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SUTDUNG CONG NGHE THONG TIN VA TRUYEN THONG (ICT) TRONG HOAT D O N G CHUYEN MON C M GIAO VIEN TIED HOC ThS Chu Vinli Qtiyfin Tru&ng Dgi hpc Suphgm Hd N^i 2 SUMMARY The article writing on the basis of[.]
SUTDUNG CONG NGHE THONG TIN VA TRUYEN THONG (ICT) TRONG HOAT D O N G CHUYEN MON C M GIAO VIEN TIED HOC ThS Chu Vinli Qtiyfin Tru&ng Dgi hpc Suphgm Hd N^i SUMMARY The article writing on the basis of requirements for ICT capacity will present the basic content of applying ICT in professional activities of primary school teachers in general and In teaching math In particular Keywords: Information technology, primary teacher Ngdy ntt^n bdi: 28/8/2015; Ngdy duyft ddng: 28/9/2015 l.D$tvindl Vife flng dyng cdng nghf thdng tin va tmyln thdng (CNTT&TT) s6 gdp ph&i phdt trien, nang cao hifu qud hogt dfng su phgm Nhu vfy, xem xSt vifc flng dyng CNTT&TT cdn xem xdt nd cdc hogt dpng cfla ngudi GV nhu: NghiSn cflu hpc sinh (HS); Ldnh dgo vd qudn li HS, vifc hgc cfla HS; Thilt ke dgy hpc todn tilu hgc vd hogt dgng giao dye; Dgy hpc tryc tilp Dl ldm dugc dilu dd can ph^ xdc djnh rd rdng kT ndng CNTT&TT cfla GV cin Id gi vd cdch thfls sfl dyng dl dgt hifu qud cao nhit uong gidng d9y- ^_ ITng dyng ICT hogt dpng chuyen mdn cfla GVTH 2.1 Ti'ong hogt dpng dgy hgc a) tfng dgng sogn thdo: Mgt nhflng flng dyng cfla CNTT dgy hpe (DH) la sogn thdo Hifn cd nhilu phin mera giup cho GV sogn thdo, dd thdng dyng nhit hifn Id MS Word Tuy nhiSn, dl sfl dyng MS Word mft cdch hifu qud, ngoai thao tdc CO bdn, GV cin ndm them mft so tinh ndng ndng cao nhu chen ty dfng dogn vdn bdn, luu vit, hpn thu, tgo thS dogn myc lyc, vg hhih don gidn Ngodi ra, tfly theo d$c thfl mdn hpc GV nen bilt raft so phin mem bl trg nhu: Mathcad, Sketpad, Latex v.v b) Khai thdc vd su dgng cdc sdn phdm cua cdc phdn mim dgy hgc: KM nhilu cdc phin mim dgy hoc (PMDH) dugc bdn rfng rdi trSn thj Uudng, cdc dflng DH cd sdn Uen cac trang web cho phep cdc GV khdng cd thdi gian hofc khdng dfl khd ndng tm hpc lya chpn vd sfl dyng cdc cdcflngdyng CNTT uong gid hgc dl tlra kiem, lya chgn cdc cdng cy cd tinh tucmg tdc h5 trg cho vifc tim t6i, phdt hifn cdc nfi dung todn hgc GV cung cd thl sfl dyng chflc ndng tim kilm cfla Google, vdi cdc tfl khod bdng tilng Vift, tilng Anh, v.v ^ , , c) Su dgng cdc phdn mim cdng eg de thiet ki cdc ung dgng CNTT hd trgr: Cdc PIvTOH cd sdn cd thl khdng d ^ dfl vd khdng theo y dd su phgm cfla GV, hode chua thyc sy phfl hgp cho DH d tilu hpc (TH) Khi dd, nlu cd khd ndng tin hpc nhit djnh, GV cd thS ty thilt kS theo S minh dya trSn tinh ndng cfla cdc phin mem cdng cy, chdng hgn nhu PowerPoint, Violet, Lecture Maker, Adobe Presenter, v.v Ngodi ra, GV cd thS sfl dyng mft s6 phin mira cdng cy khdc nhu The Geometer's Sketpad, GeoGebra v.v dh diiSt kl cacflngdyng CNTT giflp HS phdt hifn tri thflc radi Vf dy: Tiet 93, Todn "Hlnh blnh hdnh": GV cd thS sfl dyng phin mim GeoGebra thilt kl mpt hinh binh hdnh trSn ludi d vudng cho HS cd the di chuyin cdc dinh cfla hlnh blnh hdnh-dl dupc cdc hinh mdi cd kich thudc, vj tr( khdc nhung vin glQ nguyen cdc d$c diem cfla hinh binh hdnh GV hudng dan HS thyc hifn cdc thao tdc kfch vd rS chuft, quan sdt, phdn tich, so sdnh ve cac ylu to liSn quan den cdc c5p cgnh doi difn cfla tfl gidc ABCD Tfl dd rut kit Iudn: Hlnh blnh hanh cd hai cfp cgnh doi difn song song vd bdng Luu y: Dfl khai thdc CNTT theo hudng ndo, GV cimg cin tdng cudng sfl dyng CNTT vdi vai trd Id ngudn tri thflc dli vdi HS, flng dyng CNTT dl tdc dpng vdo dflng cho chuyin djch giQa tilm ndng vd bifn thyc tflc Id "vimg phdt Uiln gan nhit" cfla HS, diu dit vd dfng viSn cdc em suy nghT, hdnh dfng, dya vdo no lyc cua chinh minh dl dgt dupc trinh df phdt Uien radi cao hon d) Thiet ke bdi gidng dl^n tic Thep PGS TS Dao Thai Lai, mft bdi gidng difn tfl can the hifn dugc ylu to: 1) Tfnh phucmg tifn, 2) Tinh tuong tac, 3) Tri thflc Thiet ke bdi gidng difn tfl phdi ddra bao tfnh tryc quan, tinh vfla sflc vd tfnh thong nhit glQa myc tlSu - nfi dung - phuang phap Vi vdy, theo chflng tdi quy trinh thilt kl bai giang difn tfl gom cdc budc sau: Bu&c 1: Xdc dfnh mac tiSu bdi hpc: Trong DH hudng tfp trung vdo HS, myc tieu phai chi rd hpc xong bai, HS dgt dugc cdi gl Myc tieu d ddy la myc tiSu hgc tdp, chfl khdng phdi Id myc tieu gidng d^, TAP CHi T H I ^ B [ G U DMC-sti 122-10/2015 • NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG tflc Id chi sdn phim md HS cd dugc sau bdi hgc kit hpp nhuan nhi^ln gifla vifc sfl dyng phuong Dgc Id sdch ddo khoa (SGK), kit t^^p vdi cde tdi lifu phdp ddc thfl cfla bf radn; trdnh vifc xem iJmg dyng tham khdo ^ thn hilu nfi dimg cfla m3i myc hong CNTT&TT id mpt phucmg phdp DH mdi bdi vi flng bdi vd cdi dich cin dgt tdi cfla moi myc TrSn ca sd dyng CNTT&TT chi giflp ho trg dli mdi phuong dd xdc djnh dich cin dat tdi cfla cd bdi ve kien thflc, phdp dgy - hgc - TiSa chain Vi phuffng tifn vd kt thu^t: kr ndng, thdi df Budc 2: Xdc djnh trpng tdm vd kiin thuc ca Xem xet vifc kSt hgp phutmg tifn cigy - hgc truyen thong vdi phuong tifn CNTT&TT vd kT thuft thiet bdn: GV ein bdm sat vdo chucmg trlnh DH va SGK bf mdn Ngoai ra, GV phdi doc them tdi lifu tham kl cdc slides khdo dl md rfng hilu biet vl van de can gidng dgy vd - Tliu chain Vi ti ch&c l&p hpc: DG sy phdn tgo khd ndng chgn dflng kiln thflc co bdn Vifc ch9n phli th&i gian hpp ly giQa cdc bucSrc ISn Idp, vifc tl Ipc kiln thflc co bdn cfla bai cd thl gdn v&i vi^c sdp chflc HS hpc tgp tich cyc, ddm sy tucmg tdc giQa HS xip Igi ciu trflc cfla bdi dS Idm nli bdt cdc mdi liSn vdi bai hpc, sy ddpflngvol tinh cd the bdi hgc, hf giQa cdc hpp phin kiln xhiK cfla bdi, tfl dd rd them cd thl giup HS t^ hpc mgi lflc, mgi ncri; Td chflc hpp cde trpng tdm, Ugng dilm cfla bdl ly vifc trlnh chilu, minh hga vdl vifc to chflc hojit Bf^c 3: Xdy d^ng kick bdn DHcho vi^c thiit dgng hgc tgp, ren luyfn theo to, nhdm; dieu khiln HS ki bdi gidng trin mdy: Xdc djnh ciu trflc cfla kjch ddng gdp xay dyng bai; tgo dieu kifn cho HS tuong bdn; Chi tilt hda eiu trflc cua kjch bdn; Xdc djnh cdc tdc v&i bdi gidng difn tfl bud€ cfla qua trinh dgy hgc: Xdc djnh qud trinh tucmg - 77^11 chuin^ Uia chuin vi kit qud, hi^u tdc gifla GV, HS vd cdc doi tupng khdc (phim, dnh, qua: G V tl chuc tdt hogt dfng day hgc, tgo hflng thfl text) - hogt dgng cfla G V HS va cdng cy h5 tn?; Xdc hpc tfp cfla HS, gdp phan doi mdi phucmg phip djnh cdc cdu hdi, phan hoi cdc hogt dfng; Hlnh dgy hgc HS ghi dugc bdi, da s6 HS hilu bdi, nam dung (lip ghdp) thdnh tiln Uinh dgy hpc vflng trpng tam, bilt vfn dyng kiSn thflc 2.2 Trong hogt dpng ddnh gid (DG) Budc 4: Xdc d'inh tu lifu cho cdc hogt dpng Ngdy nay, CNTT dugc flng dyng nhilu cda bdi gidng: Sau cd dugc diy dfl tu Hfu can dflng cho bdi gidng difn tfl, phdi tiln hdnh sip xep to cdng tdc DG ndi chung vd DG HS, cdn bp ndi rieng chflc lgi thdnh thu vifn tu lifu, tflc Id tgo dugc cdy nh& nhQng lgi thl cfla nd vl luu trfl, thdng kf, tinh todn, sdp xipj lgc dQ lifu Nhd CNTT rad HS c6 thu myc hgp ly Bu&c 5: £(ni chpn phdn mim cdng cg vd si the ty DG kiSn thflc cfla minh bdng cac phan mem hda kfch bdn dgy hpc: Trudc hit cin chia qud trlnh trie nghifm dl tfl dd tu bo sung, hodn thifn kiln thflc DH gid ISn ldp thdnh cac hogt dgng nhfn thflc GV, nhd trudng DG ket qud hgc t|ip cfla HS mgt cdch cy thl TuJ theo nfi dung cy thl md thdng tin trSn chinh xdc, khdch quan hon td chflc thi, kilm tra moi slide/ Uang cd thl Id vdn bdn, dl hog, tranh dnh, b ^ g mdy tinh Hifn nay, nhilu Uudng dd sfl cdc phk dm thanh, video clip Vdn bdn cin trinh bdy ngin mim thi trie nghifm de to chflc thi hgc ky, thi thfl cho ggn cd dgng, chfl yeu Id cdc tieu dl vd ddn•yco ban HS Vifc sfl dyng cdc phdn mem thi trie nghifm Khi trlnh bdy nfn sfl dyng so dl khdi dk HS thiy DG kit qud hgc t^ cfla HS mang lgi nhQng lgi ich co dugc cau trflc logic cfla nhQng nfi dung cin bdn sau: TTiugn tifn vifc tgo dl thi; Cho kit qui Uinh bdy Cdi quan ugng Id dli tupng trinh diln chinh xdc, khdch quan; Cd cde sd lifu thong kf, tong khdng chi dl GV tuong tdc vdi mdy tinh md chinh Id hgp nhanh chdngi chlnh xdc; Xay dyng dupc nran h5 trv mdt cdch hifu qud sy tuong tdc GV - HS, HS hdng dl thi dl sfl dyng nhilu lin; Cd khd ndng kiem - HS Cuoi cflng Id thyc hifn cac lien kit (hyperiink) tra lugng kien thflc, kT ndng cfla todn bg chuong trinh Uong mft khodng thdi gian ngdn hpp ly, logic len cdc ddi tuyng bdi gidng Budc 6: Xem xet, diiu chinh, thi hi$n thir (day Vi d^ 8: Sfl dyng phin mem Violet dl tgo mft thu) vd hodn chinh: Sau thilt ke xong, phdi tiln bdi tfp trde n^ifm dflng/sai: Cdc khdng djnh sau la hdnh chgy thfl chuong trinh, kilm tra cde sai sdt, dfe dflng hay sal? bift Id ciic lien kit de tiln hdnh sfla chfla va hodn thifn d) Ddnh gid tiit dgy cd img dgng CNTT: Tham khdo tiiu chi ddnh gid hifu qud gid giang cd fltig dyng CNTT cfla cdc tdc gid Tran Trung vd Ddo Vift Hfli^, chflng tdi dl xuit tieu chu^ sau: - mu chain Vi npi dung: DG vifc lya chgn chfl dl dl flng dyng CNTT&TT; cd sfl dyng phuong tifn multimedia minh hoa 2.3 Hogt dpng tfr bit dudng, tg- nghiin cihi - Ttiu chain VS phuffng phdp: Xem xSt sy ndng cao ndng l^c suphgm It • TAP CHl THlfTBIGlAO DMC-sti 122-10/2015 II a) Ndng cao tri thuc vd tdm hiiu biet: Khoa hgc cdng nghf khdng ngflng phat Uien, dan din ngi dung DH ngdy cdne hoan thifn, chuan hod vd hifn dai hda VI vfy, GV clan tfch cyc nang cao kiln thuc chuySn mdn thdng qua vifc dpc, nghien cflu cdc tdi lifu, gido Uinh lifn quan Tdi nguySn phong phfl vd de ddng tim kilm de ndng cao trinh df chuySn mdn chinh la Internet vdi cdc dja chi tin cdy nhu cdc website cfla Bf GD&DT, thu vifn difn tfl, cdc dien ddn cfla GV troi^ vd ngodi nudc Kenh thdng tin cung rit da dgng vd phong phfl nhu: vdn bdn, tdl lifu, gido Uinh; Video clip (bdi dgy m§u; Idp hgc do; gi& hgc tich cyc) vd cdc phin mem phyc vy chuySn mdn (Phin mim thilt kl thi nghifm do; phin mim kilm tra, DG ) ;y phdnj phdng bgc tryc tiQ^li cdng cy 'en vdi Adobe Coimeet: Hinh Giao dl$n chinh cua cdng eg Cac tinh ndng chinh cfla cdng cy ndy gdm: Phdt hlnh video: ngudi gidng bdi; Phdt tieng (voice, sound); Trinh chieu powerpoint; Trinh chieu chia se mdn hlnh cdc flng dyng khdc; Trinh chieu chia se mdn hlnh windows; Cfla so Uao dll qua gd phim (Chatting room); Thdm dd du lufn, bd phieu b) Hlnh thdnh vd phdt triin ndng lyre chi biin (Polling, Vote); Bdng trdng dl v5, vilt ; Tmyen tfp tdi liiu hgc tgp: Vdi sy phat trien cua khoa hgc cdng (file transfer); Cfng tdc, ldm vifc chung; Diln ddn nghf, dfe bift Id CNTT dd raang din cho ngu&i trao dli; Kilm tra kiln thflc bdng thi trde nghif nhfhig thufn Igi vd uu thl quan trgng cufc sdng GVTH cd thl sfl dyng cdng cy ndy dk gidng bai tfl vd cdng vifc Cdc tinh ndng cfla CNTT nhu: mgng, xa, chia se bai gidng eLearaing, giao lim chia sf kiln tdi ngiQ'Sn, tuong tdc va giao tilp todn ciu dd giflp thux: kinh nghifm, thdm dd y kien HS, phy huynh, cho moi ngu&i nhanh chdng tiep cgn vdi the gi&i 2.S Ddnh gid hifu qud ung dgng ICT xung quanh D$c bift, v&l nguon tdl nguySn dli ddo hogt dpng chuyin mon cda GVTH Hifu qua cua vd khd ndng tmy cfp, luu glQ tifn lpi Id mft im thl ICT hogt dgng chuySn mdn cfla GVTH thl hifn quan trpng cho mSi GV sfl dyng dk kihaitiidc,luu trfl d mft sl nfi dung sau: vd xdy dyng, chl bien cdc tdi lifu DH nhim giflp HS - Md rfng khd ndng tim kilm vd khai thdc thdng tucmg tdc vdi cde tlnh hulng, vin dl khdc cfla nghi nghifp Hem nfla, tgo mdi tru&ng hgc tgp hifn tin cho GV vd HS: Thdng qua vifc tra cflu, tim kilm dgi, nfi dung phong phfl, hip din vd gdn gui v&i HS thdng tin cdc phan mem vd trSn cdc trang web, Z4 Hopt dpng giup dff hpc sinh ngodi gi& len GV cd thl khai thdc thdng tin nhu tranh dnh, dm thanh, video clip dl bo sung cho bai dgy; HS cd thl ldp a) Trif giup HS t^r hgc: Trong dieu kifn nhieu chfl dgng tim kilm thdng tin md rpng ho$c cdc bdi HS cd dilu kifn Uang bj mdy tfnh t^ nhd rieng thl tfp, bdi thyc hanh cho cdc kiln thflc dd dugc tmyln ddy id mpt hlnh thflc cdn dupc khuyin khich vd khai thy tren ldp hgc thdc sfl dyng vl th&i lugng HS ty hpc d ngodi mgt - Ndng cao hifu qud truyln dgt vd ITnh hpi tri phgm vi ldp hpc Id rit lon, m$t khdc nd khdng trdi thflc: GV cd the flng dyng CNTT dk sogn gido dn bufc HS vS m$t thdl gian, dja dilm, ching hgn: difn tfl, trinh chilu trSn Idp hgc cdc gid Ien ldp - GV nhifm vy, HS sfl dyng phin mim dfe Thdng qua gido dn difn tfl, kiln thflc cd the bilu diln lfp tim tdi vd dua cdch gidi quylt vin dl GV kilm dudi dgng kSnh chfl, kSnh hlnh, qua dd tgo hflng thfl tra, nhfn djnh lgi kit qud cho HS, kich thich HS chu dfng, tfch cyc vifc - GV thilt kl nhifm vy hgc tfp ghi cac ITnh hgi tri thflc tfp tin - Tdng cudng vifc giao luu^ trao dli tiidng tin - Sfl dyng cdc bai gidng "gia su difn tfl" giQa GV vd HS: Thdng qua vifc flng dyng CNTT, b) DH qua mgng: Moi nhd Uudng diu cd mft GV cd thl tgo nhilu co hfi dl HS bfe Id iihihig quan trang webriSngcfla minh HS tmy cfp qua mgng vd dilm, suy ngh? cfla bdn than vl cdc kien thflc thyc hifn tiieo phde dd hgc tgp dugc qt^' ^Ijnh Cdc bai hgc cflng nhu cdch tmyen thy kien thflx; cfla GV thdc mdc hofc trao ddi diu dupc thyc hifn nhanh GV de dang tilp nhfn dugc thdng tin phdn hii tfl HS chdng bdng djch vy thu difn tfl (email) hofc trao doi vd HS dugc rSn luyfn cdc kT ndng trao dli, thdo ludn, Uyc tuyln (online) vdi GV hudng din theo cdc gi& tiiuylt trinh quy djnh - Nang cao hifu qua cfla hogt dfng kilm tra, DG c) Phdng hgc trgc tuyin: Tilp nhfn cdc thdng Kit luf Vifc xac dinh T6 vai trd CNTT&TT tin noi bgt; Bli duSng chuySn mdn thdng qua cdc hogt dfng chuyen mdn cfla GVTH ndi chung khda hpc bl sung vl kiln tiiflc vl nghifp vy Cdc tdi lifu (tiiam khdo); cdc gido dn (tiiam khdo); chia sf va DH mdn todn ndiriSnggdp phin djnh hudng cho GV cd cdc bifn phdp cy thl vifc khai thdc kinh nghifm qua dien ^n, Vidy 9: Minh hga vifc to chflc SHCM online qua (Xem tiip trang 96) TAP CHl THlfTBIGlAo DMC-sti 2 - / • 11 ... thl khai thdc thdng tin nhu tranh dnh, dm thanh, video clip dl bo sung cho bai dgy; HS cd thl ldp a) Trif giup HS t^r hgc: Trong dieu kifn nhieu chfl dgng tim kilm thdng tin md rpng ho$c cdc... chuySn mdn chinh la Internet vdi cdc dja chi tin cdy nhu cdc website cfla Bf GD&DT, thu vifn difn tfl, cdc dien ddn cfla GV troi^ vd ngodi nudc Kenh thdng tin cung rit da dgng vd phong phfl nhu: vdn... nghifp Hem nfla, tgo mdi tru&ng hgc tgp hifn tin cho GV vd HS: Thdng qua vifc tra cflu, tim kilm dgi, nfi dung phong phfl, hip din vd gdn gui v&i HS thdng tin cdc phan mem vd trSn cdc trang web, Z4