NBHIEN C0U Q GIAO DUG TRONG CHI SO PHAT TRIEN NGUfill VA Sir THAY DOI PHUONG PHAP TINH PGS TS NGUYEN TIEN BAT I DItvandl Bao cdo Phdt trien NgUdi {Human Development Report HDR) cda Chuang trinh Phit t[.]
NBHIEN C0U Q GIAO DUG TRONG CHI SO PHAT TRIEN NGUfill VA Sir THAY DOI PHUONG PHAP TINH PGS.TS NGUYEN TIEN BAT I.DItvandl Bao cdo Phdt trien NgUdi {Human Development Report - HDR) cda Chuang trinh Phit triln Liln hppflude UNDP da cd HDR 2014 [1], chl so Phdt trien Ngudt HDI md gilo due (GD) la thdnh phan ddng d i u cd vj tri quan PhUdng phdp mdi dung Bio d o sau nim 2010 duoc trlnh biy ki bai v i l t ndy Phuong phap cu trudc nam 2010 cd t h l xem Free Encyclopedia eOa Wikipedia t r l n Internet Su thay ddi nhllu lan cdng thdc tfnh clc chl sd khic v l tf If GD 25 ndm qua da tao dilu kifn so sinh chfnh xdc, hiln dai hon GD so sinh - mdt mdn hpc dang phdt triln d nude ta Bai viet dua bilu so sdnh chl sd Phdt triln Ngudl eua Vift Nam vdi nudc da tdng cd quan h i mdt thilt v l GD, vdn hda Ijch sd nUde ta la Trung Qudc, Lien Xd (hlln II Liln bang Nga), Ddc, Phap va MT Bing so sinh chf sd Phdt trien NgUdi cua Viet Nam vdi 187 nude tren t h l gidi hifn cd so lifu Phu iuc Thdng ke {StatisticalAnnex) eua HDR 2014 [2] Phuong phip mdi tmh ch) i6 Phat trien Ngirdi cao nhat v l ehi sd GD tren t h l gidi MYSI=12,8 nam tfnh El=0,979 Sd trung binh qua thap nhUng kl vpng cda ta q u i cao n i n chi sdGD mdi nlng eao nhu vay Viet Nam cd sd nam di hpc theo sd lifu mdi nhit cda HDR 2014 Id MYSI=5,5 nam va EYSNl 1,9 nam Tren the gidi, nUde cd trj sd eao nhat Id Ddc va Mi MYSI=12,9 nim, Oc EYSI=19,9 nam v l nUdc ed trj sd thap nhat Id Burkina Faso MYSI=1,3 nam va Eritrea EYSI=4,1 nam [3] So sdnh gida hai sd nim di hpe MYSI vd EYSI gida Vift Nam v l nUde trln t h l hiln rd Bdng Bdng USosdnh tri s6 ndm di hgc trung binh MYSI vd ki vong EYSI/thU hgng H gida Viet Nam va cdc nUdc Nga, DUc, Mi, Phdp, Trung Quoc NUdc Nga Ddc Mi Phdp Tmng Qudc Viet Nam MYSI/H 11,7/20 12,9/1 12,9/1 11,1/32 7,5/112 5,5/138 EYSI/H 14,0/64 16,3/18 16,5/13 16,0/24 12,9/93 11,9/121 %tang 19,6 26,4 27,9 44,1 72,0 111,9 Vift Nam Id nude nhit ed tl I I ting nhilu nhat trln 100% nude, hon nhilu 190 nudc t r l n X - (x) t h l gidi cd sd lilu Bao d o HDR 2014 Xet v l thd hang tren t h l gidi so vdi nude, Vift Nam thap nhit v l '">* ~ max (x) - (x) Trong dd: min(x), max(x] la trj sd quy udc nhd nhit sd nam di hpe trung binh MYSI nhung cao nhit v l sd nam di hpc ki vpng EYSI Nlu dat dupe ki vpng ndy v l Idn nhit cua biln sd x tuong lai thi n i n GD Vift Nam s l dat thinh tuu Idn, dap Ch! sd Phdt triln NgUdl {Human Devetopment index dng mong mdi ciia cac nha GD v l x l hdi HDI) Id chi sd tdng hpp trung blnh thdnh tUu dat duac b) Chls6lU&thg (Ufe Expectancy Index LEI) Id sd nim ba thdnh phin co bin cda sU phit triln ngudl Id mdt ngudi cd the ki vpng va tri cude sdng sudt thdi GD, tudi thp v l thu nhip Phuong phip luan tfnh todn chl gian t d cdn be d i n m i t di tfnh theo edng thde: sd da dupc UNDP sd dung td bdo cdo dau tien den bdo cao nam 2009 vd t i l p tuc cap nhdt eho den nay.Trong LE-20 LEI = Bdo cdo HDR 2010 in 4/9/2010 vd cap nhdt ngdy 85-20 10/5/2011, ba thdnh phan tren dupe d l cdp nhU sau: Trong dd: LE {Life Expectancy) Id tudi tho trung blnh a) Chi s6 GD [Education index El) dupe tinh bing cua mpi ngU^ mot nude; hai eon sd 85 vd 20 II sd trung blnh cpng cda ehi sd Ndm dl hoc trung binh (f\Aean du kiln tudi thp trung binh cao nhit vd thap nhat tren Year of Schooling index MYSI) vd ehi sd Ndm di hpc ki vpng t h l gift" Theo sd lifu cda HDR 2014, cao nhat I I Nhat Bin {Expected Year of Schooling Index EYSI), theo edng thdc: LE=83,6 nam va thap nhat la Sierra Leone LE= 45,6 n i m MYSI + EYSI Viet Nam cd sd tudi thp LE= 75,9 nam Nlu so sdnh El = vdi thd hang chl sdTudi thp LEI cda 187 nUde tren t h l gidi Id 139 thi Vift Nam vao loai dudi trung binh Nlu Trong dd: Chl sd Di hpc trung blnh tinh bing so sanh chl sd tudi thp vdi nude tren thi Vift Nam k i m MYSI/15 vd chl sd Oi hpc ki vpng tinh bing EYSI/18 Sd Phip, Ddc MT nhung hon Trung Qude va Nga c) Cbi so Thu nhdp {Income Index II) tfnh bing thu nam di hpe trung binh MYSI Id sd nam mdt ngudi tudi 25 ho$e Idn hon da hpc clc trudng Sd nam dl hpc ki nhdp tdng edng cda mdt n i n kinh t l tao bdi sdn xuat vpng EYSI I I sd n i m mdt t r i em tudi se hpe clc thudc quyln sd hdu cdc nhdn td sin xuat eua rilng mdt nudc, khdng k l d e thu nhip t d vile sd dung d e nhan trudng sudt cude ddi td dd thude quyln sd hdu cda phin cdn lai cda t h l gidi, Chl sd GD cda Vilt Nam tfnh El=0,782 so sdnh vdi ehuyin ddi thinh ddng dd la qude t l theo gid quy ddi, nude eao nhit v l MYSI=12,9 nim II Ddc vd MT tfnh chia cho ddn sd d tudi trung niln {Midyear population) El=0,901 va 0,908 Cao nhat ve EY5I=19,9 nam la Oc vd Cdng thde chung tfnh ehi sd X nhU sau: S6122-IHANG 11/2015* CQlNGHieNClJU Bieu so sanh chi sd Phat triln NgUdi Cdng thde tinh chi so Thu nhap 11 tit nam 1995 den d l thay doi ba lan, Oau tien, Arkinson de cdng Bieu dien ta su so sdnh chi sd Phat tnen Ngudi thdc phde tap vdl cac sd mu letheo mdc thu nhap thap ciia nudc xep theo chd cdi vdi dang cpt, Tren dinh moi cao cda nhdm nudc Nam 1999, Arnand va Sen dua cdt la tri sd HDI in dam va thdhang in nghieng, khdng dam mdt cdng thdc chung don gian dudi dang logarit, dUOc ciia nUdc dd d i tiln vd dung nhu sau: Xet ve thd hang tren the gicrt, so vdi nude, Viet Nam thap nhatve tri sd va thd hang HDI Trong 189 nUdc tren lQg(GDPqd)-log(iOO)x the gidi, so vdi mdc trung binh, Viet Nam han ve tri so logd 700)-log(100)x nhung kem ve thd hang, Dieu nhac nhd mpi ngudi lam Trong dd: GDPqd la sd quy doi ciia Tdng san pham GD va cac nganh khac phai phan dau vUon len Qude npi (Gross Domestic Product} Kit I uln VietNam hifn cd sd thu nhap GNI=4892 USD vdi thd Phuang phdp tinh chi sd Phat trien Ngudi HDI va hang 121 trfn the gidi Cao nhat la Qatar (tri sd 119029 cac phan GD, tudi thp, thu nhap da thay ddi nhieu USD, thdh^ng 1) va thap nhat la Cdng hda Dan chu Congo lan tdnam 1990 den Chuong trinh Phdt then Lien (trr sd 390 USD, thd hang 175), Xet ve thd hang Viet Nam, thudc loai dUdi trung binh it nhung tri so thudc loai dUdi hap qudc UNDP cdng bd Phu luc Thdng ke (Statistical Annex) hang nam ciia cdc nUdc tren the gidi PhUOng trung binh nhllu vi gan Congo va xa Qatar Chl s6 Plidt tnen Nguai tinh bang trung binh nhan phdp tinh cang hien dai, chi'nh xac va thuan tier cho viec so sanh GD giua cdc nUdc cda ba ehi sd tren theo cdng thdc: HDi = | / L l i l E I l I So sanh chi sd Phat trien Ngudi HDi gida Viet Nam Hien nay, Viet Nam cd tri sd HDI-0,638, xep thd va cdc nudc cd quan he nhieu ve GD dupc dien ta tren 121 thudc loai trung binh Iren the gidi, Hien nay, UNDP mdt bieu dd true quan Viec neu rd trj sd va thd hang ciia chia 187 nudc trln the gidi loai: Phat trien ngUdi cac nudc cho thay Viet Nam phai nd li/c phan dau, Viec so rit eao VHHD {Very High Human Development) gom 49 sdnh GD gom cac chi sd, ti If va sd lieu GD nen tien hanh nude, ed Mi, Ddc, Phap; Phat tnen ngUdi cao hang nam de thay dupc su phat trien GD ciia Viet Nam NHD {High Human Development) gdm 53 nudc, dd cd Nga, Trung Qudc; Phdt tnen ngUdi trung binh MHD so vdi cdc nudc khac {Medium Human Development) gdm 46 nUdc, dd cd Vift Nam; Phdt trien ngudi thap LHD {Very High TAI UEU THAM KHAO Human Development) gdm 43 nudc Vuon ien dat thd [1] UNDP {20] 4), Human Development Report, New hang vd xip loai cao hon ciia Phat trien Ngudi la viec York^Milan khd vcfi nhiiu nudcva Viet Nam [2] So sdnh GD Viet Nam vdi Bieu ddl-.So sdnh Chi so Phdt trien Ngudl HDI cua Viet Nam vdl cdc nudc DUc,cdc Mi,fiudc,(2015), NXB Bdch khoa Lien bang Nga, Phdp vd Trung Quoc Ha Npi [3] GD so sdnh (2014) NXB HDI Dai hpe Qudc gia, Ha Ndi [4] Bp GD&DT, (2015), Thong o!^14 H20 0.91 ke GD va dao tgo nam hqc 20130.S84 0.9 — 20M, Ha Ndi H57 0.778 0.8 — 0.719 mil 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 - — Out 6*KH0AHgCGlA0DyC My NgB Phap Tru ng Vift SUMMARY Method to calculate Human Development Index (HDI) witi) related components such as education, life expectancy and income facilitate development comparisonsbetween Vietnam and other countnes in the world, especially with the five countries of China, France, Russia, ermany and the US v/ith close relationship to education and culture These compar isons should be carried out annuallyin order to see educational improvement andeffortin Vietnam and other countries Keywords: Education; method: Human Development Index ... thd hang HDI Trong 189 nUdc tren lQg(GDPqd)-log(iOO)x the gidi, so vdi mdc trung binh, Viet Nam han ve tri so logd 700)-log(100)x nhung kem ve thd hang, Dieu nhac nhd mpi ngudi lam Trong dd: GDPqd...CQlNGHieNClJU Bieu so sanh chi sd Phat triln NgUdi Cdng thde tinh chi so Thu nhap 11 tit nam 1995 den d l thay doi ba lan, Oau tien, Arkinson de cdng Bieu dien ta su so sdnh chi sd Phat tnen Ngudi thdc... HDI va hang 121 trfn the gidi Cao nhat la Qatar (tri sd 119029 cac phan GD, tudi thp, thu nhap da thay ddi nhieu USD, thdh^ng 1) va thap nhat la Cdng hda Dan chu Congo lan tdnam 1990 den Chuong