dugc Nhd nufic cfing niidn Ii tfi chic khfing vi Igi nhuin thi mfii dugc hufing im dai Trufing DHTT nao chip nhin hoat dfing khfing vi Igi nhuin thi Nhd nufic hfi trg kinh phi, trufing nio theo ca cbl vi Igi nliudn, lie dfi nhd trufing dugc xem nhu mfit doanh nghilp thfing thufing vi Nha nuctc quy djnh phai dfing thul Thti ndm, dam bao binh ding thit sy giia cdc trufing dai hoc cfing lip vd DHTT khfing VI Igi nhuin: ca bai loai trufing diu dugc quyln tham dy cdc diu tbdu eung itig djch vu Nhi nufic dit hang, suih vifin vi cdc giang viln hai loai trufing diu dugc blnh dang vile hufing cic loai tii tra cua Nhi nuficEl Tii U^u tham khio: Bfi Gido due vi Dio tao Bdo cdo tdng k^ gido due dgi hgc,H.2011 NguySn TTli Binh Bdo ddm su phdt triin dn dinh hi thdng dai hoc, cao ddng ngodi cdn Idp d nudc ta Tap chf Cfing san, sfi 10 (178) nam2009 Vien Khoa hgc giio due Viet Nam Ky ylu hfii thao "Ddi mdi cdn bdn, todn dien nin giao ditc Viit Nam", H 11/2011 TAP CHl OUAN LY NHA NUdC - SO 196 (5-2012) ... Idp d nudc ta Tap chf Cfing san, sfi 10 (178) nam2 009 Vien Khoa hgc giio due Viet Nam Ky ylu hfii thao "Ddi mdi cdn bdn, todn dien nin giao ditc Viit Nam" , H 11/2011 TAP CHl OUAN LY NHA NUdC - SO... hudng cua Lugt Gido due va tinh thdn Nghi quyet sd 05/2005/NQ-CP cua Chinh phu - Sau nam thuc hien quy chd DHTT nam 2005, '' 17/4/2009 Thii tudng Chfnh phu lai tiep tue ban hanh Quydt dinh sd 61/2009/QD-TTg... lao thufic he Ihfing dai hgc eua nufic Viet Nam, dit dufii sy qudn Ij nhi nufic cia Bfi Giao due va Dio tao Quy cbl ton lai, khfing bj buy bo, nhung sau nam - tic den nim 2001 - mfii efi mfit irufing