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UNG DUNG BAN DO TIT DDY TDDNG DAY HOG THUC HANH TIENG VIET " 6 TRUNG HOC PHO THONG ,, ThS TRAN H O A I PHUCfN^^'''' Ban dd luduy (BDTD) la hinh thuc ghi chep phi tuyen linh dudi dang bieu do mdrdng; sudy[.]
UNG DUNG BAN DO TIT DDY TDDNG DAY HOG THUC HANH TIENG VIET " TRUNG HOC PHO THONG ,, ThS B an dd luduy (BDTD) la hinh thuc ghi chep phi tuyen linh dudi dang bieu mdrdng; sudyng mau s§c, dudng netva hinh anh de bieu thl, phat trien hay dao sau mpt ytudng nao dd.Nd phan anh qua Irinh tu dien ben dau dc eon ngudi; cd lac diing he thdng hoa eae ndi dung tri thdc, thuc day boat dpng ghi nhd va phat huy tiem nang sang lao vd bien Ddi vdi day hpe Nguvan ndi ehung, day hpc tieng Vieldlnjng hpe phothdng (THPT) ndi rieng, BDTD dang dupe ap dung lai nhieu "cong doan" thi cong bai hpc khac nhau: day hpc li thuyet, day hpc thuc hanh, dn tap cung cd, Du la day hpc mang nao, giao vien (GV) cung can chu y cd gang angorit hda mpt quy trinh cu the de hogl dpng ung diing dat ket qua lot nhat, Bai viet de xuat quy trinh budc dng dung BOTD vao day hpe thuc hanh lieng Viet eho hpe sinh (HS) THPT Lua chpn bai tap thieh hqp 1) Kieu bai tap can dua nhieu phuang an delua chgn Mpt BDTD ludn la sU phat then mol y tudng idn nao dd nhieu nhanh nhd, moi nhanh tupng ta/ng cho mpt khia canh cua ytudng cho tordc Lap BDTD dong nghTa vdi viec ngudi sudyng da lien hanh phan tach, chia nho doi tupng cung nhu "ldi keo" them nhung yeu id lien quan vdi ddi lupng ve mpt khu vuc chung, Trong suddi sanh cac yeu td vdi moi trudng ngu lieu, ngucrtsudungseedgpiy xem yeu tdnao phu hpp nhal 2) Kieu bai tap tao lap van ban Xel den cung, tao lap van ban la xay dt/ng nhung chi tiet dudng vien xung quanh mpt y tudng trung tam nao Oleu eung the hien ban chatcija mplBOTD thdng Ihudng: phat trien cac y nhd tu mol y ldn ddng vai trd chu dgo, Nhu the, de lua chpn dang bai tap nao dd cd nen sudung BDTD hay khdng, cdthe dua vao mde dp khd khan ma nhiem vu eija bai dua cho HS giai quyet, Nhung bai tap luong ddi phdc tap, ddi hdi HS phai sudung nhieu kTnang, Ihao tac tu nhu bai tap van dung thap (sang tao mot phan) va bai tSp vgn 32 Tqp chi Gido due so 315 T R A N H O A I PHUCfN^^' dung eao (sang tao toan phan) la nen de BDTD h6 trp Trong do, hieu qua ro rang nhatcua BOTD thudng the hien dcac bai sang tgo loan phan, yeu cgu HS tao lap van ban cdchda mot dan vi li thuyet nhat dinh Vi du: Bai tap • Phong each ngdn ngt/bao chi (tiet 1, Ngu van 11, tap ^)• "Vidt mdt tin ngin phan anh tinh hinh hgc tap didp (chuy nhung chi0taj^e ve thdi gian, hoat ddng ketqua, s6lidu f Cdtlie thaydditucmgdehogtddng l i n h hinh hoe t^dl6p"!a quen thupc vdi HS nhung each thdc lam viec ydidS lupng thl khong phai HS nao cung dupc bit g|p Ihudng xuyen Ndi each khae, HS phai sudung kien Ihucsa lupc da code lam theo yeu cau mdi, phat huy liem nang sang tao d tinh hud'ng chua gap bao gid; sddung hieu bietvatudngtucffigde giaiquyetnhflng van de khong gidng vdi nhdng gi dupc hpc hay trinh bay saeh giao khoa Dang thdc bai tap sang tgo ung vdi mde eao nhat hien eae cap lu dupe su dung eho bai tap thuc hanh Vdiviecphaivan dyng nhung&iaotaetudngtuqng, hinh dung degiaiquyetvande nhutren, bai tap nayM the dupe lien hanh vdisu ho trcfcua mdt BOTD.Trong dd, ddi tupng "tinh hinh hpc tap d ldp" dupe xem lay tudngtnjngtam.Sutoara dan dan tudng tmng tani nhung nhanh npi dung nhu ' ^ a gian", "hoat dpng', "thay co", "ban be", "danh gia", se cho thay si/frien khai sau rdng ytudng tmng tam dd.Nhdvgy.HSse CO mptdanyehitietdUpctd'chdcchgtchebUdekhivietbEu, 2.LapBBTD ' Sau lua chpn dupc dgng bai tap thich hpp co the dng dung BDTD de giai quyet, G V to chdc cho HS tim hudng giai b§ng each lap cac ban tuang iing vcri yeu^cau dupe giao Ching han: "Hay viet mdt doan van ffiudc van ban khoa hgc cap vesuean thiet c^ viecbaove mdi tmong sd'ng (nudc, khdng va datf [Phon^ each ngdn ngQ khoa hgc - Ngu van 12, tap 1) Y tudng trung tam dupc xac djnh la "su can thiet ciia * Xhoa NguT van - Tnrdngfiaihoc sir pham Ha N^i -(kil-8/2013} viec bao vd mdi trudng'sd'ng" cd the the hien biing hiiih'aTih ban lay nang ddtraidal, chiec d ehe qua dja cau,.,.Sangtao den mde ddnao la thupc tri tudng tupng va tai nang cua hpc sinh, miln phan anh dupc ndi dung y tudng vakieh thich dupe hogl dpng tuduy eua chinh cae em (xem BDTD1) BDTD Mot hoc tap didp Hoac vdi de bai viet ve tinh hinh hpe tap d Idp, cd XhQduata BDTD So vol each trien khal hudng giai b^ng ghi chep thdng thudng kieu ggch y theo ehieu tuyen tinh, lap BOTD trudng hop phat huy nhimg uu diem sau: -Tiet kiem thdigian vi HS chi tap tnjng vao nhdng tijr khoa phan anh tinh than cua npidung minh dinh trien khai; - Thay duoe tdng the nhung van de dinh trid'n khal ciJng nhu chi tiel tdng van de nhd kien lao nen ytudng tmng tam;-Tdchdc tdt van denhddudng lien ketglOacacytudngvd1nhau;-M6iBDTD bao gid eung gom nhieu nhanh nhd toa Id mot trung lam, Dieu tgo dieu kien thugn lpi cho HS lua ehpn dupc phgm vi dap an dung trudng hpp bai tap can su li/a chpn dap an nhat; hoac lupc bd dupe nhdngchitietrudmra,kh6ngeanthietkhiphaitaolap van ban thlhien dan vj kien thde vda hpe; - Moi BDTD datuang duang vdimptdanyehitieL Song so vdi dan y, BDTD kich thieh HS sanf tao han, phat huy dupe nhieu ytudng theo mpi chieu sau rpng ma giam' thieu (ki - 8/2013) - tdi da su bd sdt nhdngf(^uantrpng;-St/kdt ndi BOTD the hidn ph^n nao sus^p xep ytudng Vi the, nhin vao BOTD, HS cdthe Ihay dupe yjdn, y nhd ro rang, khdng mat thdigian vacdng sde sap xep Igl nhu lam mdt dan y tuyen tinh Phat trien BDTD ldl giai Hoan 6i/D'ci'-/.ap S£)ro, HS da ed hudng giai eho bai tap luyen tap thue hanh Td ph^n khung nay, cac em vSn dyng cac kT nang ngdn ngu" cua minh de xay dung bai viet hoan chinh Tuy theo nang lucmasan pham Id cung mdl khung BOTD cd the khac d mdi HS day, cd the gpi y hai hudng phat trien ca ban td BDTD Idi giai: 1) Hudng thii nhat- danh cho cac dang bai tap lua ehpn dap an: HS thye hien khoanh vung pham vi thich hpp tren BOTD nhu bude phan dng dyng BOTD vao dgy hpc li thuyet Tiep do, dien giaisi/ phan tich linh hudng eua minh b§ng Idi cy the, Ching han: Bai tap - Ti/ngon ngd chung den ldi noi ca nhan (tigu van 11, tap 1, trang 36): Trong nhdng cau tha sau td "xuan" dugc dung theo sti sang tao cua moi nha the nhlf the nao? Hay phan tich nghia cua tdxuan ldi tha cua moi nguai • Ngan noixuan dixuan lailai{H6 Xuan Huong, Tutinh -bai II) • Canh xuan da be clio ngi/(^ chuyen lay (HquYen Du, Tnjyen Kieu] • Chen quynh tuang am ip bau xuan (Nguyen Khuyen, Khoc Duang Khue) - MiJa xuan la Tet cay/Lam cho da't ntrdc cang cang xuan (Ho Ch'\M\nh] MS lap BBTD va khoanh viing nhu dudi day de tim )/ nghTa cua tiy "xuan" cho ngi? Il^u cudi ciing; "Mua xuan la lei ciu - Lam cho dat nudc cang cang xuad': L6i giai: Trong ngiJ lieu "Miia xuan la Tet cay • Lam cho dat nudc cang cang miff Mo Q\8 3a s\id\ing hai ian ti} "xuan" vdi nghTa khac nhau, "Xuein" thiJ nhat ket hop v6\ "mua" phia tru6c tao nen nghTa goc cho 111: mgt Tqp chi Gido due so 315 33 mua Irong nim khaidau oho nSm No gpi den cho ngudi dQC hinh anh ctia su dua nd n/c rd, dam chdi l^c d co cay, hoa la,.„ Oat ttr "xutin" thu' hai toan bp cau tho, ket hqp v6i each hieu v l ti) "xuSn" diu tl&n nay, co thd thS^y str sang tao cua tac gia: "xuan" cung co nghTa la td't lual, phat Irien; str tdt tuol cua thi§n nhi§n mang ddn su phat trien cho da't nirdc 2) Hudng thuhal- danh cho cac bai t^p sang tgo hoan toan, tue la cae bai tap tgo lap van ban: Iren eP sdBDTD dacd, HS lua ehpn nhung nhanh ma minh thay phu hop nhat vdi npi dung yeu cau cua bai tap va logi bd bdt nhung y cd the rudm ra, khdng can IhieL Xem xet muc dai/ngSn, dai cuong/chi liet eua de bai de phat trien va sudung phu hpp nhung y da then khai duped ban dd nhlkhuphd'ffi9hi$n Sau phan khaim^c, HS loan tn/dUg Mm s^ch khu bing each mu dqn quet rac, dot ric,-.; ddng thditiSh hanh cac ho^t dgng luyen ^yennhuphattd rai, phit Ket qua lam vi$c se dugc dinh^gia theo ba ci'p: ca nhin, tovi Idp hgc Nhdng ca nhan hay^ thi CO Ihinh lich loi, nhlgt tinh 0nh than tach nhigm cao dugc Doan tmdng xem xel khen Otudng: tuyen duang hoa cgng diim ren luyin cudi hgc kl DiLi kinlim va cac hoat dgng hudng dng diin thuin Igi, Doin tn/dng phin cong cong tie chuin bjcho mgt so Idp vi khd'i Idp CiJ Uii: hau tn/dng: 12A1,12A3;am Ihanh: 12A4; tuyen tmyen: 10A2, 10A5; ghi'ngol: loan khdi 11 Tran trgng thong baol So vdi dogn van a tren, viec dgt yeu eau dp dai Idn han rd rang eho phep vdi dogn van nay, HS cdthe Vi dg: Cung vol de bai: "Hay vie't mot thong bao ngin khal thac tdt han nhung gi da xay dung dupc cho cac ban HS toan tn/dng biet ve hoat dgng lam s^chmoi BOTD Hau hetmpi ytudng deu da duac v|n dgng va tniang nhan Ngay Moi tnrdng the gidi(chtJ y den suphu hgp phat trien ldi van cu the gida Idi thdng bao voi ddi tugng giao tiep ngi dung, muc dich va hoan cdnh giao tiepj' [Hoat dgng giao tiep bing Nhin chung, sudyng BDTD viee giai quyet ngon ngu' Hgii van 10, tap 1), theo yeu cau bo sung cua GVve dai van ban ma HS CO the phat trien BDTD cac bai tap luyen tap thuc hanh giup HS: - Phattrieh t£u da tri ludng tupng de m d rpng vain de, khdng bj gd ep mu'c ptiu tiop, Thd neu mpt vai gia djnh nhu sau: + Dp dai van ban 7-10 cau.De humg ung Moi vao bat ki khudn m au nao; - Thiet lap dupc m a quan he giL?a eacy tudng;-Tddd, HScdtheket hpp Tji^j tn/dng the giai Doan tmdng tmng hgc phothdng Chu Van Vietva Lam van mdt each hieu qua han Q An xin thdng bao tai cac ban HS mgt so hoat dong tieu bieu nhu sau: L e id niem se dien vao buoi sang tai san tnrdng vdisi/tham gia cua dong dao Quy thay cd, cac ban HS vaTai U£u tham lUiao dai dien Ban phu huynh Sau Le khai mac, HS loan In/dng1 T Buzan B i n d6 tirduy troDg cOng vi#c (Mindmaps lam saeh l^hupho bing each Ihu dgn quetrac ddlrac, ;at work) New Thinking Group djch NXB Laodpng • dong Ihdi lien hanh cac hoal dgng tuyen truyen nhu phat td Xd hdi H 2009 rai, phat thanh, Kel qua lam viec se dugc danh gia T Buzan L$p ban d6 tir NXB Lao d^ng Iheo ba cap: ca nhan, tdva Idp hgc Doin tnfdng sexem xet Xa h^i H 2009 khen thuang nhung ca nhan, tap the nhiet linh co trach B, Deporter Phutmg phiip hpc tSp sieu td'e NXB nhiem Ve cdng lac chuan bi hau irudng, am ihanh, luyen Tri thiic, H 2007 truyen, de nghj ldp truang cac lap lien he vai Doan in/dng Va Cao D^m Phuong phdp \ukn nghiSn cihi khoa debiei them chi tiet hpc NXB Thi gidi, H 2008 Tran Irgng thong bao' Vdi yeu cau dai van ban la 7-10 cau, nhin chung Lam Quang Thi$p "MtJc dich, npi dung, phuxmg phSp d?y vh hgc d d^i hpc irong thdi ki mdi" Tgp ch! ngudl viet mdi chi khai Ihac noi dung tren mde bao quat, phat trien nhanh chinh va nhanh phij ihd nha't cua BD TDGido dfic, s6' 118 thing 7/2005 Cac dan vi thugc nhanh phu thd hai cung dugc de c4p tdi nhung chua nhieu SUMMARY + Dp dai van ban: 10-15 cau: Nhan Moi tnfdng Today, 'mind-map" has been playing its roles in the gidi, Doan In/dng tmng hgc thong Chu Vin An semany different fields In education and teaching, mftd td chdc Li ki niem va phat dgng mat so hoat dgng tap the.maps are regarded as extremely effective tools to Ndl dung chi tiet nhu sau: Leki niem dugc to chdc vao buoirecord and remember laiowledge Teaching Vietnamsang tai san tmdng vol sutham gla cua dong dao Quy thayese in practice requires teachers to know how to orCO, cac b^nHSvad^i dien Ban pht^ huynh Md dau bum li,ganize classes well, using methods, measures and forms in a flexible way Applying mind-maps in this thay Hieu In/mg se co bai phat bieu, dgng vien Tiep laHeld Is supposed to promote learners'proactive and chuang tnnh ca nhac dac sic cac b^n HS va nhom thieu positive factors 11 Tqp chi Gido due so 315 -(kil- 8/2013) ... tupng va tai nang cua hpc sinh, miln phan anh dupc ndi dung y tudng vakieh thich dupe hogl dpng tuduy eua chinh cae em (xem BDTD1) BDTD Mot hoc tap didp Hoac vdi de bai viet ve tinh hinh hpe tap... van denhddudng lien ketglOacacytudngvd1nhau;-M6iBDTD bao gid eung gom nhieu nhanh nhd toa Id mot trung lam, Dieu tgo dieu kien thugn lpi cho HS lua ehpn dupc phgm vi dap an dung trudng hpp bai... the, Ching han: Bai tap - Ti/ngon ngd chung den ldi noi ca nhan (tigu van 11, tap 1, trang 36): Trong nhdng cau tha sau td "xuan" dugc dung theo sti sang tao cua moi nha the nhlf the nao? 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