TINH HUONG XUAT PHAT TRONG DAY HOC CAC MON KHOA HOC O TIEU HOC Ban lay nfln b$l (BTNB) Id phuong phdp |PP| di/a trfin co sd cOa si/ Hm tdl nghifin ciiu, dp dyng cho vl$c gidng dqy cdc mdn khoo hoc lv[.]
TINH HUONG XUAT PHAT TRONG DAY HOC CAC MON KHOA HOC O TIEU HOC Q B an lay nfln b$l (BTNB) Id phuong phdp |PP| di/a trfin co sd cOa si/ Hm tdl - nghifin ciiu, dp dyng cho vl$c gidng dqy cdc mdn khoo hoc lv nhifin Ddv Id PP hlnh thdnh ki^n thijc cho hpc sinh (I^S), audi si/ gi6p 6d cOo gido vlfin (GV) Thdng qua v i ^ ll^n hdnh ihi nghldm, quon sdl, nghifin ciru ldl ll^u, difiu Ira, chlnh HS sfi Id ngudi lim cdu Ird Idl cho nhOng vd'n dfi dut?c dOI Irong cuOc sd'ng Tinh hud'ng xud't phdt (THXP) PP BTNB THXP cdn gpl Id llnh hud'ng nfiu vd'n d l (budc dSu lifin Irong lifin Irlnh su phqm PP BTNB| Ddy Id llnh hu^ng GV chO d^ng dua nhu Id mdt cdch dSn nh^p vdo bdl hqc Vdl PP BTNB, THXP phdl ng^n gqn, g^n gOI vd d l hllu vdl HS vd duqc \6ng ghfip cdu hdi nfiu v^n d l (CHNVOI Cdu hdl cdng ro rdng ihl vlfic dSn nhdp cdng d l Tuy nhifin, luy vdo kifi'n ihuc vd tong Irudng hop ci/ t h l , khdng nhd'l ihlll phdl cd THXP mdi d l xud't CHI^VD GV cd i h l khdng cfin THXP md vSn ddl CHNVD cho bdl hoc, gql md, dSn ddl bdl hqc Nhu vdy, CHNVD Id cdu hdl kSn cuo bdl hoc, cuo module kiln ihuc md HS s§ duqc hqc Vi ihl, CHNVD phdi phu hqp vdl Irlnh dd ci5a HS, kich ihfch duqc tinh Id md, khdm phd cOa cdc em Iron^ qua trinh iTnh h^i kiln ihuc Vi di/: GV cd i h l bdt ofiu dqy hoot d^ng lim hiiu ve hfi co ci5a co ihl (Bdi 3:«H8 « / • (Tv nhlfin-Xa hdi 2) bdng CHNVD sou: Theoem, Irong caihScbOng la c6nbOng tool CO nao? (Khdng can THXP vSn cd i h l dan vdo CHNVD) ho?c dqy hoql dqng fim hiiu v l sv hlnh thdnh cOa mdy vd muo (Bdi 22: «Alay (Juqc hlnh Ihdnh nhv ihi ndo? Mua *i> ddu rcg" (Khoa hqc 4), GV cd I h l d ^ CHNVD cho bdi hqc nhu: Theo em, may duoc hlnh ihanh nhu ihi ndo? Mua (i>di5oro? Trong qud Irlnh Irl&i khoi, dp dyng PP BTNB vdo gidng dqy cdc mdn khoa hqc d c6p niu hqc, chOng Idi n h ^ ihdiy, GVrSIOnglunglrongviScxdy dvng THXP VI thl, GV nfin luu >• m^l sSvan d l sou: 11 THXP chua di/ng nhOng n^l dung klin Tap Ehi 6lao due so (u i • n/aon) ThS N G U Y E N TH| THANH H U O N G ' rfiuc llBn quan din hoql d0ng cSn llm hliu Vt dv 1: D l tim hiiu cdc bd phdn bfin ngodl CO thl cd (bdi: « C d ' (Tv nhifin-Xa h«i 3), GV dd dua THXP nhu sou: cho HS nghe vd hdl theo bdl «Cd vdng bal Irong hi nude" vd hdl: Bdl hdt ndl v l gl? (HS: Con cd) Sou dd, GV cho HS xem doqn phim v l cd heo D l kit ihuc THXP, GV gldl ihlSu vdi HS bdl se hqc hdm nov: Cd Vi dv trfin cho thd'y THXP md GV duo chua ddm bdo duqc cdc yfiu cdu cOa mot THXP: -Vdi hogl ^ng Hm hliu cdc bd phqn bSn ngodl CO rfil cd rill frong budc lien hdnh ihf nghffim llm ldl • nghlSn ciiu (TNTT-NC), HS se liln hdnh hoql d$na TNTT-NC b^ng phuong phdp quon sdl vdl rildtld cdc cd vdl cdc hlnh ddng, mdu sdc khdc VI vdy, ngoy to THXP, GV Ithdng nfin cho HS xem doqn phim v l cd heo Qua vific xem doqn phfm, HS se biet cdc bd phdn bfin ngodi cCia mdf cd (tuy cd neo cd kndc vdl cdc cd khdc v l hlnh ddng d vdi dilm nhd) - Trong THXP nfiu frSn, GV cho HS nghe vd hdt fheo bdi hdt Cd vdng bal Irong bi nude vd dua ro cdu hdi nhu tren Id phu hqp Tuy nhien, THXP trfin Iqi khong cd CHNVD cho hoqt dfing llm hiiu cdc bq phdn bfin ngodl cOo corill cd Vi vdy, THXP ndy se khdng dan din hoqt ddng lilp Iheo Id hlnh thdnh bleu hjqng ban diu (BTBD) (nhung suy nghl ban dfiu cOa HS v l cdc bd phqn bfin ngodi cuo co i h l cd) Viau 2: D l fim hllu cd'u Iqo bfin cuo hql (bdi:«Cay mpc fen » hql" (Khoa hpc 5), GV phdl cho moi em hqt ddu dd duqc ngdm nude vd duqc tdch Idm ddi vd yfiu cau HS quon sdl Sou dd GV hdi: Tifieo em, cd gl bSn Irong hql dqu?Tu CHNVD ndy, GV sfi dSn HS d i n budc 2: Irinh bdy BTBD Qua vi dv cd i h l rii^, THXP GV dua ro chua phu hpp vdi cdc yfiu cau ve THXP cOa PP BTNB vl HS dfiu dd duqc Idm vlfic vdi vdl thdt (quon sdt hqt ddu Idch Idm ddi) tnidc trinh bdy BTBD cuo minh v l vd'n de can fim hllu Do dd, cdc BTBD * nitng CiMT Olltn Tliaiiil Kili • U l i i i l cua HS la hoan todn dung Trong hvdmg hqp nhu vqy, c6c bu6c H^p theo cOa tl^n h-inh gidng dqy b i n g PP BTNB khdng c6n phu hqp 2} Ddt CHNVD khdng sdt vdl n^l dung cdn tim hidu Trong THXP, n^u GV dua THXP vd CHNVD phu hqp di 6&n ddt HS vdo bdi hqc thi sS thu0n Iql hon cho ngudi dqy cdc budc tl^p theo cua tl^n frinh, y 66 gidng dqy cua GV s5 duqc ddm bdo Tuv nhlSn, vfin c6 hvdng hqp GV dua CHNVD khdng sdt vdl n$i dung cfin Hm hi^u cue bdl hqc, dfin difn nhOng BTBD vd nhffng cdu hdl cua HS df^t khdng phu hqp Didu ndy gdy khd khdn che GV frong v l ^ gidng dqy D^ tim hl^u vd cdc tinh chdt cua cao su (bdl: «Cao SiT {Khoa hqc 5)); tinh ddn hfii, it b| bi^n dd'i Ichi g$p ndng Iqnh; cdch d l ^ n , cdch nhl^t; khdng tan nude, tan m$t s£f chd't Idng khdcj, GV dua ro THXP nhu sou: • Y6u cdu HS niu m$t sd'vl di^ vi cdc v^t Idm b^ng cao su: l^p xe coo su, ddy su bu$c tdc, qud bdng vd hdl: «5m bidtgi vi cao su?" Vdl tinh huong n§u van d4 nhu frSn, HS cd th^ cd nhllu y k i ^ (BTBD) khdc nhou nhu: cao su ldm h> cdy coo su, cao su cd mdu trdng, coo su rd't cd ich vdi ngudi, cao su cd t h l ldng, coo su khdng cd mul vo khdng c6 mqt hlnh dqng nhd't djnh, coo su rd't ddy, coo su rat d l bj thung gdp dinh Nhi/ng BTBD nhu vdy gdy khd khdn cho ngudi dqy frong viec long ket thong tin nhung n ^ GV cd cdch Idm khdc thi bdi dqy s5 dgt ySu cdu THXP cd t h l Id: - Y§u cdu HS neu mqt so vf dy ve cdc v^t Idm bdng cao su: lop xe coo su, ddy su b u ^ tdc vd hdl: «Em biet gi v4 tinh chdt eua eao su?" Vdi tinh hudng vd CHNVD nhu tr&n, cdc BTBD cua HS chi tqp frung vdo Hnh chdt cuo cao su, ti> d d , cdc cdu hdi HS ddt cung phu h9p vdl mvc Heu cua hoqt dqng dqy 3} Xdy dgng THXP dga tin kli'n thue cua bdl eu: Vdi nhung bdl hpc thuqc cung m$t chu d l , n^l dung ciJo bdl hqc cO vd bdl hqc mdl thudng lien lauon vol nhou Do do, GV co the' si> dyng nhi>ng kien thue cua bdi cO de dan di5t vdo bdl hoc mdi, Ndl cdch khac, GV co t h l tCr viec k l l m tra bai cu de' dua THXP cho bol hoc moi Vi dy: bdi : «Am thanh" (Khoa hqc 4} HS da biet duqc am thonh cdc vqt rung dqng phat va lai nguol nghe duqc am Id rung dpng tu vqt phdt am rol truyen den tai Sang odl , HS Hm hleu ve su Ion truyen dm (dm cd the truyen khdng khi, quo chdt Idng, rdn ) Do vqy, GV c6 the dua vdo bdl hqc cO d l d v a THXP cho bdl mdi nhu sou: - Kidm tra bdl eO: GV yfiu cdu 1-2 HS Ign bdng md td thl nghl0m d l chi>ng td dm cdc v^t rung d^ng phdt GV ndl: Tql saota cd t h l nghe thdy duqc dm thanh? (HS: vl tai to nghe 6uge si/ rung d$ng ciia v^t ); - THXP eho bdi mdl: - GV: Q u a cdc thl nghldm md bqn vua md td, cdc em d d b i l t dm d o cdc vdt rung d$ng phdt Tai la nghe du v^t phdt dm lan truyin qua cdc mdl trudng vd truyin d^n tol ta Vdy theo em, dm cd thd lan truyin qua cdc mdi tudng ndo? Ti> THXP bdt ddu bdng k i l n »hi>c cOa bdl hqc cu vd CHNVD cho bdl bqc mdi nhu frdn, GV bdt ddu cdc budc t l l p theo cOa t i l n frinh PP BTNB cho hoqt d$ng tim h l l u v l si; kin triivln dm thonh 4) Xdy dgng THXP dga vdo tu li$u SGK: SGK cdc mdn khoa nqc cdp h l u hqc hl^n c6 nhilu kSnh thdng Nn (kfinh hinh, kfinh chu) thuqn tt$n cho GV frong qud frinh xdy di/ng THXP GV cd t h l si> dgng kfinh chO (cdc cdu hdl) d l ddt CHNVD ho^c cd i h l si> dyng kfinh hlnh (cdc hlnh vg) d l Idvn THXP Vf dy: Khi dqy bdi : « M ^ / r d * ' ( T v nhlSnXd h $ i 2), GV cd t h l si> dyng cdu hdl cd sSn SGK d l Idm C H N V D : Bgn bli't gi vi Mdt trdl? hodc bdt: «Md/ trdng vd cde vi sao' (Tv nhifen-Xa h^l 2), GV cd t h l d^t CHNVD: Bgn bidt gi vi Mdt tdng? Bgn biet gi v4 nhOng ngdl tin bdu trdi? Hodc GV cd i h l sii dyrm ten de bdi d l Idm CHNVD cho bdl hoc, vf dy: dqy bdl 22; Mdy dt/ge hinh thdnh nhu thd ndo? Mua to ddu ra? (Khoa hqc ) G V cOng cd t h l si> dyng cdc hinh vS frong SGK d l Idm THXP cho bdl dqy Vf dy: Khi dgy bdl Tgl ed gid? (Khoa hqc 4), d l llm h l l u sy hlnh thdnh cOa g i d , GV cd t h l scan hlnh sd vd - SGK- trang 74 cho HS quon sdl vd hdl: Nhd ddu Id cdy lay d ^ n g , d l l u boy? HS: nhd cd glo GV: V ^ / / q / s o o cdg/d?Ti>THXP v d C H N V D n h u fren, GV t l l p h^c cdc budc t l l p theo cua t i l n frinh de tim hie'u nol dung dgng THXP dua vdo tinh hud'ng thge ti' cua HS cugc sd'ng hdng ngdy ^ • Hinh vd trang 74 • KH Tap chi Glao due so (ki i - n/aoia) Thi/c ticudc sd'ng cOa HS Id m0t ngudn cung cd'p ihdng tin phong phu d l G V xdy di/ng THXP Dt/a vdo flnh hudng thi/c t l cua HS cudc sd'ng hSng ngdv de xdy di/ng THXP s3 mang Iqi si/ thu cno HS frong aud trtnh hqc tdp vl nhOng tlnhliud'ng duqc xdy di/ng hit si>c quen thudc frong cu§c sdng hdng ngdy cOa HS Vf dy: Khi dqy bdl 5: «Gff quan tiiu hda" (Ty nhifin-Xa h^i 2], d l Hm hieu dudng dl cua ihOc dn frong dng Hfiu hda vd tfin cOa cdc co quon Hfiu hda, GV cd ihl dua THXP dya vdo vdn sdng cOa HS nhir mdt m$t HS Ifin bdng dn m$l chile bdnh quy, sou dd cho udng cdc nude Iqc T l ^ din GV d a CHNVD: Theo em, bdn/i quy wi nude 50uiy)/Mio mling cua tqn A sS ddy, GV y6u odu HS ve vdo vd thf nghifim nhOng suy nghT cOa mlnh v l dudng dl cOa bdnh vd nude Irong ^ tifiu hda Bdi hqc sB tllp tye vdf cdc budc cdn Iql cOa PP BTNB THXP vd CHNVD Id mdt budc khdl ddu quan frqng d l dqv cdc mdn KH d tllu hqc theo PP BTNB Nfi'u Ihyc hi$n td'l budc ndy se kfeh thfch HS cd nhu cdu khdm phd, Hm kllm cdc phuemg dn gidi quylt vd'n d i G V ddt cdc em cdm thdy vdn d l dd cd y nghTa, cdn thifi't cho mlnh vd cdc em thdt sy cd nhu cdu Hm hifi'u, glol quyll nd Vl vdy, d l dqy hqc bdng PP BTNB, GV cdn dua duqc vd'n d l (cdu hdl), THXP hop, hrang thfch vdi Irlnh nhdn ihi/c cuo Nghlen cihi khoa hoc sir pham (Tldp theo tang 13) NCKHSPUD khdng chf Id cdng v i ^ cOo nhung nhd nghifin ei>u gido dye md dd td thdnh edng vific thudng xuyfin cOa gido vlfin, CBQL cdc nude frongldiu vyc nhu: Tmng Qudc, Singapore, Thdi Lan (l).«Hoq/ dgng NCKHSPUD Id m^t phdn qud tinh phdt tidn ehuyin mdn ct}a gido viin, cdn bg qudn li gido dt/c thd kl XXI Vdl NCKHSPUD, gido vlin, CBQL gido dt/c si Ah/j h$i cdc krndna mdi vi tim hidu thdng tin, gidi quydt vdn de, nhin Igl qud tinh, glao tldp vd hgp Idc" {];U).U HS Mdt THXP k6m theo CHNVD kfeh thfch nhu cdu tim hllu hqp If se gdp phdn thOc ddy vi$c dqy hqc bdng PP BTNB thdnh cdng, glup HS phdt trlln tu logic, frf tudng h/qng, ngdn ngQ vd bdl duang cho cdc em Hnh yfiu, nllm say mS khoa hqc,Ichdm phd frl fhuc.Q T&i llfu tham khtlo Ptittong pltdp bdn lay ndn bdt ung dfing vdo dgy /ipc mdn Klioa h(>c d trudng tigu /ipc Vl(t Nam (TM li^u t9p hu£[n duqc so^n thio phtfi hqp giOa Vy Tiiu h9C - BO GD-DT v& HOi Gjp go Vi$t Nam) T&i li$u hOi thSo giSng d^y khoa h(?c trudng hpc qutfc ttf td chtic tfii Paris - COng hOa Phfip thfing 5/ 2010, 5/2011 Tg nhien vft Xfi hOI 1, 2, NXB Gido dftc Vift Nam H.2010 Khoa hpc 4,5 NXB Gido d{tc H 2005 http://lamapvietnafn.edu.vn SUMMARY 'Hanc&-on'method k a scientific teac^^ method, conducted on the basis of Inquiring or researching The initiating situation and starting question are important first steps of the 'Hands-on' mettiod to stimulate students'interests In acquiring new knowledge, fiinlntliatIng situation accompanied by a reasonable quesHon will critically contribute to the success of the 'Handson ' teaching method Based on the analysis of popular mistakes by the teachers in developing Initiating situations, the article offers some suggestions to the t&actiers in preparing for Initiating situations (3) Thu tudng Chinh phii Quytft d(nh stf 711/QDTTg, ngiy 01/6/2012 phe duy^l Chi^n luqc phfit tri^n gifio dye 2011-2020 (4) Thu tudng Chinh phu Quytft djnh s6 418/QDTTg, ng^y 11/4/2012 phfi duy$t Chi^n lupc phfit tri^n khoa hpc v^ cOng ngh$ giai dofin 2011-2020 TAi li$u tham khdo VQ Cao D^m Phuvng phfip lu$n nghifin a h i khoa hpc (xu^t b&n ifin thii 13, cd chlnh li b6 sung) NXB Khoa hQC vd kl thu^l H 2005 BO GD-DT Kl ytfu HOi thio qutfc gia vfi khoa hpc gifio dye Vift Nam, thfing 2/2011 SUMMAItY Today, tie pedagogical scientific applications research Is not only the wori( of the education that It has become the regular wori< of the teachers and educational administrators; It has to be Ihe authority (1) Diftiti Vi$t Bi, BO GD&DT Nghifin cihi khoa hpc In the education sector in Vietnam teaching and fossirph^m ling di^ng NXB Dgi liQC suphgm; H 3/2010 tering students 'Faculty of management and staff of (2) BO GD-DT Ki yfiu HOi nghi tedagoglcal science r^eard^ appkxittons gifio dvc, thfing 10/2010 Tgp d l i Slao due s6 (ki i • n/aoiai # ... lupc phfit tri^n khoa hpc v^ cOng ngh$ giai dofin 2011-2020 TAi li$u tham khdo VQ Cao D^m Phuvng phfip lu$n nghifin a h i khoa hpc (xu^t b&n ifin thii 13, cd chlnh li b6 sung) NXB Khoa hQC vd kl... hinh thdnh nhu thd ndo? Mua to ddu ra? (Khoa hqc ) G V cOng cd t h l si> dyng cdc hinh vS frong SGK d l Idm THXP cho bdl dqy Vf dy: Khi dgy bdl Tgl ed gid? (Khoa hqc 4), d l llm h l l u sy hlnh... li$u hOi thSo giSng d^y khoa h(?c trudng hpc qutfc ttf td chtic tfii Paris - COng hOa Phfip thfing 5/ 2010, 5/2011 Tg nhien vft Xfi hOI 1, 2, NXB Gido dftc Vift Nam H.2010 Khoa hpc 4,5 NXB Gido