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DUffvaS^ 806 2012 ''''!i%^ i '''' f i '''' i i 13 LY LUAN DAY VA HOC Bien qua trinh dao tao thanh qua trinh tif dao tao GS VS NGUYEN CANH TOAN Tdi da nhieu lan ndi den khau hieu "Bien qua trinh dao tao thanh q[.]
DUffvaS^ 806-2012 '!i%^.i 'fi'ii 13 LY LUAN DAY VA HOC Bien qua trinh dao tao qua trinh tif dao tao GS.VS NGUYEN CANH TOAN T di da nhieu lan ndi den khau hieu- "Bien qua trinh dao tao qua trinh tQ dao tao" Nay, nhan Dang va Nha nUde neu quyet tam ddi mdi can ban va loan dien sy nghiep giao due, tdi mudn trd lai khau hieu dd qua nhQng cau ehuyen cu the Cau ehuyen thQ nhat: Hdi tdi hpc Idp 7, cd mdt thay giao quan tam bdi dUdng hpc sinh gidi khdng phai bang each md Idp day them ma bang each cho hpc sinh mUdn sach va chi nhQng chd nen dpc sach cho mupn, Khi tra sach, thay khdng "truy bai" ma trao ddi vdi hoc trd vd ndi dung trd da doe mdt each binh dang nhu the hai ngUdi ban cung doc mdt quyen sach rdi trao doi vdi Chfnh luc trao ddi ma hpc trd hpc dUde nhQng dieu te nhi ea d ndi dung va ca d phUdng phap, SU lien bd cang lam cho ngUdi hpc hUng thu, ham me d i n tdi chd tim dpc, tim hpc ca ngoai nhQng gi ma thay giao cho dpc Tinh than "Vi hpc trd" cua thay cung da ki'ch thi'eh bien "dao tao" "tU dao tao", Ciu chuygn thQ hai: Cung la hdi mdi hpc Idp 7, lan ddu ti§n tdi dupe di lau hda Tdi Id md mudn biet tde dp doan tau tdi dang di la bao nhieu, cd gidng vdi tde dp Irong cac bai loan thay eho lam khdng Quan sat hai b§n dudng sat, ldi thay ed khoang hdn mdt phut tau lai di qua mdt cOt thap d phia tren ept cd mdt (aim hinh chiJ nh^t mang mdt so, tdi doan la cac cot ki Id met Vay thI chi can xem ddng hd va nhin cac cot ki Id met la biet dUdc tdc dd cua tau Tdi tim nhOng tdc dd khac nhau, phu hpp vdi viee tau chay IQc nhgnh, luc cham, M^l mS vdi trd chdl "tdc dp" nay, tdi nhan nguy cd mat trd chdi vl trdi da xe chieu, chJing may choc ma tdi den thi lam xem duyc cpt ki Id met, vay lam day de tia'p tyc trd chdi tdc dp tdi den? VQa luc tau dd d mpt ga va mdt doan tau nguyc chieu dang ehuyen banh Quan sat doan tau tdi thay r^t ro xe lan tren chd giap r\6\ hai ray thi cd tieng dpng phat Mdt y nghT ch(?t dc tdi: Dem tieng dpng thi biet duyc tau da chay du^c bao nhi&u ray va cd dem lieng d^ng tU cdt ki Id mat den cot lien sau la biSt m^t ki Id met dai bSng bao nhiau ray The la tfd chdl "tdc dd" tha hd tiep tyc vdi mpt dd ehinh xac cao hdn vi ddn vj dai bay gid la ray chd khdng phai la ki Id met Hdi dd ldi cung chi nghldUdc den the, Ve sau, da la giao vien va b i t dau tU hoe triet hoc vat bien chQng, tdi lai thd Qng dung Iriet hpc vat bien chQng vao nhieu cau ehuyen thdi hoc trd, Irong dd cd cau ehuyen tren: thi day ia cap pham trd "npi dung va phUdng phap" Ndi dung d day la tdc dd tau hda PhUdng phap la each tim tde dd dd Dung la: "ngi dung quyet dmh phuang phap va phUdng phap tac ddng trd lai noi dun^\ Cau ehuyen thQ ba: Trai qua nhQng cau ehuyen kieu nhu cau ehuyen thd hai, tdi lap dupt nghien cQu khoa hpc mdt each Iang le, em tham, chiing hudng d i n NghT lai thi viee tim each de biet tdc tau hda ban dem dung la ed may giai doan y nhu mdt de tai khoa hpc: khd khan lam sinh van de (dung cac ept ki Id met vao ban dem la khdng dn); quan sat hien tUpng xung quanh de tim mdt Idi thoat Loi thoat la phai tim each thay the mai (dem tdi khdng dung dupe) bang Id tai ( dung dUpc ea l l n dem) Nhay cam thay rang tieng ddng phat d chd tiep giap ndi hai ray se giup vuot qua khd khan Tdi rat hUng thu vdi viec tim Idi giai cho nhQng bai loan Irong cudc sdng va Idp hpc, Khi la giao vien tdi thudng hay sQa sach giao khoa neu nhU tac gia sach khdng trinh bay theo Idgic bien chQng: phat hien van de rdi giai quyet van de Khi da day len dai hpc thi kieu suy nghTdd da dan den nhQng cdng trinh khoa hpc that sy, dd cd hai luan an lien sT va tien sT khoa hpc, di xa hdn nQa den viec phat minh hinh hpc sieu Phidclit, Rd rang tuduy bien chQng da hd trd cho sy sang tao toan hpc, Va rdi sU sang tao loan hoe cang lam sau sac tu bien chQng de rdi tu bien chQng thoat ngoai loan hpc de den vdi giao due va quan II giao dgc TQ IhQc t i l n cua ban thdn dUUc vach la'l sd sai qua ba cau ehuyen ndi tren, tdi nghT ve "dao tao" va "tu dao tao" nhu sau: Ngay muc tieu dao tao cua cac trudng phong phu hdn xUa nhieu Sinh vien cua ta, du hoe gioi, trUdng v i n bj che vi nhieu pham chat va nang lye ral can lai khdng dUde ren luyen nhU kha nang giao tidp, kha nang thuyet phuc, tac phong cdng nghiep.v v Nha trudngcuachung lave cd ban van chf bd hep Irong "gi^ng" va "nghe" DT nhien, v l n can "giang" va "nghe" DtfUvuHfc Tot, nhung khdng du Phai doi mdi mgnh me "each day" va "each hoc" Cau ehuyen thd nhat (trong bai nay) eho thay mdt "each day" bien dUde qua trinh dao lao tU dao tao Tdi khdng tan dieu 15 Luat Giao due ndi rang "nha giao quyet djnh chat lUdng giao due" vi cau dd khdng cd li gi ve "tU giao due" ea, dat ngUdi hoc vao the "ha mieng chd sung"; "sung" day la "ba de" khau hieu thi dua day tdt mdt thdi: "giang day d i hieu, de ghi, de nhd" Mat khae, dieu 15 khdng ndi ro rang, mpt thay giao ehi cd the nang cao chat lUdng day hpc neu biet bien qua trinh minh dao tao hpc trd qua trinh tU dao tao chfnh minh Cac Idp day them, hpc them Iran lan hoan loan di ngUde lai hudng dd vi hpc trd bdi thi gid "tU dao tao" de den Idp day them vdi lam li "tram sU nhd thay" Muc lieu dao tao ddi hoi d ngudi hpc nhieu pham chat, nang iQc thi lay dau thi gid cho ho luyen"^ Phai cd (va thyc te da cd) nhQng each ket hdp mdn vdi mon khac, each hoc vdi each hoe khac, Cau ehuyen thQ hai cho thay mdt each hoc khdng mai Ihi gid, khdng tdn kem gi ma ren luyen dUOc tac phong nghien cQu khoa hoc, Ngay tre em mau giao, v6 idng ciing edn "ket hdp" vda choi vQa hoc, Rdi each hoc "ngam dan, tham dan ngu'di hoc dUOc dat mdi trUdng thfch hdp" cung la mdl each de "khd hoa de", Hien nay, trUdc tieng keu cua dU luan rang chUdng trinh qua tai, Bp Giao due dang Io giam tai, NhUng nguyen nhan eua "qua tai" la d dau? Tdi thien ve nguyen nhan d each day, each hpc qua lac hau ChQng eU ia da ed nhQng trudng phd thdng dUa them yeu cau "tap duot nghien cQu khoa hoc" vao qua trinh dao tao ma hpc sinh khdng keu qua tai, lai edn thay hQng thu Cau ehuyen thd hai eho thay "each hoe" cd the rat phong phu va hap dan, ngudi hpc cam thay hdng Ihu hun la keu qua tai, Neu cd chieu theo dU luan ma giam tai thi e se khd theo kip thdi dai, ma nhieu ngUdi edn mudn dUathem "thien van", "ChQ nho" vao chudng trinh phd thdng chUa ndi den quy luat phat trien nhUvii bao eua khoa hpc, cdng nghe Cau ehuyen thU ba he md mdt hudng ddi mdi giao dye phd thdng Hien nay, ta khdng cd nghien cQu khoa hpc va khdng day triet hoe vat bien chQng d trUdng phd thong (triK Idp 12 ban nhung ban C rat ft hpc sinh theo hpc) Hai van de lien quan vdi vi deu cd ngi dung lien quan den hai chQ "sang tao" ma triet hoe vat bien chQng da dQdc coi la cd sd triet hoe cua "sang tao hpc" Nghien cQu khoa hpc dUdc phan tang (nghien ciJlu ed ban, nghien cQu Qng dung, nghien cdu trien khai) va mdi tang nhU vay lai chia nhieu tang nhd, nen cd the tim nhOng de tai thieh hdp vdi cac trinh dp khac cua ngudi nghien cQu, Cau ehuyen thd hai la mdt VI du ve mdl de tai thfch hdp vdi hpc sinh THCS, Hudng ehi ngUdi cd lam II "thich sang tao"; cOng nang niu nhQng sang kien, sang tao eua ban than va ngudi ta cd the quen met nhoc, say sua tim ldi cai mdi Dieu dd giai thich vi nhQng hpc sinh phd thdng duuc luyen lam cdng tae vien eho cac de lai khoa hpc (tQ 1970 den 1985 d mdt sd trudng thdng quanh Ha Noi, cd sy giup dd cua TrUdng DHSP Ha Npi) thi khdng keu "qua tai" Phai xel sau vao "hieu suat hoc tap" va dieu gan hQu cd vdi hoc thdng minh, sang tao, vdi ren luyen Id sdm tuduy bien chQng Bien chQng g i n lien vdi van ddng ma van ddng la tuyet ddi, ddng im ehi la lUdng ddi Qhp nen tha hd eho cac giao vien tim nhQng vi du ve tU bien chQng thich hdp vdi trinh dp hpc sinh Giao dye nQde nha da tut hau so vdi giao dye nhieu nUdc vung Oe dudi kip va vUdt ITnh vUc giao due, phai doi mdi mdl each can ban nen giao due bang each de cao khau hieu bien qua trinh dao tao qua trinh ty dao tao "TQ dao tao" la ndi lye tiem an ral qu;^ gia IQng ngUdi hpc, cha mat tien mua ma tac dung hinh nhan each ngudi hpc lai rat Idn Doi mdi mdt each loan dien, nghTa la phai cai each giao due IQ quan 11 den giao vien, rdi den hpc sinh, sinh vien Chd di vao vet xe cu la bien cai each giao dijc Ihinh mdt cugc thay sach giao khoa, cha chu y gi den each day, each hgc theo hUdng "Bien qua trinh dao tao qua trinh tU dao tgo" E cd ngUdi cho rang tdi rat chu quan, Xin IhQa rang nhQng dieu tdi ndi tren day khdng phai la II thuyet sudng, ma da cd nhQng thang ldi cue bd boat ddng thUc lien Vf dy, lUe lUdng khoa hoc edn mdng manh nhU hdi 1960 ma dam md "dao tao tren dai hoc" vdi nhQng ngUdi hpc khdng cd hudng d i n , tU dao tao la chinh, da thing ldi vdi nhQng dng nghe ed chat iQdng, nhU giao sU Le Quang Long, giao sQ Phan C Q Nhan, giao sQ Phan Nguyen Hong (ngudi vQa dQdc giai qudc te Cosmos ve bao ve mdi trUdng) Hinh thQc vQa hoe (sQ pham) vQa lam (giao vien) cung da dQdc thd nghiem thang ldi (1977 - 88) va den thi ba nQde Anh, My Uc, cung tuyen bd rang vCfa hoc \\ia \am !a each tdt nhat de dao tgp thay giap va thay thuoc va ho da chon phUdng thdc vQa hpc vQa lam de tien hanh cai each su phgm Cdn la Ihi thing ldi xong (1988) rdi vQt dd, den cung chQa ro se eSi each su pham theo hUdng nao, viee dua nghidn cQu khoa hpc vao IrQdng thdng da lam thCf thing Id' 15 nam (1970-1985) roibjnan day them, hpc them Iran lan day lui DT nhien, tU nhQng t h i n g ldi eye bp, ban d i u dd cho den dai t h i n g ldi cdn phai phan dau quyet li^tva vi vay ma phai cai each tpan dien, 'tQ quan li giap viSn den hpc sinh, sinh vien