/?• Nghidn ciJu & Trao ddi c a SO KHOA HOC VA THLFC TIEN CUA PHU''''aNG PHAP LUAN XAY DLTNG QUY HOACH CO SCy HA T A N G MOI TRU''''ONG U''''NG DUNG THLF NGHIEM CHO T H A N H P H 6 VINH, TINH NGHE AN TS Mai Tro[.]
/?• Nghidn ciJu & Trao ddi c a SO KHOA HOC VA THLFC TIEN CUA PHU'aNG PHAP LUAN XAY DLTNG QUY HOACH CO SCy HA T A N G MOI TRU'ONG U'NG DUNG THLF NGHIEM CHO T H A N H P H VINH, TINH NGHE AN TS Mai Trong Thong, ThS Hoang LIFU Thu Thuy CN Pham Thj Ly, CN Vo Trong Hoang Vien Dja Ly, Vien Khoa hpc va Cong nghe Viet Nam P hwang phap luan xay dt/ng quy hoach sa sa ting moi trwang, dtra tren ca sa phan tich thi/c trang vS ca sa tang bao ve moi trwang va nhifng thach thwc cua chung cong tac quan ly chit thai, dw bao phat sinh theo cac muc tieu quy hoach phat triin kinh te - xa hoi (KTXHj cua mot lanh thd Ddi vai cac khu vwc thj la trung tam phat triin bao gdm ca cong nghiep, dich vu, dan cw van hoa xa hoi thi vin de tam cua quy hoach ca sa ting moi trwang la quan ly chit thai va giam thiiu nhiim moi trwang sdng cong ddng Khi wng dung thw nghiem xay dwng quy hoach ca sa ting bao ve mdi trwang cho phd Vinh vai sw tra giup cua cdng nghe GIS da nhan dwac ban dd quy hoach ca sa ting mdi trwang gdm hai lap thdng tin chinh: lap thdng tin quy hoach sw dung dit din 2020 va lap thdng tin ve cac giai phap ky thuat - mdi trwang quan ly va xw ly nwac thai (nwac mwa, nw&c thai sinh boat, nwac thai san xuit), he thdng thu gom rac thai, he thing de ngan man va he thing cac tram quan trie, giam sat mdi trwang Kit qua nghien cwu da dwac cac nha quan ly dia phwang danh gia cao va dwac sw dung cdng tac quan ly va xay dwng ki hoach bao ve mdi trwang phd Vinh giai doan 2006 2015 va tim nhin din nam 2020 Ban quy hoach co'saha tang moi trwo'ng Vinh, tinh Nghe An nam 2006- 2015 MTA9>3.inaf(m^ \ V —I f'UA tat Atv mait4$%»f^t»tiot^ '^wf»cuae4ttAtt ^ i* ftjrw tics i/toti ^ô4iclf Êi^A3*i'fi**yi>9^di ã Q Q 32 Tap chi Khi ttftfng Thuy van * Thang 3/2009 *(i?*#f.'3:J»*«*»*^«*Ji«ft»»j tmx*i'4niff6^»^Uif tm%*^'4nftt*6 ^i Nghien cufu & Trao ddi Nhu vay, mdt nhCpng nhiem vu ehu y i u Dat van de Nhu da trinh bay mdt sd bai bao da dang trude day [ 4,5,7,8 ] mdt nhO'ng mue tieu quan trpng nhit cua viee lap quy hoaeh mdi trudng la: Nang cao hieu qua khai thac, SLP dung hgp ly tai nguyen lanh tho va dieu ehinh cac hoat dgng phat triin va quan ly c h i t thai nham dam bao mdi trudng lap quy hoach bao ve mdi trudng la phai xay dung luan CCP va lap quy hoach ca sd tang mdi trudng theo cae muc tieu eua quy hoach phat trien va dap Cpng dugc kha nang eao n h i t cua viee quan ly c h i t thai va giam thieu tac ddng cua cac hoat ddng phat trien d i n mdi trudng Theo djnh nghTa cua cac chuyen gia thudc song sach cho ngudi Tren ca sd phan tich d u an Quy hoach phat triin KTXH eua dja phuang hoae eua mdt vung, thue hien viec danh gia dien biin mdi trudng va tCr dd xay dung eae giai phap ky thuat mdi trudng nham dam bao cho phuang an Quy hoaeh phat trien giam thiiu tdi mCpc t i i da mCpc dp gay d nhiim mdi trudng Cae ddi tugng quy hoach va eae v i n d i mdi trudng e i n dugc xem xet bao g i m : ' ' Chuang trinh hgp tac Viet Nam -Thuy Oien v i tang cudng nang luc quan ly d i t dai va mdi tru'dng (SEMLA) thi: "Ca sd tang mdi trudng dugc xac djnh la mdt mang ludi tai nguyen cua mdt lanh tho va cae ea sd vat c h i t ky thuat n i l liin dam bao giai quyit cac san p h i m rac thai b i n vu'ng mdi trudng tCp cac nganh tieu thu va san xuat cua lanh tho dd" Ca sd vat chat ky thuat dugc chl rd la: He thong quan ly nguin nude, he thong quan ly nude - Dd thj: Xae djnh cac vung dd thj hoa, cac khu thai, he thing quan ly d i t dai, he thong quan ly rac dan eu tap trung va nhu'ng v i n d i mdi trudng thai, he thong quan ly rCrng, he t h i n g quan ly da vung, vi du nhu: he thing c i p , thoat nude dd thj, ca dang sinh hpc, he thong quan ly nguin khoang san, sd ting ky thuat, nude thai sinh hoat, rac thai he t h i n g quan ly e h i t lugng khdng Theo - Ndng nghiep: Xae djnh cae vung nong nghiep va nhO'ng v i n d i mdi trudng lien quan d i n san x u i t ndng nghiep nhu: thuoc trCp sau, phan bon hoa hpc; - Cong nghiep: Xac djnh cac vung cdng nghiep hoa, cac khu cdng nghiep (KCN), cum cdng nghiep va nhu'ng nganh cdng nghiep cd nhiiu c h i t thai cd kha nang gay d nhiem mdi trudng va nhO'ng v i n d i mdi trudng cdng nghiep nhu: XLP ly c h i t thai cac loai SEMLA, quy hoach ea sd t i n g mdi trudng cho eae khu vue dd thj chi nen tap trung vao cae he thing quan ly d i t dai, nude thai va chat thai ran Trudc day, thuc hien Qh an "Quy hoach bao ve mdi trudng Vinh" va mdt vai d i tai thuc hien quy hoach bao ve mdi trudng eho cac dd thj mdi (cip thj xa) hien [ ] , chung tdi da va dang thuc hien viec lap quy hoach ca sd t i n g mdi trudng theo quan diem neu tren (khi, nude thai, chit thai ran); - Giao thdng: Xay dung dudng giao thdng cua cac khu dd thj, cac b i n cang, san bay, giao thdng dudng bd va v i n d i mdi trudng lien quan d i n mdi trudng sinh thai, da dang sinh hpc ,,:;s, s:,;; ,' - Djch vu va du Ijch: Xac djnh cae khu vuc, dja Phu'O'ng phap luan lap quy hoach c a sa ting moi tru'd'ng Oe thuc hien viee lap quy hoaeh ca s d t i n g mdi trudng (CSHTMT) c i n thuc hien cac budc ea ban sau day: danh Ijch SLP, danh lam thing canh, khu bao t i n bao Bude 1: Md ta va danh gia thue trang mdi trudng tang de phat trien du lich va cac djch vu kem theo va cua lanh tho nghien CCPU nham xac djnh thuc trang nhu'ng v i n d i d nhiim mdi trudng du Ijeh (rac thai, mdi trudng va cac SCPC ep chinh v i mdi trudng, tCp nude thai sinh hoat, d nhiem nguon nude, xdi Id, sat dd nhan dien va phan tich nhu'ng thach thCpc ve ea 16' ); sd t i n g mdi trudng hien tai cua lanh tho - Nudi va danh bat thuy hai san: Xac djnh Bude 2: Phan tich viec ap dung CSHTMT cac khu vuc nudi va danh bat thuy hai san va eae giai doan quy hoach nham xac djnh cac khu v i n d i d nhiim nguon nude t u nhien vuc nao da xay dung CSHTMT va chung da ddng Tap chi Khi trfgfng Thuy van * Thang 3/2009 33 Nghidn ctfu & Trao doi gdp nhu t h i nao vao viee cai thien cae d i i u kien mdi trudng khdng the thuc hien dugc ma phai cd trudng cua cac khu vuc dd ndi rieng va t i n g k i hoaeh trien khai tCpng budc theo cae ky quy the cua vung lap quy hoach ndi chung hoaeh Vi vay, e i n xay dung k i hoach hoat ddng Budc 3: Xay dung quy hoach CSHTMT: Tren ea sd phan tich va soat quy hoach tong t h i phat triin cho cac giai phap va phai tinh toan kinh phi eho cac giai phap si e - - : in KT -XH, quy hoach eae nganh eua lanh tho, d i i CCng dung thu" nghiem lap quy hoach CSHTMT chiiu vdi chiin luge bao ve mdi trudng quoc gia, cho Vinh tinh Nghe An thuc hien: a Hien trang, dw bio lwang ehit thai va nhu'ng - Du bao eae SCPC ep len cae nguin tai nguyen va mdi trudng d i xae djnh cac ITnh vue then c h i t sure ep ehinh ve CSHTMT * vin di chit thai cdng nghiep nhit c i n thuc hien quy hoach CSHTMT nham thiit lap khung quy hoach CSHTMT Hien tai, h i u h i t cac nha may, xf nghiep tren dja ban TP Vinh n i m rai rac, xen ke vdi cac khu dan eu - Du bao cac xu hudng tuang lai v i chit lugng khu cdng nghiep (KCN) Bac Vinh da dugc xay dung mdi trudng can CCP vao cac mue tieu phat trien va xu nhung so lugng cac ca sd san x u i t chuyin vao hudng biin doi eua eae ngudn tai nguyen Cae ITnh KCN ehua n h i i u Cac ca sd san x u l t v i n d vuc c i n dugc xem xet va du bao bao g i m : Nhu c i u tinh trang cdng nghe cu chua ed diiu kien nude sach, c h i t lugng cac nguin nude, phat sinh cac ngudn nude thai va c h i t thai r i n , c h i t lugng mdi trudng khdng khf, ehit lugng va su xudng c i p eua tai nguyen d i t , c h i t lugng va dp che phu cua rCpng va tinh da dang sinh hpc, benh tat va SCPC khde cua eon ngudi doi mdi hoac thay t h i bang cac cdng nghe tien tiin han Vl vay lugng e h i t thai ( r i n va Idng) hien tai chua dugc XLP ly va thai true t i i p moi trudng nhit la doi vdi nhu'ng khu dan cu, tinh trang d nhiem moi trudng c h i t thai cdng nghiep dang gia tang Lugng nude thai san x u l t cdng nghiep, nhit la c h i - Xae djnh cac muc tieu ve CSHTMT dugc can b i i n luang thuc, thuc p h i m r i t Idn, chCpa ham CCP vao xu hudng tuang lai cua nhu'ng v i n d i mdi lugng chit hu'U ca eao thai mdi trudng da gay trudng quan trpng va c i p bach nhit Cac muc tieu anh hudng nghiem trpng d i n ehit lugng nude, dit, ca ban bao g i m : Quan ly nude va nude thai, quan khdng va canh quan t u nhien Mdt so nganh ly chit thai, quan ly cac ngudn tai nguyen khac va khae nhu det, da, san x u i t giiy cd lugng nude thai chLPa nhiiu loai hoa c h i t ddc hai chua duge XLP ly bao ve d i t eung true t i i p thai mdi trudng lam suy giam ehit Budc 4: Oe x u i t nhO'ng can thiep, ke hoach hoat lugng nude eua nhiiu khu vue Trong tuang lai, ddng va d u kiin tai chinh eho quy hoaeh CSHTMT s i lugng nha may, xi nghiep tang len kha nhiiu thi Nhu'ng can thiep (thue ehit la cac giai phap) v i n d i c h i t thai cdng nghiep cang trd nen la mpt duge d i x u l t tap trung vao cac muc tieu cua quy v i n d i mdi trudng c i p bach, ddi hdi phai dua eae hoach CSHTMT Od la nhu'ng giai phap v i ky thuat giai phap thu gom va XLP ly n h i m han c h i toi da anh - mdi trudng thu gom va XLP ly ehit thai g i n vdi eae hudng d i n mdi trudng nguon thai va thai lugng c h i t thai mdi trudng tCp cac hoat dpng phat triin Cac giai phap ky thuat moi trudng phai dat dugc hieu qua la giam thieu d i n mCpc t i i da anh hudng eua c h i t thai d i n mdi trudng, lam khdng vugt qua kha nang ehju tai eua mdi trudng * vin di ehit thai sinh hoat Hien tai, lugng rac thai sinh hoat d TP Vinh cung chl mdi thu gom dugc 60% Nhu vay, mdt lugng rac thai sinh hoat tuang doi Idn (tren 80.000 t i n /nam) ehua duge thu gom va gay d nhiim Idn Thanh p h i Bai rac eua TP Vinh da qua tai va qui trinh XCP Mat khac, cae giai phap dugc d i x u i t de giam ly rac cung chua hoan thien, dac biet la XLP ly nude thiiu tac dpng cua cac hoat ddng phat trien d i n mdi thai bai rac Theo d u bao d i n nam 2010, toan Thgph 34 Tap chi Khi trftfng Thuy van * Thang 3/2009 /? Nghidn cufu & Trao doi p h i se ed 363.000 t i n rac thai sinh hoat (gip han Iin nam 2002) va d i n nam 2020 se ed 630.000 t i n nhiem va gay d nhiem mdi trudng nude * vin di thodt nude Thdnh phi (gip g i n l l n hien tai) Nhu vay, lugng rac thai sinh hoat dd thi TP Vinh se r i t Idn n i u khdng dugc thu He thing thoat nude thai sinh hoat va san x u l t gom h i t va chuyen d i n cae bai XLP ly thi s§ gay d cdng nghiep, t i i u thu cdng nghiep edn ehung vdi he nhiim nghiem trpng cho Thanh p h i Tinh Nghe An thing thoat nude mua dd thj Nude thai sinh hoat, da va dang d i u tu de xay dung khu lien hgp XCP ly nude thai cdng nghiep va y t i khdng dugc XLP ly chit thai Nghi Yen (each TP Vinh khoang 20 km) vdi hoac XLP ly khdng triet d i , thing vao muang thoat qui mo dien tich len d i n 50 vao nhung nam 2020 nude chung gay anh hudng d i n mdi trudng nude mat, nude n g i m va mdi trudng d i t eua p h i Theo quy hoach nhu c i u nude eho p h i Vinh udc tfnh d i n nam 2010 khoang 110.000 m^ Hien cac kenh muang d i n thai h i u nhu la /ngay dem Lugng nude thai sinh hoat du bao muang d i t va hd Cac kenh dao chu y i u la chay tu khoang 88.000 m^ /ngay dem Nude thai sinh hoat nhien theo cac cho trung va mdt so dao theo kenh dd thj eua TP Vinh hien tai khdng dugc XLP ly ma hudng ddng V i ea ban eae kenh d i n thai ehua dat true tiep vao he t h i n g thoat thai nude mua cua yeu c l u ky thuat ve tinh dp d i e hay mat cat ngang Thanh p h i bing cae kenh thoat nude c i p I, II, III Vi vay, khdng dap Crng dugc yeu e l u thoat nude thai Hien trang cac muang thoat nude chua dap Cpng eua TP Vinh dugc luu lugng thoat thai va bj hu hong nhiiu Day la mdt nhu'ng nguyen nhan quan trpng lam d nhiem nguin nude kenh rach tu nhien Thanh p h i eung nhu nguon nude sdng Lam d TP Vinh * vin de chit thai y ti nguy hai Co t h i t h i y ri ng thuc trang thoat nude eua TP Vinh hien edn nhieu b i t cap va khdng cd he thong muang thoat ddng bd nen viec ngap ung cue bd eae khu vue thudng xay lien tuc ea ^ sau xay cac tran mua nhd va ngan , Chit thai ran benh vien: chit thai r i n tCp qua trinh ehCpa benh la nhO'ng chit thai nguy hai, gay d nhiim mdi trudng va ed t h i lan truyin cac benh truyin nhiem b De xuit phwang in quy hoach CSHTMT TCP k i t qua phan tich v i thue trang mdi trudng va nhan dien nhCrng SCPC ep chinh v i CSHTMT theo cac muc tieu phat triin kinh t i - xa hdi d i n nam Hien tai, toan Thanh phd cd benh vien Idn vdi 2020, ehung toi da d i x u l t mdt sd giai phap quy ting lugng chit thai y t i nguy hai g i n 300kg /ngay hoach CSHTMT phd Vinh g i n vdi nhiem vu Lugng chit thai nguy hai ehua dugc XLP ly theo quan ly chit thai, la net dac trung cua cdng tac quy qui trinh; mdt phin dugc XLP ly ddt tai benh vien Hu'U hoaeh CSHTMT thj [4] Nghi da khoa tinh, mdt phin edn lai kha Idn dugc 1) Quy hoach quan ly va si> dung ngudn nude chon l i p tai cho gay d nhiim nghiem trpng mdi trudng d i t va nude Du kiin d i n nam 2010, lugng - Nang c i p , m d rpng cac nha may nude hien cd rac thai nguy hai len den 630 tin/nam va nam 2020 va cd t h i xay mdi cae nha may nude d i dam bao la 866 t i n / n a m cdng suit vao nam 2005 la van m^ /ngay dem va ,: nam 2020 la 15 van m^ /ngay dem (vdi nguin nude Nude thai benh vien hien eung chua ed he du kiin se dugc l i y tCp sdng Lam) P h i n d i u d i n thong thu gom va XLP ly, true t i i p thing mdi nam 2020 dam bao eung c i p 100% nude sach eho trudng Cae hgp c h i t hCpu ca, hoa c h i t cua cae nhan dan p h i dugc phim, kim loai nang da gay d nhiim d i n mdi trudng nude eua cac khu vue xung quanh benh vien Trong quy hoach phat trien, d i i vdi chit thai y 2) Quy hoaeh he thong thodt nude va xu ly nude thai ,„ ,, ,,^ t i nguy hai, c i n thiit phai thu gom triet de va XCP ly - c i n phai cai tao, nang d p he t h i n g kenh theo dung qui trinh d i tranh su lay lan benh truyin muang thoat nude va thu gom nude thai p h i Tap chi Khi ttfcfng Thuy van * Thang 3/2009 35 ? Nghidn cufu & Trao doi vao he thing ho sinh hpc d i XLP ly Nude thai sau Theo djnh hudng cho phat trien d p va thoat XCP ly phai dat tieu ehuin loai B cua Tieu chuan Viet nude cCia TP Vinh d i n nam 2020, nude thai cua cac Nam TCVN 5942-1995 Can CCP vao tinh hlnh thue khu dan cu va KCN se dat d tieu ehuin nude thai t i cua cac khu vuc phan bd dan cu cua phd, cdng nghiep va sinh hoat loai B trudc vao cac he thong thoat nude ban duge phan hai vung XCP he thing kenh d i n thai c i p I nhu kenh bae, muang ly rieng biet Hong Bang, kenh so 1, 2, va muang Hung Odng - Tai cae khu thi cu hien d phia Nam p h i : SLP dung he t h i n g chay chung eho thoat nude mua va nude thai Tuy nhien eae kenh dan thai can dugc kien co hoa va lam kin Cudi cac tuyin kenh d p I xay dung he thong thu gom va giing tach nude thai d i dua vao he thong ho sinh hpc XLP ly trudc thai mdi trudng Sau quy trinh XLP ly bang cac h i sinh hpc, hieu s u i t XLP ly nude thai dat tdi 65-70% va dam bao duge nude thai vao sdng thudc loai B (thuy vuc nhan nude khdng dung true tiep c i p nude sinh hoat) hoan toan dap Cpng vdi yeu c i u mdi trudng cua TP Vinh Nhu vay se cai thien r i t nhiiu tinh trang d nhilm mdi trudng nude cua eae sdng, kenh TP Vinh cung nhu cua sdng Lam * ' " Quy hoach bai chdn l i p c h i t thai r i n Qua khao sat, phan tich, tfnh toan, p h i Vinh da lua chpn dugc dja d i i m thich hgp d xa Nghi Yen, huyen Nghi Ldc de xay dung khu lien hgp XCP ly c h i t thai r i n Vdi gia thiit v i t i c dp tang trudng dan so va dac tinh cua rac thai, u d c tfnh bai chdn l i p se dap Cpng duge lugng rac khoang 22 nam (tCp 2004 2025): - Bai chdn l i p mdi duge tinh toan de dua vao SLP - Tai cac khu dd thj mdi se phat trien d phia B l c p h i : xay dung he thing thoat nude mua va dung nam 2004 va cd t h i phat triin, md rdng dien tich len d i n 50 vao nam 2024; nude b i n chay rieng theo he thong dudng i n g va tram bam v i khu XLP ly chung d phia Odng b l c - Trong giai doan nay, rac thai udc tinh se tang tCp Nude mua theo he t h i n g cong d p II, III vao 0,7 kg/ngay tdi 1,4 kg/ngay va hieu qua thu gom rac kenh B i e va kenh Ke Gai - Rao DCpng Nude thai tang tCp 60 - 90%; duge tap trung vao cac khu XCP ly lam sach trudc thai vao sdng h i He t h i n g XCP ly nude thai ed cdng s u i t 35.000 m3 /ngay va hoat ddng theo day chuyin cdng nghe: Nude thai - song c h i n rac - b i ling eat - be ling ly tam - thiit bj d i i u c h i Clo - b i t i i p xuc - san phai bun - cdng trinh c h i biin can Nude thai sau khu thj vao kenh d i n dam bao tieu chuan nude thai loai B - Ngoai lugng rac thai tCp Tp Vinh (each khoang 20 km).va thj t r i n CCpa Ld (each 15km), bai chdn l i p mdi cd the nhan them mdt lugng rac thai dugc thu gom tLP nhu'ng khu vuc can k i cae huyen Nghi Lpc (each thj t r i n Quan Hanh 5km), Hung Nguyen va Nam Dan; - D u tinh se cd khoang 50% rac thai hu'U ea dugc XCP ly de e h i b i i n phan bdn vi sinh Se ed - T i t ca cac KCN va cum cdng nghiep phai cd he thong thoat nude thai tram XLP ly nude thai rieng khoang 10% lugng rac thu gom g i m cac loai giiy, nhua se dugc SLP dung lai; Nude mua dugc thu gom va tach d i u md, nude thai san x u l t va sinh hoat dugc XLP ly cue bp - Tong cdng s u i t cua bai chdn l i p se chCpa lugng KCN trude thai vao he t h i n g c i n g chung eua rac s u i t 22 nam cho d i n euii nam 2025, udc p h i d i dua v i cac tram XLP ly nude thai tap tinh vao khoang 2.400.000 tan tuang duang vdi trung 2.800.000 m^ - o i l vdi eae KCN va benh vien nude thai phai XLP ly cue bp va dat tieu ehuan B trudc thai mdi trudng 36 Tai khu XLP ly cac giai phap cdng nghe sau se duge ap dung: - o i l vdi c h i t thai dd thj khdng ddc hai SLP dung Tap chi Khi ttftfng Thuy van * Thang 3/2009 Nghien cufu & Trao doi nam 2005 va d i n nam 2020 va 15 van m^ /ngay cong nghe chdn l i p hgp ve sinh; - Doi vdi chit thai sinh hoat ed ham lugng hu'U ca cao se dugc tan dung c h i bien phan phan bdn vi sinh eo quy md cdng s u i t 70 -115 t i n /ngay, dem, du cung d p 100% nude sach cho ndi va ngoai Kinh phi udc tfnh la 700 ty d i n g Nguon von ngan sach nha nude tren dien tich 1, 84 vdi cdng nghe u len men - Du an 2: Cai tao he t h i n g thoat nude thai d Cdng doan se lam giam 30% lugng rac phai phfa bae p h i va xay dung mdi d phia nam chdn lip, keo dai thdi gian hoat ddng eua bai chdn p h i Kinh phi d u k i i n 130 ty d i n g Ngudn v i n lip ODA - Nude rac d khu chdn l i p se dugc thu gom va - Du an 3: Xay dung tram XLP ly nude thai tap XLP ly theo cong nghe vi sinh bang chuoi ho sinh hpc trung tai phudng Ddng VTnh, CCpa Nam, Vinh Tan, Day va d chdn l i p , khu XLP ly nude rac dugc B i n Thuy, xa Hung Ddng, Hung Lpc Kinh phi d u thiit k i cac Idp ching t h i m (Idp set d i m chat, Idp kiin 46 ty d i n g Nguon v i n ODA plastic HOPE) de ching d nhilm d i n nguin nude ngim va nude mat - Du an 4: Xay dung he thing XCP ly nude thai tap trung tai cac KCN va Trung tam cdng nghiep - Chit thai dpc hai khdng XCP ly tai khu Nghi Yen Cac chit thai dugc giu' cac container bao dam chCra chit thai dang Idng hoae ran, dung tich tuang duang thung chCpa d i u 2001 Ben canh viee xay dung khu lien hgp XLP ly ehit (TTCN) Kinh phi ude tinh 300 ty d i n g Nguin v i n tCp dja phuang va cac doanh nghiep - Du an 5: Xay dung bai rac mdi rdng 50 each p h i 20 km v i phia bac, thudc dja phan huyen Nghi Ldc va xay dung nha may c h i b i i n rac cdng thai d Nghi Yen, TP Vinh e i n quy hoach bo tri mang nghiep Kinh phf d u k i i n 80 ty d i n g Ngudn v i n Ho ludi thu gom rac hgp ly va cd bien phap hu'U hieu de trg phat triin (ODA) dam bao cae diem trung chuyen rac khdng gay d - Du an 6: Tang cudng nang luc cho he thing nhiem mdi trudng xung quanh Bd tri cac thung thu gom va van chuyen rac Kinh phi udc tinh ty chCpa rac va eae xe d i y nhd d i thu gom rac v i eae ding Vdn ngan sach nha nude bai tap kit Cac bai tap k i t phai dam bao yeu c i u ve sinh, tLP dd SLP dung xe ep rac chd d i n khu XLP ly Nghi Yen ,,, ,,, ,^,,,, , - Tai cac benh vien Idn d n phai xay dung cac Id ddt rac y t i chuyen dung - Du an 7: Xay dung cac Id d i t ehit thai nguy hai tCp cac hoat dpng cdng nghiep va c h i t thai benh vien Kinh phi udc tinh 20 ty d i n g Nguin vdn ODA - Du an 8: Di ddi cac ca sd gay d nhiim mdi trudng nghiem trpng nam xen ke khu dan cu c Xic djnh eie dw in wu tien ve CSHTMT KCN tap trung Huy ddng tCp nhiiu nguon v i n Tren ea sd cac giai phap quy hoach CSHTMT, - Du an 9: Hoan thien mang ludi quan trie mdi tac gia da de x u l t cac d u an bao ve mdi trudng trudng tren ea sd mang ludi quan t r i e hien cd, xay (BVMT) va phan ki thue hien d i n nam 2015 va dung va bo sung mpt s i tram quan t r i e c h i t lugng 2020 Cac du an BVMT bao gom: BVMT dd thj, khdng khi, nude va d i t Kinh phi udc tinh 500 trieu BVMT cdng nghiep, BVMT du Ijch, BVMT ndng thdn d i n g /nam Nguin von tCr ngan sach nha nude ngoai Sau day la mpt s i d u an xay dung CSHTMT duge xae djnh la uu tien cdng tac d Thanh lap ban quy hoaeh CSHTMT Vinh t - quan ly chit thai va giam thieu nhilm mdi trudng Viec lap ban quy hoaeh CSHTMT hien chit thai [4]: chua cd mdt quy trinh ehuan, dac biet la SLP - Du an 1: Md rdng nha may nude tCr cdng s u i t dung cdng nghe GIS Tac gia eho rang tren ban dd van m^ /ngay dem len van m^ /ngay dem vao quy hoaeh CSHTMT can phai the hien hai Idp thdng Tap chi Khi tvtdng Thuy van * Thang 3/2009 37 Nghidn cufu & Trao doi ' < - & •' tin chinh: Ldp thdng tin v i quy hoaeh SLP dung dat (cac thdng tin v i khdng gian cua eae d i i tugng SLP dung d i t ed tinh nhay cam vdi mdi trudng) va Idp thdng tin v i cac giai phap quy hoach CSHTMT (Quy hoaeh he thing thoat nude, XLP li nude thai, cac bai rac, he thong quan t r i e mdi trudng ) Mat khac, - Cac bai rac va khu XCP ii rac thai tap trung - He thing quan t r i e mdi trudng: g i m he thing quan trie mdi trudng thudng xuyen cua tinh dugc bo sung them diem quan t r i e mdi trudng nude, diem quan t r i e khdng khi, d i i m quan t r i e tiing i n giao thdng va cudng dp ddng xe mdt s i giai phap quy hoach CSHTMT khdng the the hien tren ban d i theo ty le khdng gian ma chi cd t h i Quy md, vi tri cua he thing thoat nude mua va t h i hien dudi dang d i i m phi ty le Cdng nghe GIS nude thai TP Vinh Cong ty T u v i n Thiit k i Xay eho phep dua eae d i i tugng t h i hien phi ty le len dung tinh Nghe An thuc hien nam 2002 tren ea sd ban d i theo dung vj tri d u k i i n quy hoaeh tren ea phuang an quy hoach TP Vinh da lap sd xac djnh ehinh xae tpa dp cua cac d i i tugng diy v i n d i d n h i l m mdi trudng nude eae hoat * o i l vdi p h i Vinh tac gia da chpn ty le ddng kinh te - dan sinh da dugc giai quyit v i ca 1/10.000 d i t h i hien ban quy hoaeh CSHTMT ban Mdi trudng nude mat dugc dam bao it bi d Tren ban ed eae Idp thdng tin sau: nhilm nhlL Od la muc tieu quan trpng cua cdng tac * Ldp thong tin v i quy hoaeh SLP dung d i t nam 2020: Cac thdng tin dugc lua chpn theo ban d i quy hoaeh SLP dung d i t s d K i hoach va O l u t u thue hien vao nam 1998 cd hieu ehinh vao nam 2003 QHMT cua TP Vinh qua trinh xay dung va phat triin Ket luan Quy hoach CSHTMT la ndi dung quan trpng bae nhit cdng tae lap quy hoaeh BVMT cua mdt * Thdng tin v i cac phuang an b i tri CSHTMT den nam 2020 bao g i m : - He thing thoat nude, de ngan nude: he thing thoat bao g i m he t h i n g sdng, kenh va he t h i n g cdng thoat nude (ehu y i u dpc dudng giao thdng) p h i va tram bam thoat nude mua dat d cac phudng Dpi Cung, Trung Od, B i n Thuy lanh tho, dae biet d i i vdi cac khu vuc dd thj, la nai trung tam cua cac hoat dpng kinh t i - xa hdi (Cdng nghiep, djch vu, dan eu, van hda xa hdi) Mue tieu ea ban eua cdng tac lap quy hoach CSHTMT la du bao dugc lugng cac c h i t thai phat sinh tCp eae hoat dpng phat triin, tren ea s d phan tich thuc trang v i CSHTMT thuc hien cac giai phap ky thuat - moi trudng d i XLP ly lugng c h i t thai d u bao phat sinh - He thing thoat nude thai: hien tai he t h i n g nham dam bao SCPC ehju tai eua mdi trudng va giam nude thai ehu y i u v i n chay ehung vdi he t h i n g thiiu dugc d n h i l m mdi trudng s i n g eua cpng thoat nude gay d nhiim va r i t khd kiem soat Trong d i n g Tren ca s d nhO'ng quan d i i m va phuang quy hoaeh he thing thoat nude thai eae khu phap luan lap quy hoach CSHTMT cua nhiiu tac gia cdng nghiep dugc chay rieng, qua cae tram XLP ly va ngoai nude, dae biet eua chuang trinh sau dd mdi he t h i n g thoat nude ehung Cdn mdt s i he thing nude thai chay chung vdi he thing thoat nude se duge XCP ly tai cac khu XLP ly nude thai chay ehung SEMLA, tac gia da Cpng dung d i lap ban d i quy hoach CSHTMT p h i Vinh vdi s u trg giup cua cdng nghe GIS Cae giai phap quy hoach CSHTMT eung vdi cae d u an eu t h i dugc d i xult - Cac tram XCP ly nude thai: gom khu XCP ly nude thai chay ehung va khu XCP ly nude thai tap trung - H i sinh hpc: gdm h i sinh hpc XLP ly thai dugc dat d euii cae kenh thai, vdi he thong ho sinh hpe gdp p h i n giai q u y i t v i n d i d nhiim mdi trudng cdng tae quy hoach, dam bao cho phuang an quy hoach dat dugc s u phat trien ben vu'ng Bai bao nay, trinh bay mdt p h i n k i t qua nghien se tang cudng nang luc mdt each t i t nhit cho CCPU eua de tai nghien CCPU ca ban: "Nghien CCPU, Cpng cho he thing XLP ly thai cua p h i dung cae modul tich hgp GIS d i xay dung ^o' 38 Tap chi Khi tiTc/ng Thuy van * Thang 3/2009 Nghidn cufu & Trao doi sd du- lieu ban danh gia c h i t lugng mdi trudng tho" (lay vf du tinh Nghe An), ma so 7.5 thude hudng phuc vu lap quy hoach bao ve mdi trudng vung lanh nghien cu'u Tai b i i n thien nhien va mdi trudng Viet Tai lieu tham khao Chuang trinh hgp tdc Viet Nam -Thuy Diin, SEMLA (2006) Quy hoach ea sd ting mdi trudng tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2007-2015 vd tim nhin 2020 Ban thao di cuang Luu Dire Hal, Nguyin Ngoc Sinh (2005) Quan ly mdi trudng chd suphat triin bin vu'ng NXB Dai hoe Quic gia Ha Npi Trin Hiiu Nhue vd nnk (2001) Qudn ly chit thai rin Tap 1: Chit thai rin dd thj NXB Xay di/ng Mai Trong Thdng vd nnk (2004) Quy hoaeh bao ve mdi trudng phi Vinh, tinh Nghe An Bdo edo ting hgp Di an cip tinh, Vien Dja ly Mai Trong Thdng, Ting Phiic Tuin vd nnk (2008) Nghien ciru, xdy dung quy hoach bao ve mdi trudng eho thj xa Thai Hda giai doan 2008 - 2015, cd tinh din 2020 Di tai thupc Chuang trinh khoa hoc cdng nghe cip tinh Nghe An, Vien Dja ly Mai Trgng Thdng va nnk (2005) Phdng ching, kiim sodt d nhiim va phuc hdi mdi trudng Bdo cao kit qua hoat dpng PI ciia Chuang trinh hgp tdc Viet Nam -Thuy Diin vi tang cudng nang luc quan ly dit dai vd mdi trudng (SEMLA) Bdo cao tong hgp, Vien Dja ly , , : , Mai Trong Thdng va nnk (2006) Sir dung phuang phdp tich hgp ArcView GIS di xdy dung cd sa dir lieu ban dd phue vu lap quy hoaeh bao ve mdi trudng Tap chi Khi tugng Thuy van si 552, thdng 12/2006 Mai Trong Thdng vd nnk (2007) Thanh lap ban quy hoaeh bao ve mdi trudng thdnh phi Vinh bdng phuang phdp tich hgp ban di ArcView GIS Tap chl Khi tugng Thiiy van si 563, thdng 11/2007 .'•f Tap chi Khi ttfcfng Thuy van * Thang 3/2009 39 ... lap ban quy hoaeh CSHTMT hien chit thai [4]: chua cd mdt quy trinh ehuan, dac biet la SLP - Du an 1: Md rdng nha may nude tCr cdng s u i t dung cdng nghe GIS Tac gia eho rang tren ban dd van m^... cdng tae quy hoach, dam bao cho phuang an quy hoach dat dugc s u phat trien ben vu''ng Bai bao nay, trinh bay mdt p h i n k i t qua nghien se tang cudng nang luc mdt each t i t nhit cho CCPU eua... dit, ca ban bao g i m : Quan ly nude va nude thai, quan khdng va canh quan t u nhien Mdt so nganh ly chit thai, quan ly cac ngudn tai nguyen khac va khae nhu det, da, san x u i t giiy cd lugng