Hl/ONG DAN QUAN LI Sl^ DUNG II Siif DUNG PHirONG TIEN DAY HOC HIEN DAI NHAM NANG CAO HOAT DONG HOC TAP THEO NHOM TRONG DAY HOC VAT LY dTRirdNG TRUNG HOC PHO THOfSlG PGS TS Le Phu drc Lvgng Tru&ng DHNh[.]
Hl/ONG DAN QUAN LI Sl^ DUNG II Siif DUNG PHirONG TIEN DAY HOC HIEN DAI NHAM NANG CAO HOAT DONG HOC TAP THEO NHOM TRONG DAY HOC VAT LY dTRirdNG TRUNG HOC PHO THOfSlG PGS TS Le Phu-drc Lvgng - Tru&ng DHNha Trang m Thi My Phuomg - HVCH Tru&ng DHSP Hue Dat van de Trong cie trudng phd thdng hien nay, bmh thiie day hpe (DH) ehu yeu vin la thiy dpc frd chep, DH theo loi truyen thu kien thiie mot chieu, nhdi nhet kien thirc cho HS (HS) Ngudi day ehi chii frpng giang giii, tiidng bao kien thiic mdt each dinh san, cdn HS ehi nghe, ghi nhd vi nhic lai mdt each thu dpng Cach DH khdng phit huy dupe tinh tieh eye, ty lye, ty giac, ehil ddng, sing tao eiia HS Mac dil cd nhieu phuang phip day hpc (PPDH) tieh eye, frong dd cd DH theo nhdm - mdt phuang phip chii frong den sy tuong tic giua thiy vi frd, phit huy tdt tinh tich eye eiia HS da dupe giao vien (GV) sir dung frong DH nhung nhieu nguyen nhin khie van chua mang lai hieu qui cao frong viec phat huy dupe tinh tich eye, ty lye eiia HS frong hpe tip Trong DH vit li, phuong tien day hpe (PTDH) hien dai cd vai frd to Idn frong viec tao ddng CO, hiing thii hpe tip eho HS, md phdng cie hien tupng, qua trinh vit li Vi viy, su dung PTDH hien dai frong td chiie boat ddng hpc tip theo nhdm la bien phap hiiu hieu giiip GV td cliiic DH theo nhdm thinh edng, mang lai hieu qui cao frong DH Day h9c theo nhdm DH theo nhom Id mot hinh thitc to chiic DH, GV phdn chia HS thdnh nhung nhom nho di thuc hien cdc hoat dpng nhu thdo ludn, trao doi, gidi quyit vdn di, Kit qud ldm viec ciia nhom dugc trinh bdy vd ddnh gid tru&c todn l&p 2.1 Td chiirc, qudn li hogt dong nhom Viec phin chia nhdm vira tuin theo die diem tim li nhin thiie eiia HS vira phu thudc vio nhiem vu hpe tip cua HS Trong mdi nhdm phii cd phin cdng nhiem vu cu the, frich nhiem ciia mdi vien dupe xie dinh rd rang giao nhiem vu va dinh gii ket qui Mdi vien frong nhdm phii trye tiep tham gia boat ddng, chu ddng tim kiem, thu thip, xir li thdng tin Ddng thdi,frongqui ttinh boat dpng nhdm cic tiiinh vien phii cd ttich nhiem giiip dd, dpng vien lan de hoan thinh nhiem vu chung GV la ngudi td ehlic, hudng dan boat ddng cho HS tu minh ITnh bdi kien thiic chii khdng phii lim thay, khdng ap dit Nhiem vu cua GV frong gid DH theo nhdm li phii thiet kl cac hoat ddng hpe tip eu thi dl HS frong moi niidm giii quyet nhiem vu dit DH theo nhdm giiip eie vien frong nhdm chia se eic bin khoin, kinh nghiem eua bin thin va cimg xay dyng kien thiic mdi Vdi viec ndi nhiing dieu dang suy nghi, mdi ngudi cd tbi nhin trinh dd hieu biet eiia mrnh ve ehil de neu ra, thiy minh ein hpc hdi them gi Bii hpe frd qui trinh hpe hdi lin chit khdng phii li sy tilp nhan thy ddng tir GV Thinii cdng eua gid hpe theo nhdm phu thudc nhieu vao sy nhiet tinh tham gia vi ddng gdp cua eie thinh vien Do do, ed the xem nd la phuong phip DH ket hpp giua sy lam viee dde lip eua timg HS vdi chung eiia ei nhdm, ldp Trong boat ddng nhdm, tu tieh eye ciia HS dupe phit huy cao dp vi quanfrpngban li ren luyen dupe ky nang hpp tic lam viec giua eie thinh vien frong qui trinh hpc tip Viec phin nhdm ein thye hien eho GV ed the theo ddi, dinh gii, ddng thdi dim bio phit huy tinh tieh eye cua moi HS GV can dieu ehinh cho cd su cin bing ve trinh dp, nang lye hpc tip giiia HS eae nhdm vdi nham thiic diy mdi quan be hop tie, giiip dd lin nhaufronghpe tap giua eac thinh vien frong nhdm Cic van de GV dat cin phii phil hop vdi ndi dung vi dieu kien DH Khdng nen td chiie DH nhdm mdt each fran lan Trong mdt tiet hoc nen td chiic mot den hai lin cho HS boat dpng theo nhdm de tim bieu nhung ndi dung phu hop nhit Viec phin edng nhdm trudng, Ngdy nhdn bdi 13/7/2012: Ngdy duyel ddng 25/8/2012 TAP CHI THIFTBI GIAO DUC-SO 85-9/2012 • II H U Q N G DAN QUAN LI sir DUNG thu ki, ngudi bio eio cin thay ddi linh boat de mdi HS diu cd the phit huy vai frd ci nhin ciia minh GV giao nhiem vu cho cic nhdm vi theo ddi de cd the gilip da, dilu chinh kip thdi boat ddng cua mdi nhdm di diing hudng vi dinh gii ehinh xae ve sy ddng gdp eiia mdi ea nhin eiing nhu boat ddng chung cua ci nhdm Sau eie nbdrn bio eio, GV cin danh gii ket qui boat ddng eiia nhdm de ed nhiing dieu ehinh ein thiet eho eie tiet hpe nhdm sau 2.2 Ren luyen ky nang hgp tdc nhom Hien nay, nhieu HS d trudng phd thdng rut re, thu ddng, thd a vdi sinh boat nhdm, sinh boat tap the Do vay, GV cin ren luyen cho HS mdt sd ky ning hop tie nhdm nhu sau: Ky ndng hinh thdnh nhom: Sau dupe GV phin chia nhdm eu the, mdi thinh vien phii nhanh chdng tham gia vao nhdm va khdng giy dn io, mit frit ty ldp hpc Sau dd phii tham gia vao boat ddng nhdm, chii y vao nhiem vu dupe giao; ndi dii nghe khdng giy anh hudng nhdm khae; khuyin khieh cie vien khie tham gia; thye hien cie edng viee eua nhdm theo tiing budc Ky ndng giao tiip nhom: Khi giao tiep phii hudng tip trung vio vin de chii khdng phii tip trung vio ngudi, khdng chi trich y kiln, chdng lai, ngit Idi hoic phe phan ci nhan Phai biet ling nghe: giao tiep khdng chi nhim guti thdng tin nio dd cho mpi ngudi ma cdn phii ling nghe vi dap iing lai mot eieh 40 hieu qui y kien ciia ngudi khie Ngoii ra, HS phii chu ddng nhin frich nhiem doi vdi ndi dung vi y kien minh dua ra, khdng pen lan franh frich nhiem Dilu niy thi hien sy can dam, ty tin va tyfrpngeua ci nhin HS Ky ndng ton trpng vd tin tu&ng lan nhau: Sy tdn frpng dupe the hien qua viec niiin xet, danh gii mdt each nghiem tiic y kien cua ngudi khie Khi cd sy tin tudng lin thi HS se bde Id edi md ban ve nhiing suy nghT, cim nhin, y kien ciia minh Ngupe lai, HS se mit tip trung va khdng bao frong nhiing cude frao ddi, thio luin Vi viy, frong trudng hpp niy HS ein ed eie ky ning eo bin: biy td sy ung hd (anh mat, ve mat, git diu, ho hdi ); yeu eiu giiip dd ein thiet; sin sang giii thich hay lam rd them mot vin de nio dd; frin frpng thinh qua lim viec cua nhdm Ky ndng gidi quyit xung dot: HS phii cd eie ky ning can thiet de giii quyet eie bit ddng tihu sau: Kiem che bye tiie; te nhi khdng lim xiic pham ngudi khae; phe binh, binh luin y kien, ehii khdng binh luin ei nhin; phan ddi mdt each nhe nhing, khdng ehi trich lin 2.3 Bdnh gid ket qua ldm viec nhom Sau cie nhdm bio eio kit qui, GV cin dinh gii ket qui lim viee ciia nhdm de khuyen khich HS lam viec, dim bio sy edng bang cho mdi ea nhin, nhdm va thye hien dupe muc tieu lam viec theo nhdm Do dd, GV cd the td chiic dinh gii theo nhiing hmh thitc sau: • TAP CHI THIFTBI GIAO DUC-SO 85-9/2012 - HS ttt ddnh gid kit qud ldm viec cua nhom: Cin t?io CO hdi dl vienfrongmdi nhdm ty danh gia ket qui lam viee cua nhdm minh GV cin luu y kbi HS ty dinh gii phii budng eae em dinh gii d ei bai khia canh: nhin thiic va cich thuc ma nhdm lam viec (sy tham gia tich eye cita cac vien, sy hop tic, ling nghe y kien ciia ) Cdc nhom ddnh gid kit qud ldm viec cita nhau: Sau cd sy dinh gia, nhin xet ndi bd frong nhdm, GV yeu ciu tiing nhdm eir dai dien len trinh biy ket qui lim viee cua nhdm minh Tilp theo eae nhdm eir dai dien len kiem fra, nhin xet ket qua cheo nhau, vi du nhdm ed the kiem tra ket qua lam viec eiia nhdm 2, nhdm kiem fra ket qui lam viec ciia nhdm 3, nhdm kiem fra ket qui lam viec ciia nhdm 1, - GVddnh gid, nhgn xet kit qud ldm viec cua cdc nhorn: Cdng viee ed the tien hinh song song hoic sau di cd sy dinh gii giua cac nhdm vdi GV nen cimg kilm fra lai kit qua danh gii ciiaeie nhdm ed diing khdng? Chd nio dinh gii ehua dimg thi ein cbi eho HS toan ldp biet sai d diu va vi sai Ket qui lam viee eiia nhdm ed thi dupe GV sit dung dl eho diem eic thinh vien frong nhdm Sir dung PTDH hien dai viec ning cao DH nhom PTDH li cic phuang tien vat chat GV va HS sir dung dudi sy cbi dao ciia GV frong qui trinh DH, tao nhung dilu kien ein thiet nham dat dupe muc dich DH HUffNG DAN QUAN Li sir DUNG Hinh PTDH dupe phin hai loai: PTDH truyln thong vi PTDH bien dai PTDH truyln thdng li cie vit that ddi song vi ky thuit; cie thilt bi thi nghiem dung dl tiln banli cae thi nghiem eiia GV vi HS; cac md binh vit chit; bing vi phin; franh inh, bilu mau; sach giao khoa, sich bii tip, sach budng din thi nghiem, PTDH hien dai gdm hai khdi: khdi mang thdng tin nhu phim thi nghiem (phim nhya; phim tmyen hinh, ) cic bing hinh, bang easette, cie phan mem DH, mang internet Khoi ehuyen tai thdng tin nhu miy vi tinh (MVT), may chilu qua diu, may chieu da chite ning, den chieu slide, TV, dau Video, miy cassette, may chieu phim, camera, Trong qui ttinii DH cd the ket hop hai khdi thdng tin nhu: Sit dung phim silde ein phii ed may ehieu slide; sit dung bang dTa ghi hinh ein phii cd diu video, diu dTa VCD, MVT; su dung cac phin mem DH can thiet phii CO MVT; sir dung internet DH cin thiet cd MVT De sir dung cd hieu qua eae PTDH, GV can thilt phii hian thii eie nguyen tie xiy dyng kho tu lieu nhu sau: 1) Ddm bdo muc tiiu DH: GV phii nghien eiiu ki ndi dung bai Hinh hpc, tir eae khai niem, thudc tinh, quy luit, dinh li, deu phii nim vung bin eiiat, eiu tnie, cich bmh thanh, cich van dung, y nghTa va nang van dung cua ehiingfrongDH 2) Ddm bdo phu hgp v&i npi dung DH vd khd ndng cua HS Viec dim bio diing nguyen tie niy se kieh thieh biing thii, Idi keo dupe nhilu HS tham gia vio qua trinh boat ddng chiem ITnh tri thiic 3) Ddm bdo tinh su phgm phii hgp v&i viic to chite hogt dpng DH Tinh su pham d diy bao gdm: phii hop ve mat tim sinh li HS, sy tiie hien nhuin nhuyen sit dung edng nghe thdng tin 4) Ddm bdo tinh true quan, thdm my Dya fren bdn nguyen tie fren, ehiing tdi da tien hanh xiy dyng kho tu lieu PTDH ve eic franh inh, hinh ve; eae thi nghiem md phdng vi cae phim thi nghiem phuc vu eho DH Cic franh inh, binh ve dupe ehupfrongthyc te ve cie hien tupng, eic dung cu, eic tbi nghiem-, hoac dupe scan tir SGK hoac tit internet, Chiing la nhung "hinh inh tuih", nhung cd tic dung minh hpa sinh ddng ndi dung bai DH Tbi nghiem md phdng li nhiing thi nghiem dupe xiy dyng tir eae dung cu vi II ddi tupng md phdng fren ca so cie ddi tupng thyc Khi tien hanh thi nghiem cac ddi tupng md phdng dd se thu dupe nhung thude tinh, hay eic mdi quan he giiia cic ddi tupng Vdi thi nghiem md phdng, HS cd the quan sit dupe CO che ben ttong ciia cic bien tupng ma cae em khd cd the hinh dung dupe, hoae nhiing thi nghiem khdng thi thyc hien dupe Phim thi nghiem ed die dilm li hinh inh ddng, cd im nen ed vai trd quan trpng viec tao ddng co biing thii hpe tip cho HS vi hd tro die lye qua trinh DH nhu tao tinh budng hpe tip, dua eic hien tupng, qua trinh thue tl, Thi nghiem d hinh md ti each lim cho qua bdng dinh vao tudng Diy li doan phim vl umg dung ciia hien tupng nhiem dien ttong thye tl, dupe sii dung GV giao nhiem vu hpe tip cho nhdm phin eiing ed, van dung bai: "Dien tieh, Dinh luit Cu-ldng" Thi nghiem d hinh md ti nguyen tie boat ddng eiia dien nghiem, dupe sit dung kbi GV yeu eiu eie nhdm giii thieh vi hai li kim loai eua dien nghiem xoe ra? Trong qui trinh thye bien dl tai nghien eiiu, ehiing tdi da khai thic dupe mdt sd hinh itih, thi nghiem md phdng vi phim thi nghiem tir cie hien tupng, qua trinh thye tl, cie tbi nghiem ttong phdng thyc hinh, hoic nhiing doan phim tir CD, VCD, DVD dupe khai thic tu internet va eac ngudn khae lien quan den npi dung DH vi ho ttp eho viee td ehiie DH nhdm TAP CHI THIFTBI GIAO DUC-SO 85-9/2012 • II HUaNG DAN QUAN LI sir DUNG Mat khac, tir co sd ly luin DH va vdi vai ttd, ehiic ning ciia cie PTDH bien dai, chiing tdi da de xuit mdt sd phuong an sir dung eic PTDH ttong DH ehuong "Dien tich - Dien trudng", vit ly Idp 11 nhu sau: - Sic dung giai dogn niu nhiem vu: Trong DH nhdm, giai doan giao nhiem vu cho HS li giai doan GV Hinh dua vin de ein nghien ciiu va thdng bio hmh thiic nhdm boat ddng, ddng thdi giao nhiem vu cho cac nhdm Vi du: GV trinh chilu thi nghiem md phdng vl sy tuong tic eiia bai dien tich (Hinh 3) Sau Idii cho HS quan sat, GV neu len vin de cin tim bieu vi td chiic eho HS tien binh boat ddng nhdm, ttao ddi, thao luin cae ndi dung mi GV dua thdng qua phieu hpe tap (PHT) Sit dung PTDH hien dgi giai dogn ldm viic nhom: Diy li bude quan trpng, tinh tich eye eiia HS the hien rd d budc Sau nhin nhieni vu tir nhdm trudng, HS bit dau thao luin, phin tich, ttao ddi y kien vdi de di din mdt sy thdng nhat eudi cung Trong qui trinh thio luin, GV quan sat neu HS gap khd khan titn budng giii quylt GV cd thi ttinh chieu lai doan phim vi gpi y eho HS quan sat, phin tieh bien tupng de hoin nhiem vu tiieo diing thdi gian Vi du: GV ehieu md binh chuyen ddng ciia nguyen tir, vi sy tao ion duong, ion im (hinh 4) Khi thyc hien nhiem vu hpe tip, HS CO the gap khd khin de giai quyet vin de dupe giao qui trinh nguj^en tir mit va nhin eleetton dien nhanh, khdng quan sit kip, nen GV ed the trinh chilu lai eho HS quan sat va dimg lai d nhung doan phim cd hien tupng dien PHIEU HOC TAP Lap Em hay cho biet Cau 1: Dien tich la gi? Nhom Cau 2: Dien tlch diem la gi? Cau 3: Co may dien tlch? Do la nhiing loai dien tlch nao? Cau 4: Tuang tac gliia cac dien tlch xay nhu the nao? 'iA't tl • LyLoc Hinh' 42 • TAP CHI THIFTBI GIAO DUC-SO 85-9/2012 nhanh, giup HS hoin thinh nhiem vu nhanh chdng - Su dung PTDH hiin dgi giai dogn trinh bdy vd ddnh gid kit qud: Cac iihdm eir dai dien trinh bay kit qua eua nhdm minh trude ldp cd the trinh biy dudi dang PHT Viec trinh biy kit qui bing PHT ed tbi thyc hien thdng qua su dung miy cliilu gin vdi camera cd chiie nang ehup lai hinh inh GV nhin xet, bd Hl/QNG DAN QUAN LISU DUNG II ''•tiem, \\ sung va danh gii ket qua ndi dung kiln thiie HS vira trinh bay De giim kenh ehu, ting kenh hinh va eac md binh, GV ed the sii dung cie hitih anh minh hpa, eae so dd eiu tnie duac bieu diln bing eie phan mem de thay duoc moi quan he giua cae kien thiic Hon niia, thong qua MVT ket hpp miy chilu da phuong tien GV ed the ehieu true tiep dip an phieu hoc tip de tit ci cie nhdm HS diu nhin rd Vi du: Sau yeu ciu cic nhdm hoin thinh nhiem vu phieu hpc tip da giao, GV cd the trinh ehieu dip in bang so dd tu (hinh 5) Nhin vio cich trinh biy tdm tit ndi dung kien thiie bing sa dd tu duy, HS cd the quan sit true quan va de dang ghi nhd kiln thiie Kit luan DH theo nhdm la mdt phuong phap DH tieh eye, hudng vio HS, phit huy eao dp kha ning hop tic va giiip dd hpc tap lin Trong thdi dai nay, ky ning lam viec libdm li mot yeu td gdp TINHCHAT ,/ IDITONG sire DIEN-^ , Hmh phin quyet dinh edng cua mdi ci nhin Do do, ren luyen cho HS mdt sd ky nang lim viee nhdm se lam cho timg thinh vien quen din vdi sy phan edng lao ddng ttong xa bdi, phit trien tinh ban, y thirc td chlie ky luit, y thiic edng ddng, dip iing yeu eiu phit trien eua thdi dai Ddi vdi cie mdn hpe cd gin lien vdi thyc nghiem nhu vit li tbi viee sir dung PTDH hien dai de trinh ehieu, minh boa hoic md phdng eae thi nghiem, cie hien tupng, qua trinh vit ly li rit ein thilt Nhd eic PTDH bien dai vdi viee td chiic DH theo nhdm se giiip HS phit huy tinh tich eye, chii ddng va phat trien tu khoa hpe ttong bpc tip Vi viy, sii dung cic PTE)H hien dai ttong DH nhdm mot each thieh hpp se gdp phin ning cao chit lupng vi hieu qui eiia qui trinh DH hien thong NXB Giio due, H.2005 Td Xuin Giip Phuang tiin day hoc NXB Giao due, H.200b Phan Trpng Ngp Dgy hpc vd phuang phdp dgy hpc nhd tru&ng NXB Dai hpe Su pham, H.2005 Ngd Mmb Oanh Thiet hi dgy hpc hien dgi du&i goc nhin doi m&i npi dung vd phuang phdp dgy hpc, ttang 9-13 Ky yeu Hdi thio khoa hpe "Khai thic thiet bi day hpe hien dai phuc vu day bpc d trudng phd thdng", Vien Nghien ciiu giio due, Trudng Dai hoe Su pham TP.Hd Chi Minh, 2011 Summary The article talks about characteristics, roles of modern means of teaching through group work From this, it should suggest some ways to use modern means of teaching through group work in Tai lieu tham Idiao order to enhance teaching Le Van Giao Thi nghiem physics in senior high vd phuang tiin true quan schools nowadays dgy hpc Vgt li & tru&ng TAP CHI THIFTBI GIAO DUC-SO 85-9/2012 • 43 ... tham gia; thye hien cie edng viee eua nhdm theo tiing budc Ky ndng giao tiip nhom: Khi giao tiep phii hudng tip trung vio vin de chii khdng phii tip trung vio ngudi, khdng chi trich y kiln, chdng... bio sy edng bang cho mdi ea nhin, nhdm va thye hien dupe muc tieu lam viec theo nhdm Do dd, GV cd the td chiic dinh gii theo nhiing hmh thitc sau: • TAP CHI THIFTBI GIAO DUC-SO 85-9/2012 - HS ttt... de dang ghi nhd kiln thiie Kit luan DH theo nhdm la mdt phuong phap DH tieh eye, hudng vio HS, phit huy eao dp kha ning hop tic va giiip dd hpc tap lin Trong thdi dai nay, ky ning lam viec libdm