II HUONG DAN QUAN LI sir DUNG LTNG DUNG BAN DO TU DUY TRONG HOC TAP TIENG ANH Nguyen Phu omg Chi Khoa Qudc ti Dgi hpc Qudc gia Hd Npi Trong cac phuang phap, ky nang hd frg ngudi bgc Ban dd tu duy (BDT[.]
II HUONG DAN QUAN LI sir DUNG LTNG DUNG BAN DO TU DUY TRONG HOC TAP TIENG ANH Nguyen Phu-omg Chi Khoa Qudc ti - Dgi hpc Qudc gia Hd Npi T rong cac phuang phap, ky nang hd frg ngudi bgc Ban dd tu (BDTD) dugc xem la phuang phap tdi uu giup tim tdi, dao sau, md rdng y tudng; ^iiip tdm tat va he thdng hda van de mot each ro rang va hieu qua thdng qua viec sir dun^ hinh anh, dudng net, mau sac, chu viet vdi sy tu tich eye Bai viet frinh bay, iing dung ciia BDTD vao ba mang: bai thi tieng Anh chuan hda, cac • bai tap I iTng dung cua BDTD dii vdi SV nhirng b^i thi tilng Anh chuin hoa Cach day tieng Anh trayen thdng - chii yeu chi cd Ngu phap - nhu d bac THCS, THPT da khdng cdn phii hgp vdi SV dai hoc, cac em can duoc hoc day dil ca bdn ky nang: Nghe, ndi, dgc, viet va can cd he thdng kiem fra danh gia toan dien va sau sat han Dd la ly tai hau het cac tradng dai hge, cao dang hien da dan chuyen sang ap dung day ya bgc theo format bai thi tieng Anh chuan hda qudc tl (lELTS, TOEFL, TOEIC ) Mdt sd trudng, dac biet d nhiing chuang trinh tien tien day bang tieng Anh, da yeu cau SV cd diem dat yeu cau d nhung chimg chi hoac tuang duong mdi cd the dugc tradng Nhung bai thi chuan hda bat ngudn til phuang Tay (Anh, My, Ausfralia) nen ddi hdi SV phai cd tu sang tao, logic, ty van ddng thay vi thy ddng chep bai - fra bai traySn thdng Bang viec su dung BDTD, SV cd kha nang ling bien nhanh vdi tinh hudng ciia bai thi (d ca bdn ky nang) va vugt qua tdt cac ky thi Ky nang Nghe Phan ky nang Nghe d cac bai thi tieng Anh chuan hda thudng duge kiem fra theo format: cho nghe mdt doan hdi thoai hoac mdt bai jgiang lien mach tir 2-4 phiit rdi sau dd fra Idi cau hdi Format yeu cau thi sinh khdng chi cd kha nang nghe hieu ma cdn can biet each tdm y nhanh, he thdng lap tiic nghe de thu thap thdng tin dii fra Idi cau hdi (bai thi chuan chi cho nghe nhat mdt lin) tai lai thich hoac khdng thich Nhu vay, frong qua frinh nghe, CO thi John ndi het mpt lugt rdi Sarah mdi ndi ho|c cflng ed the, khd ban, hai b?in ndi song song - cac y tudng dan xen, triing lap Bing viec ve BDTD cd nhanh umg vdi hai ban va cac nhanh nhd ehe til nhanh nay, SV lam bai se khdng bi sdt y hay bi rdi qua nhieu thdng tin den nigt luc BDTD cung rit de de cho cdc ban nhin diing nhttng thdng tin cin thilt nhSt (tu gdc den nggn ciia vin dl) de fra Idi cau hdi TOEFL cd the hdi nhung cau nhu: "Bai hdi thoai ndi vl dieu gi?", "Trong hai ngudi, la ngudi thich d ky tiic, la ngudi khdng?", "Hay neu tit ca cac ly tai John khdng thich d ky tiic" va BDTD chinh la ca sd de fra Idi cac cau hdi dd Vi dy phan Nghe ciia mdt bai thi TOEFL (iBT) cho mdt doan hdi thoai gitta hai ban John va Sarah ve chii de " ky tiic xa": Sarah thieh d ky tiic cdn John thi khdng, cac Trong thdi gian bet siic ban tranh luan va giai thich ly ngan ngiii, vua nghe, vua ghi Minh hoa BDTD mpt bdi Nghe cua TOEFL: John vd Sarah hpi thogi vi chu di "Oky tuc xd " Ngdy nhdn bdi 29/8/2012: Ngdy duyel ddng 25/9/2012 • TAP CHI THIFTBI GIAO DUC-SO 86-10/2012 Hl/QNG DAN QUAN LI sir DUNG chep va -vara suy nghi fra Idi cau hdi, nhilu ban SV chgn each nhd nham frong dc ma khdng ghi hay chi ghi theo trat tu bai nghe ma khdng he thdng til dau Day la suy nghi rat sai lam bdi eac bai thi thudng "lua" thi sinh bing each gay "nhieu" thdng tin, frong kha nang fri nhd tam thdi cua ngudi la cd ban, cdng them ap lye thi cii khiln ban quen nhanh ban, BDTD la each tdi uu de giup dau dc minh va dua lya chgn sang sudt nhat Ky nang Doc Nhieu eudn sach hd frg luyen ky nang Dgc cho cac bai thitiengAnh tieu chuan cd dat "meo" la: khdng nen dgc, ky toan bd bai dgc hay he thdng lai trade fra Idi cau hdi nia chi nen dgc qua, sau dd dan dan qua trinh fra Idi cau hdi se dan khien ban nam dugc y ciia bai Dieu diing vdi nhiing cau hdi ngan, hdi ve dtt kien nhat dinh tton^ bai, ngudi dgc doi chi can tim diing chi tiet la cd the dap an dung, tiet kiem duoc nhieu thdi gian Tuy nhien, ddi vdi loai cau hdi can tu logic nhu: "Bai dpc ndi vl chii dl gi?", "Hay tim ndi dung chinh cua khd A, khd B frong doan van" hay "Sap xep cac y chinh theo frat ty bai vilt" thi viec khdng dpc va he thdng tir dau se lam thi sinh rat hoang mang Vay, bit gap nhung cau hdi tuong ty, su dung BDTD SV hoan toan cd thi tu tin he thdng rit nhanh tii dau den cudi bai dpc, lay chii de bai dpc (thudng xuat hien de bai, tit phu hoac ddng dau tien) lam tam diem va mdi doan van nhd la mdt nhanh che tii chu dl, tilp tuc che y nhd ban cho cae nhanh Neu sii dung thao BDTD, chi sau mdt lugt dgc ludt qua bai, nhin vao BDTD la cd thi tra Idi cau hdi logic mdt each rit de dang Ky nang Viet Cd the ndi, phan Vilt eua cac bai tbi chuan hda la diem yeu eua SV Viet Nam vi cac em da qua quen vdi kieu viet van Viet Nam d tradng phd thdng, cac em thudng nghT den dau, viet den day va lan man dai ddng, tham chi ed viet dai cho bai van cd ve "be the" ban Trong khi, van phong nude ngoai thudng ngan gpn, siic tich, coifrpngyeu td mach lac, de hieu ban la dimg nhirng tir hoa my, khdng di diing frpng tam; thdi gian lam bai lai ngan (td 20-40 phiit) do, ddi hoi viet nhanh va dii y nhat cd the Y thiic dupe nhugc diem eiia SV, nhieu giang vien day mdn Viet hien da dua phuang phap BDTD vao day bgc Trong nhung tiet hge Vilt dau tien, SV chua dugc yeu cau viet bai ma thay vao dd, cac em luyen ve nhap BDTD hoac ve len bang, sau dd trinh bay trade ldp ddng tu ciia minh va phuang phap dua y tudng vao bai viet Giang vien tham chi cd the cham trade ban nhap BDTD va gdp y cho SV dya fren dd, trudc cho SV viet that vao bai II Nhu vay, vdi viec su dung BDTD nhu fren, SV ed the binh dung ba y Idn minh can phai the hien frong bai viet, ciing vdi nhftng dan chiing cu the ciing cd them cho luan diem ciia minh S V cd the ghi chii ludn vao frong BDTD ude luang thdi gian minh su dung de hoan xon^ timg luan diem Trong sudt qua trinh lam bai, BDTD se la "kim chi nam" cho SV ludn di diing hudng da vach san, bam sat de bai va dam bao hoan theo diing thdi gian quy dinh cua bai kiem fra Vdi kieu thi theo format chuan hda ki,eu TOEFL, lELTS, chua ndi den viec viet hay, chi rieng viec viet du y, bam theo logic chung va dan chiing rd rang da bao dam diem sd kha quan cho SV phan thi Viet Ky nang Noi Trong ca hai bai tbi TOEFL va lELTS, cau cudi cimg dugc danh gia la khd va ddi hdi tu ciia thi sinh nhieu nhat - dua mdt ehu de, thi sinh dugc phep suy nghT va ghi chep ca nhan khoang tii -2 phiit de chuan bi, sau dd ndi lien tuc vdi ngudi phdng van (lELTS) hoac may ghi am (TOEFL iBT) Thdi gian chuan bi it di nhung rat quy gia de thi sinh dgc hieu de bai va chuan bi y tudng cho bai ndi Mac dil vay, rat nhieu SV Viet Nam khdng su dung thdi Minh hpa 2: BDTD phdn Viet cho de bdi: "Agree or Disagree with Free Education TAP CHI THIFT B! GIAO DUC-SO 86-10/2012 • 37 II HUaNG DAN QUAN LI SU DUNG gianfrdngnay, mdt sd em chia se la khdng bilt nen lam gi chi nghi mo hd y tudng frong dau hoac cd viet vao td nhap nhung ciing viet linh tinh, hay viet qua nhanh, dgc lai khdng bieu gi Dieu khien da phan SV gap lung tiing vao bai Ndi, khdng biet dien dat lain cho thoat y va ndi chua day phut (nua thdi gian thi) da can bet vdn Phuang ,phap su dung BDTD rat tdi yu frong nhiing tradng hgp cap bach, can y tudng va dinh hudng nhu format thi ndi Khi bat tham dugc ehil de, thi sinh cd the hdi ban than minh nhihig cau nhu: "Chu de la ve cai gi?", "Ca nhan tdi cd lien be vdi chii de nhu the nao?", "Tai sao?" va fra Idi qua viec thiet lap mdt BDTD nhanh cho minh de phac y tudng ndi Vi dy: Cau hdi Phan cua thi Ndi - lELTS cd chu dl: "Ban thich bd phim nao nhat va tai sao?" SV cd the lam BDTD lap tiic, song song vdi viec fra Idi cau hdi: "Tdi thich phim gi?" - Phim Titanic; "Tai sao?" - ly do: Phim lang man, Phim cd y nghia nhan van, Phim cd dien vien tdi yeu thich; "Canh nao frong phim tdi thich nhat?" - canh fren boong tau, eanh khieu vu, canh bang da Tu dd BDTD dugc vach ro rang cac y Idn, y nhd va din chiing cu thi kem theo Nhu vay, SV chi cin nhin qua BDTD la cd thi ndi frdi chay, dil y, du thdi gian va diingfrgngtani cau hdi BDTD se tdt ban neu SV cd the suy nghi bang tieng Anh tii dau va dung nhiing "key words" viet BDTD d6 ban che viec quen til vyng cung nhu tap each the hien ciia ngudi ban ngtt Viec trinh bay mdt bai ndi ranh mach, rd y da dil de Sy ghi diem muc kha trd len ddi vdi bai thi ky nang Ndi II I/ng dung ciia BDTD doi vdi S V viec Iam bai tap nhdm Mot nhtnig phuang phap day va bgc hien dai dang dugc ap dung frong ca nude la: khuyen khich hge sinh cac ldp cudi phd thdng, dac biet la SV lam viec theo nhdm SV hien cd nhieu CO hdi lam nhdm nhu thuyet trinh theo nhdm, nghien ciiu khoa hpc theo nhdm, lam dy an nhdm Theo do, iing dung ciia BDTD frong viec lam bai tap nhdm khdng chi giiip SV he thdng kien thiie tdt ma cdn gilip hinh mpt sd ky jeOlMitBn 0«a(»i Minh hpa : Mdu BDTD cho phdn Noi chit di: 'Bp phim yeu thich " 38 • TAP CHI THIFT BI GIAO DUC - SO 86 -10/2012 nang mem nhu quan ly cdng viec va lanh dap nhdm Trade hit, vl mat hpc tap, BDTD gilip nhdm SV tap hgp dugc tdi da cac kien thiic ciia mdi vien (khac nhau, da chieu); hd fra lgc thdng tin va he thdng kien thirc mdt each ro rang nhit; ddng thdi kieh thieh sang tao khdng ngimg tii gdc den nggn cua van de Chang ban ca nhdm dang cd mot ehil de chung can thao luan la "Mdi tradng" - tir khda cd the duge viet d giua trang tam (cd the fr6n giay AO -;- ed the fren bang) Khi dd, tat ca cac vien frong nhdm ciing hudng suy nghi vao "tam" van de eu the ve "Mdi tradng" va neu y tudng cua minh, tao dan cac nhanh cho BDTD Dieu gilip tiet kiem nhieu thdi gian vi lgc dugc nhung y triing lap, tang tap trang ciia cac vien va kieh thich thao luan sdi ndi ban, an y ban vi cac y hay, cd ddng thuan cao se dugc viet tryc tiep vao BDTD Sir dung BDTD ciing giiip phat huy y tudng sang tao cua timg ca nhan ddc lap, vi du cung ehil de "Mdi tradng", cd em quan tam den "mdi tradng bien", cd em de cap den "mdi tradng rimg", cd em nhin manh ve "d nhiem mdi tradng" Tuy nhien, diem hay nhat cua BDTD la SV ciing chia se tten mdt so dd, cac y tudng ddc lap "va cham" vao nhau, cdng hudng vdi yeu td chia se, hgp tac ttong nhdm nen khiln cac vien cd dilu kien sinh them nhieu y tudng mdi CJ mot sl nhdm SV cd dy an cap hoac cdng trinh nghien ciiu khoa hge cap tradng, cac em cdn freo BDTD len tudng, Hl/QNG DAN QUAN LI sir DUNG len bang va ngoai hanh lang de bat ky cd them y tudng hay gdp y sang tao nao cung cd the viet them hoac ve them nhanh mdi tren dd Ngoai ra, nhu da trinh bay d phan trade, BDTD cd iing dung rat hieu qua ddi vdi viec nang cao ky nang Ndi, vay, day dugc xem nhu md hinh chuan cho thuyet trinh nhdm Ttt phia ngudi thuylt trinh, mac du nhilu ca nhan thay phien len frinh bay mdt van de nhung da cd md hinh san, gach y rd rang nen khdng "giim chan" len qua frinh ndi Tu phia ngudi nghe, viec tilp thu trd nen dl dang hon trade niat cd "tryc quan" la BDTD, dl theo ddi timg phin ban va eiing de ghi chep ban Su dyng ciia BDTD frong lam viec nhdm tao cho SV CO hdi ren luyen cac ky nang mem can thilt nhu quan ly nhan sy, dilu hanh thao luan nhdm, lanh dao nhdm Cu the, frong cdng tac nghien ciiu khoa bgc, SV cd the ap dung BDTD de vach nhung mang edng viec Idn can thiet nhu: tim, dgc va tdng hgp tai lieu; xay dyng, phat va tdng hgp phieu tham dd y kien; viet van ban; sua chtta va hieu dinh , mdi phan phan nhan sy thyc hien day dii dam bao rd rang, cdng bang va khdng triing len Hay nhu viec thao luan mot chii de chung bang BDTD, bat cii liic nao nhdm sa da, nhang, lac de, SV cd thi dl dang dieu hanh keo nhdm lai vdi cac nhanh tu ban diu - dugc the hien rd fren ban dd Cd rat nhieu nha lanh dao, chii doanh nghiep hien da va dang sii dung BDTD frong hgp nhdm cQng la tii nhung ky nang hg cd dugc tu thdi SV nhu the III Ban dh tu- - Logic cho tirffng lai Cd thi ndi BDTD giiip, ngudi "lam chii eudc sdng" bdi nd la chiee chia khda vang khai md dau dc va giai phdng tu Mdt SV nim duge each su dung BDTD hieu qua cd the ap dyng vao tit ca cac mat frong eudc sdng mot each tich eye, khdng cbi dimg lai d mang bgc tap Ching ban SV lap BDTD nhu thdi gian bilu frong ngay, can lam nhiing viee gi (lam them, bgc bai, di choi), miic uu tien ciia timg viec sao, mdt cdng viec cdn nhiing chi tiet nhd nao can chii y , dan dan lam chu thdi gian, cdng viec va tuang lai cua chinh minh Viec su dung BDTD thudng xuyen qua thdi gian ed the an sau, bam rl vao tu eon ngudi, frd mdt thdi quen tdt la trade lam bit cii viec gi cung cd can nhac, cd ke hoach rd rang va logic vach frong dau Bat cii nha tuyen dung nao neu ed nhu cau ciing se khdng khudc tii nhiing SV du mdi tradng nhung cd tu logic, mach lac, phan iing vdi tinh hudng nhanh, lam viec nhdm hieu qua va cd dau dc quan ly tdt Mat khac, ngudi SV thudng xuyen luyen tap tu se nhay ben hon vdi nhttng CO hdi tdt va ban than hg ty dua mmb den nhftng hudng di diing dan, sang sua ban cho tuang lai Ai dd da ndi rang: "Thanh cdng chi den vdi nhftng cd chien luge "quan tri cuoc ddi" dung dan" va BDTD la mdt frong nhung phuang phap hiiu hieu nhat de xay dyng nen dieu dd II Tai lieu tham khao TS Trin Dinh Chau & TS Phimg Khie Binh ,(ddng chu bien) "Sic dung hdn dd tu tu hpc vd budc ddu tap dugt nghiin citu khoa hpc cho hpc sinh', Hudng dan ty bgc tich eye mdt sd mdn hge cho bgc smh THCS, Trang 39, NXB Ha Ndi (2012) TS Trin Dinh Chau & TS Dang Thj Thu Thiiy; "Sit dung BDTD gdp phdn tich cue hda hogt dpng hpc tap cua HS"; Tap chi Khoa hge Giao due, 2009 Summary Mind mapping is a simple and effective leaming tool, helping college students in graphical and visual representation oftheir thoughts and ideas The usage of mind maps has been infroduced and gradually applied in Vietnamese educational system for over ten years In college, mind mapping is being used extensively by students to achieve better scores in some International English Language standard tests (lELTS, TOEFL, TOEIC ), enhance the quality of group-work and sharpen their skills for fiiture career Therefore, it is significantly important for college students to acknowledge the effectiveness of mind map and apply it in their leaming frequently TAP CHI THIFTBI GIAO DUC-SO 86-10/2012 • 39 ... Phim cd y nghia nhan van, Phim cd dien vien tdi yeu thich; "Canh nao frong phim tdi thich nhat?" - canh fren boong tau, eanh khieu vu, canh bang da Tu dd BDTD dugc vach ro rang cac y Idn, y nhd... da, nhang, lac de, SV cd thi dl dang dieu hanh keo nhdm lai vdi cac nhanh tu ban diu - dugc the hien rd fren ban dd Cd rat nhieu nha lanh dao, chii doanh nghiep hien da va dang sii dung BDTD... 20-40 phiit) do, ddi hoi viet nhanh va dii y nhat cd the Y thiic dupe nhugc diem eiia SV, nhieu giang vien day mdn Viet hien da dua phuang phap BDTD vao day bgc Trong nhung tiet hge Vilt dau tien,