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NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG II NANG CAO NANG LUC Slif DUNG DO DUNG TRUC OUAN OUY UllC TRON& DAY HOC UCH SUl jf TRIf(M& TRUNG HOC PHli T H O N O • • • I CN K6 Ngoc Cirdng; PGS TS D$ng Vdn H6 Tru&ng DHSP DHHu[.]
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG II NANG CAO NANG LUC Slif DUNG DO DUNG TRUC OUAN OUY UllC TRON& DAY HOC UCH SUl jf TRIf(M& TRUNG HOC PHli THONO • • • I CN K6 Ngoc Cirdng; PGS.TS D$ng Vdn H6 Tru&ng DHSP- DHHui SUMMARY Based on the clarification of concepts and the importance of capacity building using conventio visual appliances, authors have proposedfivemeasures to enhance the capacity of intuitive use conventio appliances That measures: Creating excitement in the class; use of information technology achievem use written materials combined cognitive questions; use pictorial history; conducting group-based lea Keywords: Capacity use utensils visual convention in history teaching in schools Ngdy nh^ bdi: 22/8/2014; Ng^ duy^ ddng: 26^/2014 Mdi mdn hpc frong nhi trutog phd thdng diu cd cich don giin nhit, tgo sy hip dan li tgo sy thich thu cua HS Cich don gito nhit dl tgo sy hip din thutog hf thdng phuang phip gitog dgy phu hpp vdi bf mdn minh Trong phuang phip dgy hpc lich sft, nguyfn li GV giy in tupng, thu hiit sy ehft y cua HS bing tie trye quan li nguyfn tie co bto cua ly lu^ dgy cich lya chpn vi chi cho HS thiy dvtqc nhtog chi tilt hpc, gdp phin ning cao chit lupng dgy hpc lich sft, ed tinh gpi cim nhit hay nhtog chi tilt dOe dio nhit giy htog thii, phit huy tinh tich eye chu dOng, sing cua mSi logi dd dtog GV cQng ed thi tgo nhtog tgo hpc tap cho hpc sinh Ndng cao ndng life sir dyng tinh hudng ed vin dl, lim niy sinh dOt xuit nhu ciu dung tnfc quan quy udc cho hgc sinh dgy mdi, cip thilt cua HS vl mOt ddi tupng cy thi nio Ape lich sir Id mgt yeu cdu ca ban di thtrc hi?n vi?c dd mi nlu nhu khdng thyc hifn dupe, eie em sg cim dgy hgc theo hudng tich hda thiy khd chiu Dl thda nhu ciu, HS sg tim tdi Tuy nhien thyc tiln dgy - hpc d trutog phd thdng say mg vi ed htog thft ddi vdi chinh ddi tupng dd hifn cho thiy GV dang gip khdng it khd khan, V^n dyng thinh tyu cdng nghf thdng tin bgn ehlfrongvife ntog cao nang lye sft dyng dd dtog dl ning cao ning lye su dyng dl ddng trye quan trye quan quy udc dl phit huy tinh tich eye hpc tgp quy udc Nhd sy ho trp edng nghf thdng tm vdi eie cdng ciia hpc sinh Xudt phat tir nhung vdn di tren chung tdi dixuk mgt sdbi^n phap nhdm ndng cao ndngltfc cy vi phuang tifn khic gdm vto bin, hinh inh, su dung dd dung true quan quy ude cho hgc sinh phim, im thanh, ngudi GV cd thi thyc hifn giio in difn tft vdi diy du kfnh ehft kfnh hinh, im qua day hgc lich sit a trudng Trung hgc phd thong NSng cao ning lye siir dyng dl diing trye dd hpc sinh khdng chi rfn luyfn ning dpe, nghe, quan quy udc (DDTQQlT) thdng qua dudng vilt mi cdn quan sit vi cim nh$n eie sy kifn Vdi tgo \i\mg thu hpc t$p bO mdn sy hd trp cua cdng nghf thdng tin, GV ed thi nang Ben egnh vife xic dinh thii dO dtog din, vife cao nang lye sft dyng dd dtog trye quan quy udc, sft dyng DDTQQU" mudn cd hifu qui phii ein tgo xiy dyng ciu hdi hpc t$p, eie bii t?ip thyc hinh, dd htog thu cho HS, vi htog thft ed tic dyng khich If vui lich sft bing phin mIm Power Poiiit Vi dyi: Khi HS tich eye tim tdi, suy nghi vi tilp thu kiln thftc tdt dgy myc II.2, bdi 20 "Cudc khdng chiin todn qudc ban Xdt Udn binh difn phit triln cua cic hifn tupng chdng thifc ddn Phdp kit thuc (1953 -1954) ", trude tam li, cic nhi tam li hpc cho ring cd ba dutog tudng thugt vi d0 tiin cdng thir 2, GVneu vdn ca bin dk binh thinh vi phit triln htog thu Dd li: di vd ddt cdu hdi: D0 tiin cdng thit a Di?n Biin tft nhu ciu din htog thft; tft tinh cim nh^ thftc Phu cda quan ta keo ddi gdn thdng (tir ngdy 30-3 din htog thu; tft nh|n thftc - tinh cim din hftng thft din ngdy 26-4-1954) vd hit siirc khd khdn, quyit li^t [1, tr 134,135] Theo dd thi dgy hpc lich sft dl (trong ^i dgrt I chi cd ngdy) Vgy vi sgo cugc chiin ning cao vife sft dyng DDTQQlT cho HS ein tgo giira ta vd dich d0 diin gidng co, quyit sy hip din vife sft dyng DDTQQU" Hilu mOt li?t vd keo ddi? TAP CHf THlfr BI GlAO DMC - Sd 109 • 9/2014 • 33 NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG trin dudng sd 4? " Vdi cich dit ciu hdi kit hpp bii tutog thuft trgn sg giup hpc sinh hilu rd ban phuong chim tie chiln " dinh dilm dift vifn" chiln dich Bign gidi thu - ddng 1950 Sii- dyng tranh inh Ifch su de ning cao hifu qui vife sur dyng d l dikng trye quan quy udc Song song vdi vife kit hpp cic logi dd dtog trye quan khic, thi vife sft dyng tit tranh inh lich su \i bifn phip ning cao ntog lye sft dyng dd dtog trye quan quy \x6c Bdi vi, hpc sinh dupe tilp thu lich sft qua nhtog hinh inh tinh sg dem Igi cho cic em nhtog in tupng siu sic, tft " trye quan sinh dfng" hpc sinh sg " tu trftu tupng" bing cich dua cic n h ^ xft vi rut dupe nhtog kit luin chinh xic Vi dif, dgy bii 14 Phong trao each mgng 1930 1935, GV hutog din HS xem ba kgnh hinh: Hinh Lugre dd phong trao Xd viit Ngh^ Tinh; Hinh Ddu tranh phong trao Xd viit Ngh$ - Tinh; Hinh Trdn Phu (1904 -1931) vi dit ciu hdi: Ngi dung kenh hinh phdn anh diiu gi? Ba kinh hinh 1, 2, ed liin quan vdi nhu thi nao? Cung vdi qui trinh HS tri Idi, GV giftp eie em khai thie dupe Hinh 1, ndi vl phgm vi, quy md bftng nd ciia phong trio; Hinh 2, phin inh vl hinh thftc diu tranh; Hinh 3, dk c^p din vai trd lanh dgo cua Ding COng sin Vift Nam Cich dinh hutog nhgn thftc bii hpc qua vife kit hpp lupe dd vdi tranh anh lich sft nhu trfn di dua d\iqG nhtog bilu tupng vi din chtog khdng chi giftp HS bilt dupe nOi dung chinh cua bii li hpc vl phong trio 1930 -1931 mOt cich nhanh chdng mi nd cdn cung cip cho eie em thiy d\xqc nhtog nft khii quit cua phong trio Cich hpc niy cd tie dyng GV dit ciu hdi "Vi Ddng ta quyit dinh chgn kich thich tri td md, ham mudn tim hilu tilp ein vin Ddng Khi Idm diem md ddu chiin dich Bien gidi dl tft phia HS Khi tutog thuit diln biln dpt tiln cdng thft cua quin ta d Difn Bign Phu, ddi hdi GV phii sft dyng bin dd giio khoa difn tft vl Chiin dich Diin Bien Phu (1954) dk giii thich cho HS hilu rd vin dk niy GV ygu ciu HS theo ddi bin dd, kit hpp tutog thuit vi giii thich Trong qui trinh giii thich, dl thu hiit sy chd y vi kich thich sy tham gia tri Idi cua cic em, GV cd thi ngu mft sd ciu hdi gpi md nhu: Myc tigu tin cdng dpt cua ta vio diu? Dich bd tri lye lupng d diy nhu thi nio? HS suy nghT, tri Idi dxiqc cic ciu hdi gpi md niy sg gdp phin giii quylt, lim sing td dupe vin dl Sir dyng tii lifu thinh vSn kit hpp ciu hdi nh$n thirc dl ning cao ning lye sii' dyng d l diing trye quan quy udc dgy hpc ljch su Trong dgy hpc lich sft, tii lifu thinh vin li chile "ciu ndi" giOa qui khft vdi hifn tgi, li mOt ngudn nhin thftc quan Upng cua vife fruyin bi vi nhin thftc lich sft Nd li phuang tifn dl tgo bilu tupng, hinh thinh khii nifm lich sft Trdn co sd ngudn tii lifu dd kit hpp vdi ciu hdi nh$n thftc sg giup hpc sinh cd dilu kifn nhd ky, hilu siu nhtog hinh inh, kiln thftc lich sft, phit triln ning quan sit, tri tutog tupng, tu vi ngdn ngft cua hpc sinh; kich thich, ting eutog, cung el nhtog tinh cim v i xfte cim lich sft ciia HS Vi dy: dgy hpc myc "Chiin dich Biin gidi thu - ddng 1950 " (Bdi 18) Khi tutog thu^t diln biln cua chiln dich Bign gidi thu - ddng 1950, GV nfn sft dyng lupe dl kit hpp vdi tii lifu tham khio, Uanh inh, dl trinh biy diln bifn cua chiln dich bifn gidi, dd t$p trung vio tutog thi4t tr^n Ddng Khgvisy kifn 16.9.1950 Hinh minh hga cho vi?c sir dying dying DDTQQU kit hgp vdi tranh anh lich sir theo hudng ndng cao Luge dd phong trao Xd Viit-NgH Tinh Ddu tranh phong trdo Xd Viit-NgH Tinh 34 • TAP CHf THlfTBIGlAO DMC-sd - / D/c Trdn Phu (1904-1931) NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG Khi trinh chilu cic kgnh hinh trgn bing da thu hut dupe sy chu y cua tit ci HS Uong ldp tft diu vi etog li hhih thftc tii ghi nhd kiln thftc qua cic kgnh hinh mi HS da dupe xem hoac khai thie nhtog gid hpc trude Cic hmh niy cd tic dyng lim dilm tya dl HS nhanh nhd igi kiln thftc cu mOt cich hf thdng HS dupe hpp tic vdi bgn dk xic dinh phuong to tri Idi Nd tgo sy thoii mii, htog thu hpc tip giy tri td rod vi ham mudn giii quylt vin dk a HS Ddng thdi, nd etog khii quit dupe kiln thftc co bin, giup HS nhd Igi nhtog bude ngoit quan trpng ciia cuOc khtog chiln chdng Phip, chuin bi cho qui trinh nghign eftu, tilp thu kiln thftc mdi cua HS tdt ban Tiln hinh dgy hpc theo nhdm li bifn phip quan trpng nhim ning cao ning lye su- dyng diing trye quan quy udc Phuang phip hogt dOng nhdm sg phit huy hifu qui tdt nhit li ein ed y kiln tgp thi dl giii quylt nhtog ciu hdi khd, cau hdi nhin thftc mi GV dua ra, sft dyng DDTQQU" Di ndng cao hi$u qua sir dyng DDTQQU, thi bi$n phdp hogt dgng nhdm gilt mgt vai trd quan trgng, nhdt Id sit dung nien biiu tdng hgp hay lugre dd chiin dich, trgn danh Idn Vi dy, dgy myc II, bii 20 Cugc khdng chiin todn qudc chdng thw ddn Phdp kit thdc (1953-1954) Cy thi, cudi tilt hpc trude, dl rfn luyfn -^ thftc ty giie, thii dO lim vife nghifm tuc cua HS, GV bii t^p vl nhi cho HS: Suu tim tu lifu vl Difn Bign Phft (yi tri, sy chuin bi cua ta cho chiln dich, tinh thin chiln diu dtog cim cua quto dto ta); Dpe SGK vi theo ddi diln biln chiln dich Difn Bign Phft trgn Luge dd diin biin chiin dich Di$n Bien Phu (1954), Hinh 54 SGK HS ldp dupe chia thtoh nhdm Mdi nhdm chuin bi mOt vin dk: nhdm vl vi tri chiln lupe cua Difn Bign Phu; nhdm vl sy chuin hi ciia ta cho chiln dich Difn Bifn Phu; nhdm trirJi biy dien biln chiln dich Difn Bign Phu frfn lupe dd Bii chuin bi cua ei ba nhdm dupe thilt kl trgn miy tinh Cic nhdm ty eft dgi difn trinh biy Trfn ldp, GV dit vin d l : Sau nhOng hogt dgng quan su trin mdt trgn chinh dign cua ta ddng xudn 1953 -1954, Ph^phdi rdi quan tgp trung nam nai vd qttyit dinh xay dung Di^n Bien Phu t^ doan cit diim mgnh nhdt Ddng Duang Vgy vi Phdp ehgn Di?n Bien Phu Idm noi quyit chiin chiin luge vdi ta, chiin dich Di?n Biin Phu diin nhu thi nao, kit qua Dd Id nhOng ngi dung chinh cua tiit hgc cdn phdi lam rd Hogt dOng hpc thft nhit nhim gidi thifu eft dilm Difn Bifn Phu dupe nhdm thft nhit II thyc hifn Cic em di sft dyng chinh lupe dd diln biln chiln dich Difn Bign Phu thilt kl trgn miy tinh vdi miu sic vi nhtog hinh inh dOng kit hpp vdi nhtog tiilu bilt qua dpe tu Ufu dk migu ti vl tip doin eft dilm ciia Phip Kit thuc phin trinh biy cua dgi difn nhdm 1, HS ldp trao ddi, thio lugn dl tm nhtog khd khan, thuin Ipi ciia eft dilm Difn Bign Phii vl phia ta vi dich Sau cic nhdm trinh biy, GV etog cd bii hpc bing cich khii quit Igi nhtog y chinh cua bii, hoic ngu ciu hdi hutog vio phin nOi dung chmh cua bii rdi gpi HS tri Idi, sau dd GV hoto thifn Cich etog ed niy nd vira giup HS ghi nhd kiln thftc vira rgn luyfn dupe kl ntog sft dyng dd dtog DDTQQU Vdi bifn phip niy thyc sy da phit huy dupe tuih tich eye ciia HS, dua cic em vl dung vi tri cua ngudi hpc dg ty khim phi tri thftc Hpc tgp mdn lich sft d trutog THPT etog nhu cic mdn hpc khic, khdng chi tich liiy kiln thftc bing cich ghi nhd sy kifn mi phii dit ygu ciu li phii phit triln dupe tri thdng minh, sing tgo, ntog tu dk cd thi ip dyng vi giii quylt cic vin dl dit ciia cuOe sdng Tuy nhign, qua dilu tra khio sit, chtog tdi n h ^ thiy mOt s6 GV vi hpc sinh vin chua nhgn thftc dtog vl ehftc ning cua dd dtog trye quan quy udc, vife sft dyng chua thutog xiQfgn vi cdn Itog ttog vife xic dinh cic bifn phip cho ed hifu qui vi ntog cao ntog lye cho hpc sinh, Tii lifu tham khio Lg Thi Btog (chii bign) - Nguyin Thi Huf Nguyin Dftc San (2008) Cdc thuge tinh tdm lidiin hinh cua nhdn each NXB Dgi hpc su phgm Hi Nfi Nguyen Thi Cdi - Trinh Dinh Tung - Lgi Dftc Thy Trin Dure Minh (1995) Ren luygn lid: ndng nghi4p vy suphgm mdn Lich sit DH Su phgm Hi NOi Dang COng sto Vift Nam Nghi quyit Hgi nghf Idn thit 8, Ban Ch^ hanh Trung uang khda XI (Nghi quylt sd 29-NQ/TW ngiy 4/11/2013) Lg Cdng Trigm, Nguyin Dftc Vu (2006) Ung dyng edng ngh? thdng tin dgy hgc NXB Giio dye Ha NOi Lg Vto Tinh (2007) Thiit ki vd sir dyng dd dung tryre quan quy itdc de phat huy tinh tich cyK eua hgc sinh dqy hoc lich sit Vigt Nam (19451954) d trudng THPT Lu$n vin thgc sT giio dye hpc, Trutog Dgi bpe su phgm Hul TAP CHf THI^BIGlAO DMC-sd 109-9/2014 • 3S ... su de ning cao hifu qui vife sur dyng d l dikng trye quan quy udc Song song vdi vife kit hpp cic logi dd dtog trye quan khic, thi vife sft dyng tit tranh inh lich su \i bifn phip ning cao ntog... sg gdp phin giii quylt, lim sing td dupe vin dl Sir dyng tii lifu thinh vSn kit hpp ciu hdi nh$n thirc dl ning cao ning lye sii'' dyng d l diing trye quan quy udc dgy hpc ljch su Trong dgy hpc lich... nhdm li bifn phip quan trpng nhim ning cao ning lye su- dyng diing trye quan quy udc Phuang phip hogt dOng nhdm sg phit huy hifu qui tdt nhit li ein ed y kiln tgp thi dl giii quylt nhtog ciu hdi