ÎflO DUC DflOTflO PHAT TRIEN HE THONG GIAO DUC DAI HOC • • • • NGOAI CONG LAP O VIET NAM Ths Tran Quang Hung Bd Gido due vd Ddo tgo Email hungtq2008@gmail com TS Pham Vu Thing Tnedng Dgi hpc Kinh ti,[.]
^IflO DUC-DflOTflO PHAT TRIEN HE THONG GIAO DUC DAI HOC • • • • NGOAI CONG LAP O VIET NAM Ths Tran Quang Hung Bd Gido due vd Ddo tgo Email: hungtq2008@gmail.com TS Pham Vu Thing Tnedng Dgi hpc Kinh ti, dgi hpc Qudc gia Email: phamvuthang edu@gmail com Gido due dgi hpc a Viet Nam ddng gop quan trpng cho suphdt trien cua ddt nudc qua viic ndng cao chdt lupng ngudn nhdn liec ddp img yiu cdu cong nghiip hoa, hiin dgi hda vd hdi nhgp qudc ti Xd hdi hda gido due dgi hpc a Viet Nam ddphdt triin cdc truang dgi hpc ngodi cong lap Id gidi phdp quan trpng cua chiin heacphdt triin hi Ihdng gido due dgi hpc Bdi viit ndy nhdm ddnh gid vd di xudt mdt so gidi phdp di phdt triin hi thong truang dgi hpc ngodi cdng lap a Viet Nam Tir khda: dai hgc ngoai cdng lap, giang vien, sinh vien, tuyen sinh, chinh sach Chii truong chinh sach ve phat trien he thong giao due dai hoc ngoai cong lap Phat trien he thdng giao dye dai hgc ngoai cdng lap da dugc Dang va Nha ban hanh chu truang, chinh sach tir nhQng nam 1990 Van kien Hgi nghj lln thir tu Ban chap banh Trung uang Dang khoa VIII nhan djnh vai trd cua xa hgi hda cdng tac giao due la "huy ddng toan xa hdi lam giao dye, ddng vien cac ting Idp nhan dan gdp sue xay dyng nen giao dye quoc dan dudi sy quan ly ciia Nha nudc'' Nghj quylt Dai hdi X cua Dang khang dinh xa hdi hda giao dye la mgt nhung bien phap quan trgng dl nganh giao dye tilp tuc phat huy tyu da dat dugc, khic phyc nhCrng ban chi, yeu kem, phin diu thyc hien thing lgi cac muc tieu vl phat triln giao dye giai doan 2006-2010 Chinh phu ban hanh Nghi quylt sd 90/CP 21/8/1997 va Nghj quylt sd 05/2005/NQ-CP 18/4/2005 vl day manh xa hdi hda cac boat ddng giao dye, y tl, van hda va thi dye thi thao, dd xac djnh giai phap la : "khuyin khich lap cac ca sd giao due, dao tao va day nghe ngoai cdng lap; chuyin mgt s6 ca sd cdng lap sang loai hinh ngoai cdng lap Han chi md them cac ca sd cdng lap d So 184 Ihdng 10/2012 nhirng viing kinh te phat trien Khdng tri cac ca sd ban cdng, cac Idp ban cdng trudng cdng Khuyen khich viec hgp tac, lien ket dao tao vdi cac ca sd dao tao cd chat lugng cao ciia nudc ngoai; khuyen khich md cac cac ca sd giao dye dao tao cd chat lugng cao, cd uy tin bang 100% vdn dau tu nudc ngoai; khuyen khich cac nha khoa hpc, giao due cd trinh cao d nudc ngoai, ngudi Viet Nam dinh cu d nudc ngoai tham gia giang day tai Viet Nam Den nam 2010, ty le ngudi hgc cac co sd dai hgc, cao dang ngoai cdng lap khoang 40%." Cy the hda Nghi quyet sd 05, Chinh phu da ban hanh Nghj djnb so 53/2006/ND-CP 25/5/2006 vaNghj djnb sd 69/2008/ND-CP 30/5/2008 vl chinh sach khuyen khich xa hdi hda doi vdi cac boat dgng ITnh vyc giao dye, day nghi, y tl, van hda, the thao, mdi trudng, dd cac chinh sach khuyin khich phat trien xa hdi hda bao gom: Cho thue, xay dyng ca sd vat chat; giao dit, cho thue dit; mien le phi trudc ba dang ky quyen sit dyng dit, quyen sd hiru tai san gin vdi dat; dugc mien cac khoan phi, le phi kbac lien quan den quyln sir dyng dat, tai san gan vdi dat Uy ban nhan dan d p tinh xem xet quyet djnh mien, giam phi su dung ting 74 kinhtpJIiattM m GIflO DUC - DflO Tl theo quy dinh ciia phap luat ddi vdi ca sd thuc hien xa bdi hda Ca sd thuc hien xa hdi hda dugc uu dai ve thue gia trj gia tang, thue xuat khau, thue nhap khau theo quy djnh cua Luat Thue gia trj gia tang, Luat Thue xuat khau, thue nhap khau, thue suat thul thu nhap doanh nghiep uu dai la 10% suot thdi gian boat ddng Quyet dinh so 1466/QD-TTg 10/10/2008 ciia Thii tudng Chinh phii quy dinh cac tieu chi, dieu kien ddi vdi cac td chirc dugc xa hdi hda ITnh vyc giao dye va dao tao, dd tap trung vao ba chinh sach Idn: ve giao dit, von va thue ca nudc (trong dd cd 28 trudng cao ding va 54' trudng dai hgc ngoai cdng lap), tang tir 11% tdng sd CO sd giao due dai hgc nam hgc 2002-2003 Sy phat trien cua cac trudng dai hpc, cao dang ngoai cdng lap gdp phan tang quy md dao tao eda khoi ngoai cdng lap tir 111.856 sinh vien (chilm 12% tdng sd sinh vien dai hpc) nam hgc 2002- 2003, lln 331.595 sinh vien (chiem \5% tdng sd sinh vien dai bpc) nam hgc 2011 -2012, ddng gdp vao kit qua 227 sinh vien tren I van dan nam 2010 Nhilu trudng dai hpc da cd uy tin, thuang bieu va thu hut nhieu sinh vien theo hpc, dac biet d nhirng nganh cd kha nang tim Thanh tuu dat dxxffc ciia phaf trien he thong viec nhu: tai chinh-ngan hang, kinh te ddi ngoai, quan tri kinh doanh, cdng nghe thdng tin da dap giao due dai hpc ngoai cong lap irng nhu cau da dang ve hgc tap cua xa hdi va nang Bang cho thay tinh den nam hgc 2011-2012, ca cao chat lugng ngudn nhan luc cho nen kinh te nudc cd 82 trudng cao dang, dai hgc ngoai cdng lap, (Biludd 1) chiem 20% tdng sd ca sd giao due cao dang, dai hpc Bang 1: Co' cau giao due dai hoc ngoai cong lap he thong giao due dai hpc Tru'o'ng Cong lap Ngoai cong lap Sinh vien Cong lap Ngoai eong lap Nam hoe 2002-2003 202 100% 179 89% 11% 23 960.692 100% 848.836 88% 12% 111.856 Nam hoc 2006-2007 322 100% 275 85% 47 15% 1.540.201 100% 1.360.126 88% 180.075 12% Nam hoc 2011-2012 419 100% 337 80% 82 20% 2.204.313 100% 1.872.718 85% 331.595 15% Ngudn: Tong hap tie bdo cdo Ihdng ki gido due ddo tgo cdc ndm, Bd Gido due vd Ddo tgo Bieu 1: So lup'ng tuyen sinh d cac nganh nghe dao tao cua cac trudng dai hoc ngoai cong lap, nam 2010 27CO.i,"^l0/;i6CO 27CO_^_^^ ' • Baochrva truyen thong Cong nghe va Cong nghe thong tin S Khoa hpc t u nhien • Khoa h p c xa hpi va Mhan van • KT thuat Kien true - Xay dung • Kinh doanh - Quan ly Nong - Lam - Thuy san a Van hoa nghe thuat - TDTT •Y-Dupc • Luat Khoahpcgiao due Ngudn: Bp Gido due vd Ddo tgo sd 184 thdng 10 2012 75 ^ I l 1^0 DUC-DflOTflO Phat trien md hinh giao dye ngoai cdng lap la tat yeu, thdng qua dd cho phep huy ddng dugc su ddng gdp cua cac nha dau tu cho giao due dai hgc, dap irng nhu cau hgc tap cua nhan dan va dao tao ngudn nhan lyc dieu kien ngan sach nha nudc dau tu cho giao due dai hgc rat ban che giao su, phd giao su, tiln sT Hau qua la cac co sd dao tao khd dam bao chit lugng dao tao giang vien thinh giang it cd dilu kien tham gia sinh boat chuyen mdn tai ca sd thinh giang va khdng cdn thdi gian tap trung nghien ciiu, nang cao chat lugng giang day Cac van de ton tai va nguyen nhan ban che su phat trien he thong giao due dai hoc ngoai cong lap Mdt han che kbac la ca sd vat chat cua cac trudng ngoai cdng lap: Rat it trudng cd co sd vat chat day dii, tap trung, cd du thu vien, phdng thi nghiem, xudng thyc hanh Nhieu trudng, tham chi ddi vdi nhOng trudng ngoai cdng lap lap dau tien thap ky 90, dang phai thue giang dudng, phdng lam viec, dja diem phan tan, khien cho viec triln khai cac boat ddng dao tao gap nhieu khd khan Mdt so dja phuong chua danh quy dat cho cac trudng, cac trudng,gap nhieu khd khan viec giai phdng mat bang, dau tu xay dyng ca sd vat chat Nhieu trudng dugc lap d cac dia phuang theo quy hoach phat trien cua Chinh phu, nhien d nhung dja phuong dd chua thyc sy phat trien ve ca sd vat chat, djch vy de thu hiit ngudi hgc d dia phuang va viing den hgc Do vay cac trudng thudng phai thue ca sd vat chat, giang dudng, phdng lam viec d cac phd Idn nhu Ha Ndi phd Hd Cbi Minh de tuyen sinh va td chuc dao tao Myc tieu cua Chinh phii Ja den nam 2010 cd 40% ngudi hgc d he thdng giao dye dai hgc ngoai cdng lap, nhien den nam hgc 2011-2012, ty le mdi chi dat 15% Dieu dd phan anh chat lugng dao tao cua cac trudng dai hgc ngoai cdng lap cdn thap, chua dap iing dugc nhu cau ciia ngudi hgc va xa hdi, va dd chua dugc xa bdi chap nhan Dlem tuyen sinh ciia cac trudng ngoai cdng lap phan Idn d diem san dai hgc, nhung nhieu trudng khdng tuyen dii chi tieu Bd GDDT phe duyet Nam hgc 2010- 2011, mdt so trudng ngoai cdng lap cbi dat khoang 50 den 60% cbi tieu tuyin sinh, tham cbi cd trudng chi dat tren 20% Do nguon thu cua trudng chu yeu la dua vao hgc phi vay rat nhieu trudng da phai cat giam diu tu ve ca sd vat chat, phdng hgc, phdng thi Bang 2: Ty le sinh vien/ giang vien giao due dai hoc giai doan 2002-2012 He thdng thu vien cua cac trudng ngoai cdng lap cdn nhd, sd lugng dau sach ngheo nan va don dieu 26 Binh quan dien tich sir dung khu hgc tap trung 31 18 binh/I sinh vien dai hgc va cao dang chi khoang 30 24 m^, qua thap theo tieu chuan thiet ke hien banh la 43 thdng ke gido due ddo 6m^ Tham chi d nhieu trudng dien tich trung binh/1 sinh vien dudi 2m^''' tgo Nam hpc Nam hpc Nam hpc 2002-2003 2006-2007 2011-2012 Ty le sinh vien/Giang vien Cong lap Ngoai cong lap 25 25 21 Nguon: Tdng hap tie bdo cdo tao cdc ndm, Bp Gido due vd Ddo nghiem Han chi trudc hit la so lugng ddi ngu giang vien ciia cac trudng dai hgc ngoai cdng lap cdn thilu Bang cho thiy ty le sinh vien/giang vien he thdng giao dye dai hgc ngoai cdng lap cdn cao, tham chi sau 10 nam ty le cdn tang len Khao sat cua Qudc hgi nam 2009 cho thay d cac trudng ngoai cdng lap, so giang vien ca biiu thap han sd giang vien thinh giang Tham chi d mdt so ca sd dao tao, so giang vien thinh giang gap lan sd giang vien ca hCru, danh sach giang vien thinh giang cua mgt so trudng triing nhau, tap trung vao mdt sd Sd 184 thdng 10,2012 Cac trudng dai hgc ngoai cdng lap dang ddi mat vdi vdng luan quan la ngudn thu ban dau rat thap vi sd lugng sinh vien thap va hgc phi phai tri d mure thap de thu hut sinh vien, kinh phi dau tu ban che khdng dii dau tu ca sd vat chat va thu hiit nhan luc chat lugng cao cho cac trudng dai hgc ngoai cdng lap, chat lugng dao tao khdng dygc nang cao, xa hdi khdng chap nhan chat lugng dao tao ciia trudng Nut that chinh vdng luan quan chinh la kha nang cac trudng tiep can, huy ddng ngudn vdn rat thap, mac dii Nha nudc cd nbCrng chinh sach uu dai ve tin dyng 76 kinh tyiiiit trien 'R9 GIflO DUC-DflO Tl Cac khuyen nghj Sk phat trien he thong giao dang vdi cac trudng cdng lap viec tilp nhan ngudn ngan sach nha nudc due dai (ipc ngoai cong lap: De pha vd vdng luin quan qua trinh phat Hai la, md fiinh lien ket cdng tu (PPP) cin dugc trien cua giao dye dai hgc ngoai cdng lap thi can cd nghien euu phat trien he thdng giao due dai nhirng chinh sach dot pha de cac trudng cd the tiep hpc d Viet Nam Kinh nghiem phat trien md hinh can va huy ddng cac ngudn vdn dau tu PPP tren the gidi cho thay khdng nhit thilt phai theo Mdt la, xay dyng ca che phan bd ngan sach nha md hinh thuan mgt trudng hoan toan thudc nha nudc cho he thdng giao due dai hgc theo hudng md nudc hoac hoan toan thudc tu nhan ma cd the ket rdng CO bdi tiep can cQa trudng dai hgc ngoai cdng hgp cac the manh cua nha nudc va tu nhan lap vdi ngudn ngan sach nha nudc Nha nudc cd the viec phat trien giao dye dai hgc, vi du nha nude dau dat hang ddi vdi mdt sd nganh dao tao va cac nghien tu CO sd tang, tu nhan td chuc quan ly, tuyen ciru khoa hgc vi du nhu khoa hgc ca ban, khoa hgc sinh xa hdi nhan van, ndng nghiep ndng thdn, y t l Ba la, xay dung khung phap ly de tao co cbi cho khdng phan biet ca sd dao tao cdng lap hoac ngoai cac ca sd dao tao dai hoc ngoai cdng lap phi Igi cdng lap, mien la cac ca sd dao tao cd the cung nhuan cd the thu but cac ngudn vdn tir ben ngoai, cap chat lugng va sd lugng san pham cho nha nudc cac ngudn vien trg, trao tang Kinh nghiem cua My theo dung yeu cau Vdi each thuc nay, cac trudng ve mien, giam thue thu nhap ca nhan cho cac nha tai dai hgc ngoai cdng lap cd co' bdi va canh tranh binh trg vao giao due la chinh sach kha thi d Viet N a m p Chu thich: ' Dien tich cho khu hpc tap Irung binli/1 sinh vien a Lien X6 vd Dong Au cS Id 9-12m^, Phdp Id 12m-, Diic Id ll6m\ My Id Niiii Odd 15ml Tai lieu tham khao: Du thao D I an D6i mdi can ban, toan dien giao due va dao tao, nang cao chat luong nguon nhan lue dap iing yeu cau cong nghiep hda, hien dai hoa va hpi nhap quoc tl Bp Giao due va Dao tao, Chi thj ve nhiem vu trpng tam cua giao due dai hpc nam hpc 2010-2011 Le Dinh Vien, Mpt sd giai phip nham tao su phat trien ben vung cac trudng dai hpc ngoai cong lap Nguyin Trudng Giang, Doi mdi ca chi tai chinh doi vdi eac ea sd giao due dai hpc eong lap gan vdi nang cao chat luang dao tao thirc hien muc tieu cong bang va hieu qua Harry Anthony Patrinos, Felipe Barrera-Osorio, Juliana Guaqueta, 2009, The Role and Impact of Public-Private Partnerships in Education, World Bank Sd 184 Iluing 10 2012 77 klfllteJIiilllrirn ... sd sinh vien dai hpc) nam hgc 2002- 2003, lln 331.595 sinh vien (chiem \5% tdng sd sinh vien dai bpc) nam hgc 2011 -2012, ddng gdp vao kit qua 227 sinh vien tren I van dan nam 2010 Nhilu trudng... Ngoai eong lap Nam hoe 2002-2003 202 100% 179 89% 11% 23 960.692 100% 848.836 88% 12% 111.856 Nam hoc 2006-2007 322 100% 275 85% 47 15% 1.540.201 100% 1.360.126 88% 180.075 12% Nam hoc 2011-2012... gido due ddo 6m^ Tham chi d nhieu trudng dien tich trung binh/1 sinh vien dudi 2m^'''''' tgo Nam hpc Nam hpc Nam hpc 2002-2003 2006-2007 2011-2012 Ty le sinh vien/Giang vien Cong lap Ngoai cong lap