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MDT SO NGUYEN TAG SB DUNG PHUONG M DAY HOG TRGNG MON TOAN 6 TRUONG P H 6 THONG O ThS LE MINH CLfONG" TS T R A N T R U N G " 1 Sij dyng phuong tien dqy hpc (PTDH) dung vdi myc dich su phqm De dqt dupc[.]
MDT SO NGUYEN TAG SB DUNG PHUONG M DAY HOG TRGNG MON TOAN TRUONG P H THONG O Sij d y n g phuong tien d q y hpc (PTDH) dung vdi myc dich su phqm De dqt dupc myc dich cua vlec dqy hoc (DH) mdn Todn trudng phd thdng, gido vien (GV) thudng dung mpt sd phuong phdp dqy hpe (PPDH) tieh eye nhu DH khdm phd, phdt hien vd gidl quyet vd'n de, hpp tdc theo nhdm Viec DH dung cdc PP d d theo hudng vdn dijng ede PTDH trudc het phdi dqt dupe myc dfch cua viec dqy todn nhd trudng Id - Glup HS linh hdi, phdt trien vd ren luyen mdt h$ thdng kien thuc kl ndng thdi quen cdn thiet cho cupe sdng hdng ngdy; tiep tyc hpe tdp, tim hieu todn hpc vd hpe tdp, tim hieu cde mdn khoa hpe hope ede iTnh vye khde; - Hinh thdnh vd phdt trien cde phdm ehd't tu edn thiet eua ngudi cd hqc vd'n xd hdi hien dqi, cung nhOng phdm ehd't thdi quen khdc nhu tinh chfnh xdc, tfnh khoa hpc ; - G d p phdn quan trpng viec hien thyc hda khd ndng hinh thdnh the gidl quan khoa hqc qua hpc todn, hieu dupc bi/c tranh todn cdnh cua khoa hoe cung nhu khd ndng hinh thdnh mdt sd phdm ehdt khdc; - Hieu ro ngudn gd'c thuc Hen cua todn hoc vd vol trd cua nd qud trinh phdt trien vdn hod, vdn minh nhdn loqi eung vdi nhung tien bd khoa hoc kl thuqt Nguyen tdc ndy cung dya tren ca sd HS phdi ndm vijng cdc kien thirc vd mdt so kt ndng co bdn mdi cd the vdn dyng dupe cdc PTDH vdo qud trinh gidl todn Trong DH Todn, PTDH thudng dung de thyc hien y t i / d n g v d mye dfch suphqm: • Kfch thich su phd'n vd nhu cdu nhdn t h i k eua HS (khi gidl thieu vd'n de; chuyen tiep sang tinh hudng DH mdi; dn luyen, m d rdng, khdc sdu kien tbi>c; }; - Thu thdp tu lieu (qua quan sdt, dqc cde thdng sd duqc xud't hien tren PTDH) nhdm xdy dung nen kien thuc mdi ve su kien, hien tupng, qud trinh dang duqc hpe (qua xO If todn hpc vd tu tri tue); - Thu thdp tu Ifeu nham minh hqc v l su dOng ddn, ve muc chinh xdc vd dieu Tap chi Giao due so (ki -1/2012) ThS LE MINH C L f O N G " - TS T R A N T R U N G " kien dp dyng kien thi/c dd cd di/pc Qua dd Idm tdng Idng tin cOa HS dd'i vdi kien thue dd dupe hqc vd tqo dieu kien de HS biet cdeh dp dung kien thuc dd Ti> dd, cd the thdy rdng tu thiet ke bdi hoc (soqn thdo gido dn) GV dd phdi khdng djnh y tudng, myc dfch su phqm md PTDH se phyevy Cd nhu vdy mdi xdc djnh dung quy trinh sudyng PTDH Su d y n g PTDH phu hop vdi ndi dung b d i hpc Viee xdy dyng vd sudyng cdc PTDH phdi ddm bdo su tdn trpng vd ke thua ehuong trinh, SGK hien hdnh Chucmg trinh vd SGK mdn Todn dupc xdy dyng tren eo sd ke thua nhilrng kinh nghiem tien tien d vd ngodi nude, theo mpt he thd'ng quan diem nhd't qudn ve phuong dien todn hoc cung nhu ve phucmg dien su phqm, thye hien thd'ng nhd't phqm vi todn qud'c nhieu ndm vd duqc dieu chinh nhieu Idn cho phu hop vdi thue tien gido dye d nude to Trong he thd'ng cdc PTDH ndi chung, SGK todn chlem vi tri trung tdm Id hqt nhdn Vi vdy, DH theo hudng van dyng cdc PTDH phdi phu hop vdi chuong trinh SGK hien hdnh; khoi thde triet de nhung tinh hudng cdn dn tdng SGK se thuc hien duoc myc dich ctja g i d dqy todn Thdng thudng mpt PTDH cd the dupc si} dyng DH mpt so nql dung kien thuc khde Ngirorc Iqi, vdi mdt npi dung kien tht>c cy the, cd the su dyng nhieu PTDH khde Do d d , GV ed the edn cu vdo dieu kien cy the (y thuc, sd trirdng cua ed nhdn; trang thiet bj vd co sd vdt ehd't eua nhd trudng; dieu kien dja If, kinh te, Ijch st>, xd hdi cua dja phuong; ) de lua chqn FTDH cho phu hpp vol npi dung vd nhd dd su dung nd se dem Iqi tde dyng vd hieu qud cao nhdt ' Tnfiiinf! 6ai hoc Bong Thap " Tniung Dir bl dai hi^c dan toe S^m Sun Theo quan diem eua chu nghla vdt bien ehung thi qud trinh nhdn thi/c phdi dl tu trye quan sinh dpng den tu truu tupng sou d d trd Iqi thyc tien kiem chung Chinh vt vdy, tien trinh DH cdn phdi tdng cudng cdc yeu to thue tien Ndi cdeh khdc, phdi cd sy tuong quan hop If g\ua cdc tde ddng bdng Idi ndi cuo GV vdi cdc PTDH Chfnh cdc PTDH se giup hinh thdnh nhi/ng bleu tucmg cy the kf uc eua HS Cdc khdi niem vd djnh I'h thudng duqc hinh thdnh tren co sd cdc bleu tuqng vd chfnh cdc bleu tupng Id dieu de gpi nhd nhd't cdn huy ddng nhOng kig'n thuc sdn ed Sl) d y n g PTDH d u n g thdi diem PTDH thudng kfch thfch vdo ede gide quan cuo HS, giup HS nhdn nhirng ddu hieu be ngodi cua hien tuqng, nhung quan he giua cdc bd phdn eijo mpt qud trinh ndo dd Do vdy, neu dua PTDH khdng dung thdi diem edn thiet thi se Idm cho HS phdn tdn sy chu y, thdm chi gdy nen tinh trqng mdt tdp trung cao dp vdo bdi gidng GV chi nen st> dyng PTDH HS dang ed sy chd dqi, su mong mud'n nhd't (sou GV d d gpi vd'n de, HS dd thd'y ro cdn cd PTDH mdi hi vqng gidi quyet duoc vd'n de) Luc dd HS tdp trung vdo viec quan sdt, theo ddi vol mot trqng thdi tdm If phd'n cao Trudng hop edn su dyng nhieu PTDH tiet hpc, tdt nhdt Id GV chi cho PTDH xud't hi§n theo tien trinh DH St) dyng PTDH ndo thi duo PTDH dd ra, nhung PTDH chua duoc dung den thi nen de d hdu trudng cho HS khdng nhin thdy Neu khdng ed dieu kien ve khdng gian de thue hien dieu dd thi GV cdn cd vdt lieu de che khudtcdc PTDH dupc su dyng vd yeu cdu HS chi tdp trung chu y vdo PTDH dong dupc nghien cuu, dang dupc trinh dien PTDH phdi duqc xdp xep, bd' tri dung tdm quan sdt cua HS cd Idp Ngodi cdc PTDH duqc sir dyng tren Idp Het hqc, cdn cd cdc PTDH duqc su dyng cde hoqt ddng ngoqi khdo, g i d nghf, trien Idm Dd'i vol ede PTDH ndy cung cdn cd sy sdp xep theo mdt trdt ty hop li nhd't de HS quan sdt (hoqc duqc phep su dyng) dqt hieu qud cao nhd't Viec si> dyng PTDH phdi duo tren djnh hudng ddi mdi PPDH hien nay, dd ddng ehtj y Id phdi tqo eho HS mdt mdi trudng hoqt ddng tfch eye, ty gidc De ren luyen eho HS khd ndng si> dyng PTDH, trudc het phdi ddi mdi nhdn thuc v l vol trd, chi/c ndng eua GV qud trinh DH GV phdi Id ngudi hudng ddn, to chuc cho HS tu minh khdm phd kien thuc mdi Thdng qua cdc PTDH dqy cho HS khdng chi kien thuc md ed PP hpc dd cot Idi Id PP ty hpc trudng THPT, thdng quo DH todn edn quan tdm tdi PP true quan nhdm tqo cho HS thu tien hdnh cdc hoqt dpng todn hpc, ty gIde Hm tdi kien thiJC mdi Thdng qua ede hinh dnh true quan, GV tpo ro eho HS nhung tinh hudng ed vd'n d l , de hp hoqt dpng ty gide nhdm gidl quyet vd'n de ddt ro Thdng qua d d , HS Ifnh hpi tri thue, ren luyen kT ndng vd dqt duqc nhung myc dfch hpe tqp khde Kieu DH ndy phu hop vdi tfnh tu gidc vd tfch eye vi nd kheu gqi dupc hoqt dpng hpc tdp vd cd tdc dyng gido dye dqy eho HS cdeh khdm phd, cdeh thi/c phdt hien, tiep edn vd gidi quyet vd'n de mdt cdeh khoa hoc Ddng thdi nd gdp phdn bdi dudng ngudi hqc nhCrng dure tfnh cdn thiet cua ngudi loo ddng sdng too, nhu due tfnh chu dpng, tfch eye, kien tri virat Wid, tfnh ke hoqch vd thdi quen tu kiem tra Nguyen tde ndy chi dqo ngudi GV si> dyng PTDH phdi huy ddng mpt he thd'ng PP tdc ddng lien tyc nhdm gpi md tu HS, td chuc hoat ddng nhdn thue cua HS theo quy trinh, tu d d HS cd y thuc tu gidc chu dqng hqc tdp, ed tinh than ham hieu biet, Hm tdi khdm phd Su d y n g PTDH dung cudng d o Viec su dyng PTDH cho dung cudng dp, trudng dp, xudt phdt tu nguyen tdc ddm bdo su vua sue, phu hqp vdi dpc diem tdm - sinh If vd ndng lye tinh hpi cua HS Cy the edn luu y nhung diem sou: - Khdng su dyng mdt PTDH mot thdi gian qud ddi, vi nhu vdy se gdy uc ehe eho hoqt ddng thdn kinh cuo HS, Idp HS edng nhd tudi thi thdi gian tdp trung ehu y tren mdt loqi PTDH cdng ngdn Do dd nen thay doi PTDH de Idi eudn sy chu y eua HS Trong DH mdn Todn, to ed the ket hqp tranh ve, tranh in, md hinh, phdn mem, mdt edeh xen ke; - Viec thay ddi hinh thuc si> dyng PTDH mdt Het hqc eung rd't cdn thiet: GV cd the bleu dien PTDH hoqc cho HS bieu d i i n hoqc st) dyng PTDH (dd cd su ehudn bj trudc dd'i vdi PTDH phuc tpp, de hdng hdc, de gdy tdc dyng phy); cd the six dyng PTDH dudi dqng thiet bj nghien cuu khdo sdt d l xdy dung kien thuc mdi vd ed the su dyng PTDH de minh hqa eho sy dung ddn cua kien thue dd biet ); - Khi Sl) dyng PTDH ndo d d , GV cung edn phdi vi>a ndm vung cd'u tqo, nguyen tde vdn hdnh cuo nd vua ludn xem xet khd ndng su dyng nd vdi cdc PTDH khdc mdt edch ddng bd theo nhung Tap chi Giao due so (k • 1/2012) hinh thuc khde nhau, nhUng thdi diem thfch hqp de Idi eudn su tqp trung chij y cua HS Viec si) dyng cdc PTDH phdi chu den viec HS ty luc khdm phd, dpc Idp Hm tdi phdt hien vd'n de vd doe Idp gidl quyet vd'n de Ddy Id hinh thue kfch thfch cdc em tiep tuc qud trinh nghien cuu, cung ed vd phdt hien nhung kien thuc mdi me sou g i d hqc Luc cd thdi gian, HS nghien ngdm, kiem nghiem cung nhu tdng hpp Iqi todn bd kien thue thu nhdn dupc tCr SGK, tu tu lieu, tu bqn be, GV Ket qud mot gid hpe khdng chf dupc ddnh gid d HS thu nhdn dupe khdi lupng tri thue phong phu, sdu sdc md quan trqng hon Id khd ndng vdn dyng nhung tri thuc dd vdo Hnh hudng cy the Chi ndo HS biet bien hda nhdo ndn nhung tri thue dd thu nhdn dupc, biet dieu khien st) dyng nd, gidi quyet tot mot vd'n de thi cde em mdi that su hieu thdu ddo vdn de vd Idm chu tri thuc eua minh Thdng qua hinh thuc ndy ndng lye cua HS duqc bqc Id todn dien vd quan trqng hem Id su bde Id ndy khdng cdn nhOng gpi y hudng ddn cua GV md hodn todn sy tu huy ddng vdn tri thuc cua HS De giup HS vdn dyng kien thi/e tdt, GV duo nhung vdn de vua mong tfnh khdi qudt, vua mang tinh hdp ddn goi td md, thu de HS tu luc khai thde, suy nghT tim tdi, phdt hien nhijng vd'n de mdi vd tu minh gidi quyet vdn de dd.G Van dung nguyen tac (3) Bill Minti Toan Tigng Viet & trung hoc phd thdng NXB Dgi hgc suphgm, H 2010 Tai lieu t h a m khao NguySn Ba Kim Phutnig phap day hpc mon loan NXB Dgi hpc suphgm H 2004 Dao Tam - TrSn Trung To chirc hoat dong n h a n thuc day hoc m8n loan 6" truDug trung hoc phd thSng NXB Dai hpc suphgm H 2010 Tran Trung Ung dting eong nghe thong tin vao day hoc mon toan trirong thSng NXB Gido ducVielNam H20I1 SUMMARY To ensure effect and efficiency of teaching equipment, besides the quality of the equipment, the use of teachers is very important This article introduces the principles of using teaching equipment according to the terms of pedagogical and psychological of students participating in the process of teaching moth at high school (Tiep theo trang 35) Bdng 2: Cdc kieu cdu tqo NP cua cdu TT Cac loai cau Cau dan Cac ki§u cau tao NP cua cau Cau dan binh thudnq Cau ddn dac biet Cau ghep Cau ghep sLt dung quan h? tu d§ not cac Vidu Chunq toi di hoc Tfiang gieng 2, Mua N i l bing mot quan he tir; Toi noi, no thi ISno nahe N6\ bSng cap quan he lil: Neu que anh co nhiiu dua thi que loi co nhieu mfa N6i bSng lis ho i/ng Toi cang thi no lai Cau ghep khong dung tir noi canq khoc to han Cau ghep dung dau phay Trdi mua nhu Injt nude, sam ch&p am am Cau ghep dung dau hai cham: Cd giao noi mai chunq vdn dyng ket hpp cdc thao tde, phuong Hen de viee DH npi dung Phdn lopi cdu theo edu tqo NP dqt hieu qud td'i uu nhd't • (1} Ho&ng Phe {chu biSn) Tu- di^n Ueng Viet NXB Dd Ndng 2005 (2) Le A - Nguyen Quang Ninli - Biii Minti Toan P h m n i g p h a p day hoc ti^ng Viet NXB Gido due H 1996 Tap chi Giao due s6 (ki -1/2012) Tai liSu t h a m khao Ngu-van (tap 1, 2) NXB GjdodHc.H 2003 N g i r v a n S ( t a p 1,2) NXB G/do J M C H 0 Ngu- p h a p ti^ng Vifet (tap 2) NXB Gido due, H.1992 SUMMARY Visual rule is one of basic rule in grammatical teaching This rule was expressed ta se di cam trai specifically following the specific aspects such as- using corpuses from actual communication, language of teachers, using patterns, diagrams, tobies like lively living documents help the conprehension of knowledge about grammar of students ore quick, effective Teaching the sentence following grammatical structure can use diagrams about pattern of single sentences, complex sentences, simple sentences which expand components, tables relate to grammatical aspect of sentence ... tdp trung ehu y tren mdt loqi PTDH cdng ngdn Do dd nen thay doi PTDH de Idi eudn sy chu y eua HS Trong DH mdn Todn, to ed the ket hqp tranh ve, tranh in, md hinh, phdn mem, mdt edeh xen ke; 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