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I^«t^ l Mpt so van de cap bach ve phat trien giao due Viet Nam hien nay TS VO THE QUAN Higu trudng TrQdng pho thdng Ddng Dd I CAC TIEU CHf PHAT TRIEN GIAO DUC D l chin hung n ln gifio dye Vifit Nam th[.]
I^«t^.l Mpt so van de cap bach ve phat trien giao due Viet Nam hien TS VO THE QUAN Higu trudng TrQdng thdng Ddng Dd I CAC TIEU CHf PHAT TRIEN GIAO DUC sinh - Ve Day nghe (dinh hudng nghe nghiep va day mgt so D l chin n l n gifio dye Vifit Nam theo Nghj quyet Dfli hgi X Ding Cgng san V/pf Warn vfi IhQc hifin yeu cau ve doi nghe phd thdng): Viec dinh hudng nghe nghiep cho hgc sinh lam qua mupn, mdicinbin vi toin di$ng\ko dye Vigt Nam theo Nghi quyet vivay, tatca hpc sinh tdt nghiep THPT d i u cdxu hudng hgc Dfli hdl XI Dang Cdng sin Vi$tNamcan xfie djnh ro cac tieu len DH, CD Do vay, can cd nhQng giai phap manh ca v l tam chl phit triin phQ hpp vdi thyc trgng gifio dye Viet Nam hign ly va to ChQc de phan ludng hgc smh sau THCS, THPT phQ vfi djnh hQdng Irong 20-30 nam tdi De gdp phan lam sfing 16 vfin d l nfiy chung tdi xin nfiu lfin f kiln ve mdt sd tieu hpp vdi nang lUc ciia hpc sinh, dap Qng nhu cau ciia xa hpi; tranh lang phi nhan iQc, tai lyc, thdi gian, chl quan trgng nhat Phat trien giao due phu hpp vdi quy lugt giao dye Tfnh hi^u qufi thiet thgc, dap iing nhu cau phat ciia Viet Nam va the gidi tridn kinh t e - x a hi>i ciia dat nude Cfin lim cac quy luat phat tnln giao dye de van dyng cd Dky chinh iami/c tieu ph{icvv kinh te-xa hgi cua giao due hieu qua vao cdng cudc chan hQng giao dye vfi cDng ehfnh I^ ddng It/c cho giio di/cphit trien Xin neu mpt vai van de xung quanh Tnh vi/c nay: Xfi h^i "d$t hfing" cho gifio dye Giao dye dap Qng nhu - Giao due cong lap va tuthue ia nhanh hpp cua cfiu dfio tgo ngudn nhfin lyc cho xa hdi, cho cac nganh kinh n l n giao due da ton tai va phat tnen sudl lich sQ giao Id, ky thu$t; gifio dye vfi phat trien nhQng the he mdi lam chu due cua Viet Nam va the gidi, vi vay, can tao dieu kign de hai tuong lai eiia dfin tde, Ttnh hl^u qua, thiet thite vi dip dng nhu cau kinh te- xa hdl he thdng phat trien song hanh va dap Ung cho sQ nghiep giao dye chung ciia dat nQdc, phfii thd hi$n tofin bp ehiln lupc phal tnen giao due (ke - Cic trudng DHcd tinh tuchu cao, vl vay, can quan 1;/ cfic hogch dfii hgn) d tdt cfi cfic bac hpc, ngfinh hpc, trQdng DH bang luat va cac van ban phap quy chQ Nha nQdc Tifiu chf nfiy dugc xem la Ihude d l danh gifi cha't ludng khdng lam thay cong viec ciia cac trudng DH, phfit tridn eiia giao dye, Phat huy ngi lUe, day manh xa hpi hofi giao due, NOi dung gifio dye, dao tgo: dgy ngUdi, day chD, huy dong sDe manh cua toan dan cho sU nghigp giao dgc dgy n g h i - Giao due Viet Nam phai ngUdi Viet Nam quydt djnh Gfin Ifim rd ndi dung IDng bac hpe, vj tri, vai trd viec xay dQng va phat frien, khdng lam thay dUpc Ngudn vfi sgdan xen ciia cfic npi dung dd qufi trinh giao due iQc dan rat Idn (nhan iyc, tri lye, lai iyc), vi vay can cd dfio tgo chinh sach khdi thdng cac ngudn lUc huy dgng dUpe cae - Vi D^y ngu&i (dgy dfio ddc ren luyen nhin each): nguon lUc dd vao sQ phat trien gifio dye, Hifin xa h$i rfit lo Ilng ve tinh Irgng xufi'ng cap ve dgo - Chinh sach xa hdi hoa giao dye ma Dang va Nha nUdc dQc eiia mfit bd ph§n hpc sinh, sinh vien Dilu cho thay dang thUe hien lau da dat cd sd cho van de tren, nhUng mye tifiu dgy ngudi cua giao dye rat nhilu khilm khuyet chfnh saeh, bien phap cdn chua mgnh, chUa quylt ligt, ehua Cfic vfin d l v l kS" nSng sdng chua dQpc giao dye thoa kjp thdi dfing Irong ckc nhfi trudng phd thdng vi the dfi hgn chd chat Phat huy ban sae van hoa Vigt Nam, truyen thdng IQdng gifio dye dgo ddc, nhSn efieh cho hpc sinh Day la sy tidm &n nguy cd suy thofii dgo dQc eua mdt bp phfin t h l he tre nha trudng Vigt Nam va tiep thu eo chon (pe tinh hoa gifio dgc the gidi Hgi nhgp qudc te cd higu qua Irong tudng lai - Nha nude can bao vg chu quyen quoc gia ve giao di/c - V6 Dfy cha (d^y kiin thdc vin hoi): Khdng de ngudi nudc ngoai lpi dyng chu truong md ciia eiia ChQdng trinh hgc nfing v l ly thuyet, nhg ve thgc hfinh Vigt Nam de td chQc cac hogt dpng giao dye khdng dung lu$t nhifiu kidn thife mifin man khdng thidt thyc Ifim cho sg tiep phap vfi lam anh hudng ldi sg nghigp dao tao the hfi tUdng lai thu cua hpc sinh bj qufi tfii Cfin xfiy dgng chUdng trinh, ndi ciia dat nude dung gIfio dye cfic ldp phD hpp hdn vdi cfic ddi tupng hpc 10: -'SS - Viet Nam ed nen giao due ldu ddi, nhan dan hieu hpe, efie nhfi giao cd n h i l u sang tgo to chijfc nha trQdng, vi vay, trai qua biet bao thang tram Ijch sii n l n giao dgc dd v l n tidp tuc phfit trien, Vi Ihd giai dogn mdi cua dat nUdc, ban sac nha trQdng Viet Nam can dupe tri vfi phfit trien - Mat khfic can chpn lpc, tiep thu efie tinh hoa giao dye the gidi ( v l ndi dung, each td chQc, phUdng phap, ed sd vgt ehat ) d l lam phong phu them cho n l n giao dgc nudc nhfi va hoi nhgp co higu qua vdi n l n giao dgc the gidi II CAC HE THONG GIAI PHAP CHU YEU Phat trien can ddi toan bo hg thdng tho'ng giao dgc qudc dan - Trong giao due phi thing (mim non, Uiuhgc, THCS, THPT): Hien can dau tQ thoa dang cho phat tnln gifio dye mam non, can thay ro vai trd vai Ird n l n tang ciia giao dye mam non he thong giao dye qudc dan, Ngay 25/11/ 2009 Qud'c hdi khoa Xll da thdng qua Luat sQa doi bd sung mdt sd dieu cDa Luat Giao due (Cd hieu lUc tQ 01/ 07/ 2010) Chil tjch Qudc hdi Nguyfin PhQ Trong ky da bo sung vio khoan didu 11 Lu$t Giio di/c: Pho cap giao due mam non eho tre em tuoi Quyet djnh ciia Qudc hdi da tao cd sd phfip ly vQng chic cho phattriln gifio due mam non nhUng ehua du ma can mdt chien lupc phat then giao dye mam non ca vG cd sd vat chfit dpi ngu giao vien theo hUdng nha nQdc phai cham lo loan dien cho giao dye tre em tQ d i n tuoi, g - r ^ j g ^ ^ ^ g g 80 8-2012 DdijvaHpC bfie Mam non phat triln ben vDng, nSng dan tre tD 3- ludl dQ0c hpc M l u gifio, thUc hifin cham sdc giao dye budi/ ngfiy, De thQc hien cd higu qua ChT thj cCia Bg Chfnh trj, cfic cap chinh quyen tD trung Udng den dja phUdng can cd efie bign phfip quyet ligt v l dau tQ CSVC (Uu tien dat va vdn de xay dgng trudng Mam non) va dao tgo, dai ngg xDng dfing cho dpi ngu gifio vien Tgi cfic vj trf dfit phD hpp viee xfiy dgng trudng Mam non, dgc biet eac ndi dang thidu tram trpng cho hpc cho eac chfiu mam non ma cd cac dg fin diu tu khac (tm s6 lam viec eua cd quan doanh nghigp, nhfi 6) thl ehfnh quyen phai Uu lien eho viec xay dyng trudng mam non theo tinh thfin cua Diiu 35 Hiin phap: Phit trien giio due Ii quoc sich hing dau Ngay 1/6/2012 BCH Trung Qdng Dang Gdng san Viet Nam da ban hanh Nghj quydt sd - NQ/TU: Mgt so van d l ve' chinh sach xa hgi giai dogn 2012-2020 (Nghi quye'l Hdl ngh! lfi" thQ BCH Trung Qdng khda XI), dd ed d l nhigm vy: "Xiy dung de an cap mam non cho tre dudi tuii", Day la mgt quye't dinh quan trpng dam bao ehinh sach an sinhxa hoi vfi dam bao mQctdi thilu v l mdt so dieh vy xa hgi cd ban cho ngQdi dan dd cd giao due, Diy cung li thdi cd thuan Igii de nganh gtao di/cphit trien giao di/c mam non - nen tang cua he thd'ng giao due qud'c din 4) Chl thi sd 10-CT/TW cDa Bp Chi'nh trj dgt yeu cau, Huy dgng mqi nguon life xa tigi diphit triin mfing ludi trudng Idp, ning cap CSVC, bo sung ddng, thiit bi dfiy vi hgc theo hudng ctiuin hoa, hien d§i hoi, pht/c vi/ thiet thtfi: cdng tic cap giio di/c Tiep ti/c day mgnh xa hgi hoa cdng tac cap giao di/c Tang cudng sulanh dfio cuacic cap uy ding, hieu liJc quan 1^ nhi nudc doi vdi cdng tic phi cap giio due De nhanh chdng cd ngudn lgc tai ehfnh cho viec phd cap giao dye mam non, d l nghj Chfnh phu quy djnh trfich nhiem cua cac doanh nghigp, cac khu cdng nghifip, cac Igp doan kinh te ddng gdp 0,5 - % Ipi nhuan sau thue - nam ddng gdp vao Quy phit triin giao dt/c mam non Quy cap Trung Qdng vfi dja phudng qufin ly Cfic doanh nghiep dja phUdng quan IJ' ddng vao quy phfit triln gifio dgc mam non ciia dja phUOng Cac doanh nghiep Trung Udng quan ly dong vao q u j phfit trien giao dye mam non ciia Trung Udng (Bd Tai chfnh hoae Bp GD&DT qufin ly), Quy phat tnen giao dye mam non cua dja phQdng phye vy cho viec xay dQng efie trudng mam non d dja phUdng, Ouy phat trien giao dye mam non cua Trung Udng qufin ly phuc vy cho viec dao tgo giao vi§n mam non, xay dgng chUdng trinh, tai lieu, san xua't phQdng lien hge tgp phyc vy cho bac mam non vfi hd trd cho cae dia phUdng edn nhieu khd khan ve xay dung CSVC trudng mam non De thyc hign cd hieu qua nhiem vy "pho e$p mam non eho tre dudi tuoi" Uong Nghj quyet sd 15-NQ/TLf: Mdt si van de ve chinh sich xa hdi giai dogn 2012- 2020, xin d l nghj: 1) De nghj Qudc hgi bo sung sQa doi vao khoin dieu 11 Luit Giio due: Pho cap giao di/c mam non cho tre em fuo/thanh Pho eap giio due mam non cho tre em td3 thing den tuoi 2) D l nghi Qudc hgi bd sung sQa ddi vfio khoan dieu 59 Hie'n phip: Bge Tieu hgc li bit bugc, khong phai tra hgc p/i/thanh Bge Mam non (t(r thing-6 tuol) vi Tieuhgcli bit bugc, khong phai tra hgc phi 3) Bg chlnh tri BCH Trung UOng khoi XI6aban hanh Chl thj so 10- CT/ TW ve cap giio due Mam non cho tre tuoi, cung CO kit qua giio di/c Tieu hgc vi THCS, ting cudng phin luong hgc sinh sau THCS vi xoi mu chit cho ngUdi Idn ChT thj cua Bd Chinh trj de myc lieu den nam 2015 huy ddng 80% Ire IQ d i n ludi vao hpc Mau giao, ca nQdc hofin myc tieu cap gifio dye Mam non cho tre lull, Chl Ihj da d l cac giai phfip cy the de bo sung, hofin thifin chfnh sfich vfi dam bao cac dieu kign can thilt ho trp Gae cap chinh q u y i n can tao d i l u kien thugn Idi vfi cd c h l thdng thofing de thuc Men xa hgi hoi giio due dii vdi bic hgc mam non • Giao di/c DH, CD, TCCN Gan phat trien cac IrUdng DH, CD, TCCN vdi quy mfi hpp ly de dam bao chat lupng va dkc biet cfin phfit triln cfic trUdng TCCN d l dam bao viec day n g h i cd ht6u qufi nhfim dap Qng nhu cfiu dfio tao nguon nhfin Ige cho phattriln kinh te - xa hpi cua tQng dja phUdng Cai each triet de npi dung giao dgc - Can cai each triet d l ehUdng trinh, ndi dung, SGK tiJ Idp den ldp 12 theo hudng phu hpp, cfin ddi hpp IJ niJi dung: day ngudi, dgy chD, day nghe Theo k l hogeh ciia Bfy GD-DT den nam 2015 b i t dau thgc hien ehUdng trinh mdl, vl vgy can h i t sQc quan \km tdi van d l - Kiln IhQc eac bp mfin van hpfi phai thiet thgc, hi$u qufi, tinh gifin, khoa hpe phd thfing, g i n vdi thgc lien - Thuc hign phan hoi vi phin luong sau THCS va THPT De xuit phuang in: sau THCS cfin cO vfio ket qufi hgc tap cua hpc sinh va nhu e l u phfit t n l n kinh t l - xa hdi cCia tDng dja phUdng nen phan hofi hpc sinh theo ludng: DttlfynHpC 808-2012 I > THFF -»• Cao dang, Dai hoc ' Cac tru&ng nghi bfie cao hon (Cao ding ) ^ TH nghe, TCCN ' Phuc vu true tiep nhu cau kinh te - xS hdi dia phuong ChQ thfeh: 1: Hpc sinh kha gidi, eo nang luc tu Hpe sinh trung binh, ydu; cd nfing lgc thQc hanh, Lfim tdt vigc phfin luong se: - Khac phyc tinh trgng thda thay, thieu tha hien nay; logi bd tam ly sung bai bang cap ngng n l xfi hdi -Thgc hifin Idi dgy eua tien n h l n : Nhi't nghi tinh, nhai thin vinh; Ifim bfit cQ nghi gi ed fch eho xa hgi va ban thfin d i u dfing qu^ trpng Dd thuc hign ydu cau tren can giai quyet dong thdi cfic vdn dd: - ChUPng trinh, sfich giao khoa phu hpp, - To ChQc nhfi IrQdng phQ hpp (trudng THPT, TH ky thufit) - Giai quydt tfim ly cua phg huynh, hge sinh Trong Chl thl sd 10-CT/TW cQa Bd Chfnh trj da dSt yfiu efiu phfin ludng hpc sinh sau THCS vdi myc tieu It nhit 30% hgc sinh sau tit nghigp THCS di hgc nghe ChTthicOngda de rayeu efiu Triin khai ddng bd cic giii phip nhim thi/c hidn tit viic phin ludng hgc sinh sau lil nghiep THCS theo hUdng ting nhanh tl le hgc sinh vao hgc d trudng TCCN, trung dp nghi 3-D^lvdlgiiodi/cDH: Gfin cfii efieh quy trinh dao lao eho phu hpp vdi ngfinh nghd sau tdt nghigp de sinh vifin cd the hanh nghi sau tdt nghigp DH Hign nay, chQdng trinh vk quy trinh dao tgo DH, CD, TCCN eQa ta ngng v l \