NGHIEN Cliu C Q CO sA KHOA HOC VE QUAN Li DAO TAO TUT XA DAP UMG NHU cAu NHAN LUC TRiNH DO DAI HOC I O i t v ^ n d l Hiln nay, ngudn nhin luc cd ndng tyc trt tuf, sing tao td y lu d u can thi l t v l[.]
NGHIEN Cliu C Q CO sA KHOA HOC VE QUAN Li DAO TAO TUT XA DAP UMG NHU cAu NHAN LUC TRiNH DO DAI HOC ThS PHAM PHUtTNGlAM TnttngflaihecC^Tiio I.Oitv^ndl Hiln nay, ngudn nhin luc cd ndng tyc trt tuf, sing tao td y l u d u can thilt v l d p bdch ddi vdi nen sin xuat hiln dai Vife phdt triln quy md v l nlng eao ehit tupng gilo dye (GD) ddng vai trd quan trpng d l gili quylt van d l v l nhin tyc Trude m i t Id dao tao (OT) dd v l sd tupng, dim blo chat tupng ngudn nhdn lUc phye vy cho n i n kinh t l vd hdi nhap qudc t l DT tdxa Id toai hinti phu hpp vi d i p dng d c y l u td tinh boat, m i m dio, nhilu thudn tpi, ho trp OT nhin luc trinh dp dai hpc (DH) cho clc dja phuong, ddc b i l t td vdng slu vung xa Ca sd khoa hpc ve q u i n )((QL) DT tir xa d i p dng nhu c l u n h i n iUc trinh ddDH 2.1 Mdtsd khdi niim 2.1.1.DTtUxa BT td xa Id hlnh thde OT gifla ngudi day v l ngucri hpc cd khodng d e h nhat djnh v l khdng gian v l thdi gian Ddy khdng chl I I mdt phuang t i l n giang day ma la mdt hf thdng phflc tap v l each thfle td ehdc ho^t ddng gidng d^y, hoc t i p v l mdi trucmg sU pham 2.1.2 QLDT tdxa Ld d c hoat ddng bao gdm xdc djnh nhu clu DT vd tap k l ho^ch; phit triln chuong trinh DT; td ehdc tuyln sinh; td chflc q u i trinh DT; cdng nhdn k i t q u i hpc tap cda sinh viln (SV); QL boat ddng giing day cda giing vien vd hoat ddng hpc cua SV; phdi hpp gida cdc dcfn vj OT vd doanh nghilp; eie c h l dp, chfnh sdeh; kilm tra, gidm slt v l danh g i i qud trinh DT d l phdt triln, ddp dng sd lupng, ddng bd v l eo d u , ddm blo v l chat tupng, dap dhg ylu elu DT nhdn luc trinh dp DH 2.1.3 Nhdn luc trlnh dd DH Trinh hpc v i n phdn dnh qua kiln thde, kT ndng vd chit tuong cua lao ddng, hinh thdnh thdng qua hf thdng GD vd DT ngudn nhdn luc Ngudn nhin tUc chit tucmg eao td tuc tupng lao ddng ed hpc van, trinh dd chuyin mdn eao, nlng thfch dng nhanh vdi nhdtig thay ddi eda cdng nghi sin xuat Nhdn lye trinh dd OH la d i n s6 dp tudi d l qua OT trinh dd OH; td ngudi tao ddng cd tri thdc ehuyin mdn nghilp vy trinh dp OH {11 2.2 Ogediem cabin cda OT tff xa 22.1 NgUdi dgy vd ngUdi hqc d cdch xa Khoing cdch ngUdi day vd ngUdi hpc Id dde dilm dau tien phan bilt OT td xa vdi d e toat hinh khic Thcri gian dupe xie dinh theo mdt sU biln ddi din V If giiia nhflng ho?t ddng DT thfle hiln qua khoing d c h xa vd nhflng ho?t dpng DT thyc hifn tnie t i l p gifla thiy v l trd la d i l u chu y l u tao sy khde bilt 2.2.2 Cdng nghi vd phuang tiin DT td xa dya vio cdc edng nghi v l phflong t i l n Cle cdng nghe bao gdm cdng nghi in I n , truyln thdng v l thdng tin Clc phUOng tiln: hpc tilu in I n (gilo trinh, sach gido khoa in tren glly), Hpc lilu diln td (dTa hinh, tilng, dau dTa, radio cassette, tivi, mdy vf tfnh ndi mang^) Trong DT td xa, hpe tilu dupe bifn soan cd chdc nang thdng tin hai ehilu eao, k i t hpp vdi d c boat ddng day va hpc qua thu, sdng phdt vd truyen hinh, diln thoai, internet, t2] Hpc tilu ddng vai trd quan trpng vd dUpe giao cho mdt I ktp sU pham la eae gidng viln cd nghiln cuU v l OT tfl xa; ede biln tap vien nhilu kinh nghifm; d e kT thudt vien tdnh nghi, vdi nhifm vy t h i l t Ici v l hoan thiin phin hudng dan tu hpc t h i l t tap thdng tin hai chtlu e l gilo trinh in an 2J.3 Tmh tuchO trongDTtUxa Tfnh tu chu ngudi hpc qud trinh hpc tap Id dilm mlu chdt eda nang tu hpc td bin chit cdt Idi eiia vife hpc tdxa Ngudi hoc cda loat hinh DT tdxa chd ylu I I ngudi Idn tudi ed nhu d u , tfnh ty ehd v l nhilu mat duoe hlnh thinh eung vdi dd trUdng thdnh 22.4 Val trd QL vd trd giup cda nhd truifng cd DTtUxa QLvatrpgidp eiia nhd trudng cdOTtdxagldvai trd chd dao, hd trp die tUc cho ngudi hoc cln Vai trd QL vd hd trp: To ehdc QL dpi ngu d n bd va gidng viln, ndi dung, biln soan - phin phdi hpe lieu, xiy dyng vd triln khai k l hoach hpc tip, chuong trinh OT, eo sd v i t ehat phuc vy DT, to elide thi, k i t q u i hpe tip, Ngodi ra, nhd trudng chju trdch nhilm vdi cde b i n lien ddi: Nhd nude, ngudl hpc, ngudi sd dyng tao ddng va xa hdi, v l chat tuong sdn pham, dich vy DT tdxa 22.5 Tinh mim dio vd lien thdng T h l hien d ehd SV hf DH chfnh quy tap trung vd cde hinh thdc khdc ed the tfeh luy tfn ehi mdt sd mdn hpc qua phuong thdc tdxa (chii ylu qua internet) Ngodi ra, chuong trinh, ndi dung va chuan dau cda OT td xa tuong duong vdi OT OH theo phuong thdc DT truyln thdng Kit qud hpe tdp OT td xa eda SV dUpc lien thdng, cdng nhan d OT OH truyln thdng vd ngupe lai 2.2.6 Tinh cdng nghiip DT td xa dien nhu mdt diy chuyin cdng nghilp Do g i n liln vdi mdt quy md idn v l mpt khoi tupng edng vifc khdng 16, d c cdng vile dupe phin edng theo hUdng chuyin mdn hda v l theo diy chuyin td khiu phdt triln khda hpc; td chde biln soan; sin xuat va phdn phdi hpe tifu d i n tu van d e quy djnh, phye vu mdn hpc kiem tra dinh gid va d p bing, chflng chl 22.7 Tinh kinh tivd hiiu qud Chi phf cho OT td xa ehd ylu dya t r l n sy t i p trung vdn dau tu ban d i u vdo phdt triln co sd t i n g ki thuat, biln soan hpe lieu, hudng d i n va phy dao hpe tip, Cdc CO sd GD tan dung duoc co sd, dpi ngu vd hoc tifu tfl cdc ngudn don vj sin ed Chi phi t r l n d i u SV gidm ding k l si sd cda mdt khda hpe tang tin Slfl22-THAllG11/2015*35 ca NGHIEN c u r u 2.3 OT nhdn lue trinh dd DH dieu kiin kinh dang van ban de tham khio Cdc tieu chuan phai h ^ If, tithl trffdng, hm nhdp qudc iivd mdi quan hi giffa OT cd t h l dat duac, tudng duoc vd thudng xuyen rd sodt, chinh sda phii hpp tffxa vdi OTnhdn lUe trinh dd OH - Sutham gia cua nguai sCrdung: SV, giang vien, cdn 2.3.1 DTnhdn lUc trinh dd DH diiu kien kinh ti bpQL, cacdan vidich vu vd cac ben lien quan khdcduoc thj trudng vd hdi nhdp qudc ti DT dip flng ntiu d u nhin tUe la clc hoat ddng tham gia vao vifc xac lap cac tieu chuan phu hop vd xay tri vl nlng cao chit tuang nhdn lUe thdng qua OT nhim dung quy trinh, khung DT Phai c6 cO hoi de thu dUOc tao sy thay ddi hdnh vi nghi nghilp [3] Tie ddng cua phan hoi vetinh hieu qua ciia chiing sddung -Sutham gla cua can bo nhdn vien: Mpi can bd nhan nin kinh t l thj trudng vl hdt nhdp qudc te din DT nhdn vien dupc tham gia xay dUng quy trinh, kien nghi, i3e luc trinh dd DIH dupe thl hiln nhusau: xud't ciia ho nen dupc Idng ghep vdo.Thdi gian danh cho - Dua CO chl eanh tranh vdo DT nhan tyc trinh dd qua trinh can phai dit de cdng bang DH: Ddy Id tdc ddng mang tfnh ddt pha eua ea chl thj - Van bdn hoa: Cac quy trinh de dat tdi tieu chuan trudng vdo hf thdng GD DH Nin GD mdi da dUa co chl phai dupe van ban hoa ro rang; Ghi dCf lieu thUe hay eanh tranh td chflc QL vao boat ddng cua he thdng hu cau, md td thdng nhat d cac van ban, tap trung vao GD DH.Trong thj trudng GD, bfn eanh co ehe canh tranh nhdng quy trinh thiet yeu; Ghi d dang de doc va thuan vl d e nha cung dng GD tU nhin, nhd nUdc van gid vai tien cho rvgUdi sddung; Cap nhat thudng xuyen va chinh trd chd dao cung dng GD sda can thiet - Hdi nhap qudc t l vl GD da ehuyin sang mdt giai - DT va phdt trien dqi ngu cdn bq: Viec td chdc DT va do^n phit triln mdi vdi hai thinh phin ddi tap vd dan phat tnen ddi ngu can bd cd lien ket chat che vdi viec xen nhau: Mdt la hpp tdc qudc t l truyln thdng vl GD, dat tieu chuan Can co cO c h l hieu qua de danh gid nhu eoi GD Id Ipi ich cdng, vife phdt triln GD dUOc thUe hifn cau OT, thudng xuyen rd sodt vd cd nguon lUc dap dng theo CO ctil khdng nhdm myc dfch tpi ntiuin; Hai II nhdng nhu cau thuong mai djeh vy GD, coi GD 11 mdt djeh vu thuong - Giam sdt: Co ca che theo doi, gidm sat thudng mat, vifc dau tu phit trtln GD dupe thue hien theo co xuyen va he thdng ddi vdi cac ke hoach chi tiet ehlvl tpi nhudn yeu tuan theo cac tieu chuan Thdng tin giam sat dieu 2.3.2 Moi quan he gida DTtUxa vdi DTnhdn lUc trinh chinh phiJ hppvdi hanh ddng, phdn hoi lai vao he thong ddDH va cd bien phap sda chda Tiln bd khoa hpc vd edng nghe ddl hdi phli nlng - Chi phi: Chien lUpc theo ddi chi phi thUc hien va eao trinh dd eOa lue luong tao ddng Ngudi lao dpng can tri cac hoat ddng dam bdo chat lupng phdi tinh tcii dupe bdi dudng va hpc tdp thudng xuyfn di thlch dng vdi chi phi tai chinh va ngUdi Odi ehieu xem ehi phi co nhdng thay ddi eda nghi hole ed thl ddi nghi Khoa hpe tdn han lpi ich khdng 2.4.2 Nqi dung QL DT tUxa ddp Ung nhu cau nhdn lilc cdng nghe, dac biet Id edng nghi thdng tin, Idm thay ddl tfnh chit vd ndi dung ciia ngUdI lao ddng, cdch td chflc, trinh DH - Xac dinh nhu cau DT nhan luc ca che thi phuong phdp QL sin xuat, QL xa hpi OT td xa dap flng dupe dc dilu kifn trfn tfnh chat mim deo, tinh boat trudng va hoi nhdp: Trong co che thi trUdng vdi nen kinh vd phd hpp DT tdxa cdn cd the dupe gidi thfch bdi sU lifn te nhieu phan, xac dinh nhu cau DT Id bUOc khdi hpp gifla ba hifn tupng: Sy phdt triln eda nhu d u vl toai dau quan trpng de phat trien OT Oe trien khai mot loai hlnh DT td xa, sy d n thilt mang tinh kinh t l , gidm bdt hinh hay chuang trinh OT cd hieu qua, viec danh gia gid thdnh GD vd suthim nhip eda dc cdng nghi, truyln nhu cau OT la mot nhiem vu cap bach hang dau Nhu cau OT can duoc khao sat ddnh gid cd ve chat lupng, sd thdng vdo tit el cde linh vUe boat ddng, ke cl GD lupng cua luc lUOng lao ddng ddi vdi ngdnh nghe vi 2.4 QL DT tffxa ddp ffng nhu eau nhdn lUc trinh dd trinh dp OH eda dja phffong 'QLphat trien chuang trinh OTtUxa:DJtiSy.a\aqui 2.4.1 QL chdt luang DT tffxa ddp ffng nhu cdu nhdn trinh DT va tuOT thong qua tU hpc la chinh Viec lap ke Iffc trinh ddDH hoach chuang trinh OT td xa rat khd khan, dam bao Trong bit ed toai hinh DT nio, chat tupng dupe eoi tinh mem deo, thUc tien de thu hut nhieu ddi tupng II dilu tiln quylt hdng diu cho vife dap dng nhu d u xa tham gia hoc tap, dam bao dung cac yeu cau thdi gian hdi, dip dng yeu d u thj trudng tao ddng dao tao, ndi dung chuong trinh, khdi luang kien thifc - Chlnh sdch vd ki hoqch chdt lugng: Clc co sdDT td ca bdn, CO sd va chuyen nganh theo tieu chuan chung xa d n xdy diftig eie ehfnh sdch hUdng din chat lupng ciia SV OH £IT Mpi d p d n bd d n cd co hdi tham gia xdy diing cdc - 01 qud trinh to chUc tuyen sinh: Cac cO sd GD phii chfnh sdch, muc tteu va cu thl tiod thdnh kl hoach thyc theo hudng tuyen thudng xuyen va quanh nam nhSm t l vdi CO chl phdn hdi d i m bao ngudn SV Cac ddn vi chu trpng va thirc hien - Xdc dinh cdc ke hoqch chi tiit trgng yeu: Cae kl tdt cdng tac marketing nhU thdng bao den cac don vi hoach chi tilt ylu phdi lly ngudt hpc lam xult lien ket, td chdc, dja phuong va phuong tien thong tin phdt dilm Cde quy trinh thue hten nhflng kl hoaeh d n dai chiing Ndi dung thong tin tuyen sinh gom can cii dugc phin tfch, md t l ey thl, phii hpp vdl thiie tiln vl phap li, ddl tuang, cap bac, nganh, thdi gian OT dia diem bao him nhflng cdch Idm tdt nhit cd thl dupc hpc, mdc hoc phi, quyen Ipi, nghia vu ciia SV qua - Cy thi hod cdc tiiu chudn: Clc tieu ehuan phli trinh hoc tap, ca hpi sau tdt nghifp Khi hodn tat ho cy thl, xic djnh rd rang eho tit d cdc kl hoach chi tilt 50 cac trudng OH xet tuyen, quyet dinh thu nhdn vd trpng ylu, ludn dupc truyln thdng rd rdng va san cd d gdi thdng bdo nhap hpc • K H D A HOC GU&O DUC NGHiiN CUU - Qt cdng nhdn kit qud hgc tap cua SV: SV dUpe quyln ehpn lua d c hpc phin thfch hop vdi nguyfn vpng, sd thtch, hpc tuc, sdc khde, tai chfnh, tu chd thdi gtan, khdng han c h l sd lan thi lai, khdng td chde xet len Idp hang nam nhu niln che, cdng nhin k i t q u i cudt eCing clp clc chdng chi, vdn bing tdt nghifp - QL hoqt ddng gidng dqy cda gidng viin vd hoqt ddng hgc cda SV: Hoat ddng gidng day ciia gidng v i l n va hoat ddng hpc tap cda SV ed ^ nghTa quylt djnh d i n sy thdnh edng cua trUdng Nhd trUdng phdi ehii y d i n mye tieu, ndi dung chuong trinh, ede chuan myc quy trinh td chde, vife day hoc, vile kilm tra, ddnh gia d i m bdo chit tupng QL DT thUe chat td QL chit tUpng DT thdng qua qua trinh d^y va hpe cda gidng vtin vd SV - QL td chffc phdi hgp giffa cdc dan vj DT vd doanh nghiep ddp ffng nhu cdu nhdn luc ftfldi quan hf gida clc dcJn vj trUdng phdi ludn thdng nhat td xiy dung chuong trinh DT, cd d n bd gllng day biln soan gido trinh, tdi tifu hpe tap vd tham gta gidng day d i n bg phdn hdnh ehfnh, tai vy, td chdc, DT, tra, cde trung t i m hd trp QL, nghifp vu, DT v l cde trung t i m OT td xa Iwldi quan hf, trich nhifm gida trudng vd cdc don vj liln kit dupe phdn cdng rd v l thyc hifn nghilm tiie di d i m bdo qud trlnh dupc diln thdng sudt, ban c h l t i l u eye blo d i m ehdt tuang DT - QL vi thuc hiin cdc chi dd, chinh sdch DT tffxa: Odng vd Nhd nUdc ludn xem GD Id mdt nhan td ddm bdo cho sU tdn tai vd phdt trtln cua xd hdi Do dd, cln t i l p tye xiy diing v l hodn ehinh d e v i n bin quy pham phdp tudt de QL, phdt triln OTtdxa, bdi dudng ddt ngu can bd QL, gidng day v l eac ndng tUe QL, thilt k l chuong trinh, hpc tifu, phuong phip giing day, kiem tra danh g i l Ddng thdl, ndng cao ntidn thdc x l hdi v l DT td xa d l mpi ngudl, mpi td ehdc hilu biet v l ddc diem, lot fch vd hilu qui eda DT tfl xa Md r^ng hpp tie qude t l d l hpe hdi kinh nghilm, nghiln edu, dng dung cdng nghf mdi phd hpp vdi dilu kiln d i t nudc khuyin khich d c td chdc c l ntidn vd ngodi nUde ddu tU, tdt trp, ddng gdp v l kinh nghilm, DT cln bd, dng dung d e edng nghi t i l n tiln cho hf thdng OT tfl xa d Vtft Nam - QL chdt lugng vd kiim tra, gidm sdt qud trinh DT tff xa: Cdng tie kilm tra v l gidm slt ed y nghTa quan trpng OT, ddt b i l t II OT td xa D l thue hifn tdt q u i trinh OT td xa, clc CO sd GD d n chu y d i n cdng t i c kilm tra iiiiiiiiiiiniii Miiiii U gilm sdt tap trung vdo lUpng tri thde, ki ndng, ki xio, qud trinh DT d l ddnh g i l dupe chit tflpng giing day cua nhd trUdng Kit iuan CO sd khoa hpe v l QL DT td xa ddp dng nhu d u DT nhin tyc trinh dd DH lam nen ting nghiln eflu thflc trang dang dien cda toai hinh DT d Viet Nam Qua do, tim ede gili phdp QL DT td xa ddp Cfng dupe nhu cau OT trinh dp OH cho c l nUde ndi ehung vd tdng vdng miln, dja phuong ndi rieng, gdp phan phue vu cho edng cupc cdng nghilp hda - hifn dai tida vd hdi nhdp qudc t l giai doan phdt trtln hiln TAi Li|U THAM K H A O [IJ Tran Thj Ninh Giang, (2011), Ca sd khoa hqc cda viec ddnh gid hiiu qud DTnhdn lUc trinh dd DH nin kinh tithj trudng vd gia nhdp WTO d Viet Nam, Ha Ndi [2] Tran Ode Vupng (biln djeh), (2009), CSm nang GDtdxo, NXB T h l gidi [3] Trln Kilm, (2006), Tiip cdn hiin dgi QL GD, NXB Dai hpc Su pham, Hd Ndi [41 Bd GD&DT; (1993), GD tffxa Viit Nam, HI Ndt [Sl Phan Van Kha, (2007), DTvd sUdung ngudn nhdn luc nin kinh tithj trudng d Viit Nam, NXB Gilo due [dl.Trinh Ngpc Thaeh, (2012), MdWn/iQtOTngudn nhdn iuc chdt luang cao GD DH Viit Nam, NXB Dai hpe Qudc Gia, Ha Ndi [Tl.Ta ThiTruyin, (2001), Sdi dudng cdn bd QL ngdnh GDvdDT theo phuang thUcGDtUxa, Ha Ndt SUMMARY Distance learning played an important role in meeting increasmgneeds of people, contributing to human resourceswith higher education level, satisfying needs of socio-economic and culturedevetopment The study of science-based management of distance learning in training ofhigh level human resources will help education managers to better understand the characteristics, relationship between distance training, needs to advanced training and required contents in distance learning management, Therebythis study will support the development ofdistance leaming plans, strategies and solutions Keywords: Distance learning management; human resources; higher education leveL IMIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIII iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMMiiiitiiiiiiiiiiriMiiiniiii DiNH HUDNG GiA TRI NGHE NGHiEP (Tiip theo trang 10) [10] Tdng cuc Thdng k l , Diiu tra lao ddng - viic Idm 2011,2012,2013,'2104 [11] Tdng cyc Thdng kf, Niin gidm thSng ki 2011, 2012,2013.2014 shouhj de economic restructure and labor transkral andjc^ structure as well Orientatingjob values tor student career wastaughtatschoois,influencedbyfamilyandsociety.Tomeet requirements of economic and labor structure, it is necessary to renew objectives, contents and teaching methodsof SUMMARY vocational education at schools, with the aim to provide The paper addresses issue of career value orientation for student to meet the requirements of economic and laborstiJdents appropriatejob,satisfying manpower needs for sociochange Values-oriented career plays an important part economic development in the region and country as well tor each pmrson and quality of human resources To push Keywords: Value; career value; values-oriented career; economic structure; career structure Slfl22-THitNG11/201S.37 ... ndi dung ciia ngUdI lao ddng, cdch td chflc, trinh DH - Xac dinh nhu cau DT nhan luc ca che thi phuong phdp QL sin xuat, QL xa hpi OT td xa dap flng dupe dc dilu kifn trfn tfnh chat mim deo, tinh... vdi nen kinh vd phd hpp DT tdxa cdn cd the dupe gidi thfch bdi sU lifn te nhieu phan, xac dinh nhu cau DT Id bUOc khdi hpp gifla ba hifn tupng: Sy phdt triln eda nhu d u vl toai dau quan trpng... chuang trinh OTtUxa:DJtiSy.a\aqui 2.4.1 QL chdt luang DT tffxa ddp ffng nhu cdu nhdn trinh DT va tuOT thong qua tU hpc la chinh Viec lap ke Iffc trinh ddDH hoach chuang trinh OT td xa rat khd khan,