/Qua trinh tham va bfldc dau khai thac mo chrome va nikel d Co Dinh, Thanh Hoa cua tfl ban Phap (1912-1945) MAI THI THANH NGA* S au CMe'n tranh t h l gidi thfl nhfit, tU Qua t r i n h th^un d o va khai t h a c th& b i n Phfip at dau tfl vfio hd t h i n g nghipm Chrome & m o Co Dinh tuf nam thupc dia, trpng tam Id Dong DUdng So vdi 1912 d e n 1924 diu t h l 1^ XX, td'c dd vfi quy md dau tU Md CMome vd Nickel d C l Dinh, nhflng ndm sau cMe'n trarih nhanh hdn vfi Thanh Hoa nam tien cfic day nfli Na Stfn rpng ldn htfn nMeu Tinh ridng nfim 1920, (cao 360 m), Ddng Tien (cao 400 m) vfi nfli tu ban tu nhfin Phfip da dfinh tdi 255,6 Nfla (cao 530 m), hop thdnh mdt dai nfli tridu Fr eho Ddng Dfltfng, tie'p dd ddi chitag 15 km, rdng tfl din km nhflng nfim 1924 - 1930 lfi 2.862,2 Fr^" Trfldc CMd'n tranh t h l gidi thd n h i t , Trong thdi gian 15 ndm, tfl nam 1924 d i n ngfldi Phdp ehfld quan tdm nMlu dd'n md nfim 1939, tfl b i n Phfip diu tfl khoang Chrome vd Nickel Co Dinh Ngdy 11.644 tri^u Fr vdo Dong Dfltfng Sfl gia 28/8/1912, cae ehu md ngfldi Viet Id tdng diu t U n h I m muc dich d l y manh edng Nguyin Vfin Ngfin vd Tran Vdn Thfii dd dp cupe khai thfic, bdc Ipt thudc dia, nhanh trinh ldn Tofi Cdng sfl Thanh Hofi ydu clu chdng khdi phuc n i n kinh te ehinh qud'c vd so 224 vfi 226 dl nghi dupe tim Mlm md d dl trdnh nan phfi gii cua dong Fr cfic Ifing Co Dinh, Hoa Yen thudc huypn Trong cfic Unh vflc diu tu, tu ban Phfip Ndng Cing vfi Idng My Cfii thupc chfiu van uu tien dde bidt eho cong n ^ d p khai Nhfl Xuan Vimg nfiy cMnh lfi nhfltfng dia md, bdi dfiy lfi ngdnh dem lai I d nhudn Aladm vfi Sesame Vl sau, hai khu md ndy kich xu Tinh den nfim 1930, dipn tich dflpc nhfltfng cho ed Cldmence Gayet khai md dat 430.000 ha, tdng ggfp l l n so Laroche Sfl chuyen nhfltfng dflpc ki ridng vdi ndm 1911*^' Ngodi vi^e tilp tuc khai b i n g chitag thfl vfio cfic ngfiy vfi thfing thfic nhong md cu, sau cMen tranh, nMlu ndm 1913 vfi gM nh^n d Nam Dmh ngfiy md mdi dUdc phdt M§n vd tiln hdnh khai thfing ndm 1913 Ngay t h i n g ndm thfic khfi M$u qui, m^t so dd Id md 1913, cd Clemence Gayet Laroche trinh Chrome vd Nickel d C l Dinh, Thanh Hofi len Cdng sfl Thanh Hofi 3rdu clu dflpc tim * Ths Mai Thi Thanh Nga, Khoa Ljch sfl, Tnfdng Dai hoc Vmh Nghiin cdu Ddng Nam A 7/2015 56 Mem qufing khu md Sesame vfi Aladm Sau mpt thdi gian Mlm tra va thflong Ifltfng, theo quydt dinh s i 366S va 367F ngfiy thdng nfim 1926 cua Toan quyen Ddng Dfltfng, ed Clemence Gayet Laroche dfltfc chfi'p thufin lfi chu sd hflu eua nhflpng dia Sesame vfi Aladin Vdi nhitag quye't dinh nay, cd Cldmence Gayet Laroche khdng cM Id chu sd htta md, mfi ebn ed quyen sd hflu p h i n d i t nglm bdn dfldi nhfltfng dia theo dung quy dinh cfic dilu vd eua sic lenh ve md ngdy 26/1/1912 Dilu vd eung quan trpng kM Cldmences Gayet Laroche ehinh thfle b i t tay vfio khai thfic Hoat dpng khai t h i e thd ngMdm d Co Dinh b i t dau dien vao cde ndm 1915 vd 1917 d phia Tfiy Nam nhflpng dia Aladin nhflng khdng thu dflpc k i t qua vd phdi dttag lai nhitag bie'n doi bat thfldng cua thdi tidt Khu vUc chda qudng nam pham vi eua nhUpng dia: Con rong, Mercure, Vuleain, Nemesis, Aladin, Comdte, Cldmence, Sesame; cd t i n g cdng dien tieh 6.000 ha, dd cd 4.200 nui, 1.800 thung Iflng va efinh dong chfla nMlu qudng khodng Budc diu, hoat ddng thdm db vfi thfl ngMdm chu yeu dflpc thue hidn trdn cfic m l u qudng d khu m6 Aladin Sau dUtfc chfi'p thufin Id chu sd hifu chinh thdc, cd Cldmence Gayet Laroche cflng vdi arih trai lfi dng Ulysse Gayet Laroche quydt dinh dung nguon tfii chinh rieng eua minh lap mpt xi ngMep nhd, ldm nhitag tM ngMdm can tMet vl qufing, ngMen cflu cdch khai thfic vfi tieu thu san pham Ket qua cua nhdng lan tM ngMem, khao sdt dflpc t h l Mdn d bang so sdnh qudng Cl Dinh vdi cfic phan tich mdu qudng d An Dd, Rodeni va Caledom nhU sau: Xem bang Qudng Chrome d Co Dinh dupc lfim tM ngMdm nMlu lan khdc vfi lly mau tfl nhflng dia dilm khdng trung Trong eac tM ngMdm dfltfc tid'n hdnh, hdm lUtfi^ CrgOg thu dflpc lan Iflpt Id 49,4%; 51%; Bang 1: So sanh cac hpp chat cua quang chrome b Co Dinh, Thanh Hoa vdi mpt so dia diem k h a c Xuat xfl qudng Phfin tich Ian Phfin tich lan Phfin tich lan Phdn tieh l l n Phdn tieh l l n Calddonie Phdn tieh l l n Phdn ti'ch s i 4407 cua Phdng Thanh tM ngMdm Thanh Hofi Hod Phdn tieh cua dng Dupouy CrgOs Hdna lUtfng (%) AI2O3 MgO 17,7 9,3 18,7 50,1 9,2 2,7 NguIn: U Gayet - Laroche, C Gayet - Laroche, Mines de Chrome et de nickel'de'Co Dinh (Thanh Hoa), Societe en commandite par actions en formantion, Juin 1927, tr.23 M^iJl^J'hanh Nga - Qud trirdi thdm dd va bUdc ddu khai thdc 51,7%; 52,2%; 52,4%; 53,1%; 53,5%; 53,4%; 53,8%; 54,2%; 54,7%; 54,9%; 59,1%; 59,8%; 65,4%; trung binh dat 54,5% *^* Hfim Ifldng trung b m h cua qufing C l Dinh cao htfn han so vdi qufing b Calddonie vd An D | (thudng cM dat tfl 46% dd'n 50% CrgOg) Cae ngMdn eflU v l dia chit cung dupe anh em Gayet Laroche mdi cfic chuyen gia thifc Mdn nghiem tuc Ong M Jacob Gilo su dia chfit hpe, Gidm dd'c dia chat Dfing Dfltfng, ong Dupouy - Tnfdng phdng tM ngMdm Sd md Ddng DUtfng, ong Rends Bourret - nhfi dia chat hpe, M sU edng chinh Dong DUtfng da edr^ bd' ket qua ngMen cfl!fl v l ca'u true dia c h i t vung Co Dinh cfic edng trinh eua minh Day Id vung mo chda tang qufing ehinh Id ting tren, tang gifla va t a n g dUdi, chflng dfltfc tilm tieh tfl thdi ky hinh qudng khfie Cfic tang qudng ngdn cdch vdi bdi cfiy muc, dat set vd cfit Sa khofing CMome C l Dinh lfi san pham cua sfl phong hod dd me dai xfim thflc sidu baztf U tang dfldi cd dp sfiu cfich be mat khoang chflng 2m cfla nfli Na Stfn chfla nhCtag khoang vfit chu yeu eua quang Id Chrome, Cromspinen, Sapentin, hat sat vfi Marfan Xung quanh dd lfi cde khofing v | t cdng sinh nhu Hocnoblen, Giobecmt, Hematit, Clorit, d i t eao lanh Khodng vfit chu yeu lfi Chrome tfich tfl dat boi, l l r ^ thdnh cfin dfldi dang cdt min, thudng lfi nhttag hat hinh bdt dien diu dfin, nMlu kM vd thfinh h a t nhd htfn, cd dudng Mnh chua d l y 0,5mm, mfiu nfiu den Chdng dupc phfin b l thfinh nhttag ddm ed Mch thfldc khfic khd'i Sapentm hofic lfin vdi dat sdt vfi dfi sdi phfl sa khdng bi d l y di qud xa vi hinh dang g6c eanh cua nb^^K 57 Hoat d p n g khai t h a c Chrome d Co D i n h tit n a m 1924 d e n n a m 1945 Tfl cud'i nfim 1924 dau nfim 1925, anh em Gayet Laroche ehinh thflc t l chfle khai thae md Aladm Quy md khai thfic dien tidn mdt thung lung ed didn tieh Skm^ vdi hai h i ldn R (rdng 6m, dfii 8m, sau 6m) vd S (rpng 8m, dai 20m, sfiu 3,5m) Ddy eua ho R lfi ldp d i t boi mfiu vfing nhat, cbn eua ho S lfi dd't bdi mdu den nhat cd chfla sat Cfic M sfl da tien hdnh nhttag thi ngMem trdn phan dfit ddy vd thu dfltfc k i t qua: d hd' R, kM rda ldp dat boi mfiu vdng nhat cd chfla d i t set eho ham lUtfng 11,6% CrgOg, ngMa Id cfl tail d i t bii ed 116 kg CMome, hofic tinh theo dtfn vi m^ tM ed Im^ chfla 232 kg CMome h i S, dat boi mau den ed bfim Ifldng 22,5% CrgOg, nghia la cfl tan d i t bii ed 225 kg Chrome bode m^ chfla 450kg Chrome ^^K Nhttag tM ngMdm tie'p theo dupe lam d cfic vi tri khfie eung eho ket qua rd't kha quan: d diem cfich 150m vl phia Ddng Bac vfi cdch 200 - 300m d pMa Tay cua ho R, mdt so ho thd ngMem da dupe ddo, b dd ldp dat boi mdu vdng chfla dat sdt ed mpt hdm Iflpng dfing ke CrgOg Tfl h i S keo dm them 200m v l pMa sud'i, d dp sfiu 0,5m ed mot ldp dat bii mdu xanh ddy 0,3m r i t gidu CT^O^ Tren sUdn pMa Tay eua dinh nui cimg cd mdt ldp d i t boi mau den ddng dac, dfiy 0,2m, ldp ndy g i n nhU Id tMen vi bi nUdc xdi mdn '®' Tren ctf sd nhflng khai thfic dau tien, cfic M sU md da dUa dfl Men vl didn tieh khai thfic b mdi dia dilm nhfl sau: Phia Ddng Bic: 2.000m x 600m 1.200.000m2 = 120ha Thung lung T u - mien: 2.500m xl.OOOm = 2.500.000m2 = 250ha -^•^mt 58 Nghien eiku Ddng Nam A 7/2015 PMa Ddng: 2.000m 400.000m2 = 40ha x 200m PMa Nam: 3.000m x 1.500m = 4.500.00 m2 = 450ha Phia Tfiy Nam: 3.000m x 1.200 m = 3.600.000m2 = 360ha Phia Tfiy: 2.000m 3.000.000m2 = 300ha x 1.500 PMa Tay Bic: 1.800m x 1.800.000m2 = 180ha m 1.000 Tong cpng: 17.000.000m2 = 1.700ha Dfl dodn neu Im^ chfla 0,1 tan qufing bfim Ifltfng 50% CrgOg tM t i n g trfl lurfng quang tai cfic diem khm thde tien la 0,1 x 17.000.000 = 1.700.000 t ^ Trfl Ifltfng dfl Md'n ndy cho thay sfl phong phu vd doi ddo eua md ^"^K Phuong phfip khai thdc qudng rat don gian vd nhanh chdng Do qufing d Cl Dinh t i n tai Id tMen nen cM can dung cud'c ehim vd xeng d l dfio, khdng c i n phai dung thulc n l dl phfi khodng nhfl dli vdi nhttag mo chim sau Ibng nui Htfn t h l , cM pM cua vide dfio qudng rat tha'p khdng phai tinh din vipc loai bd ldp dat b l mfit vi ehung da dfldc khofing hofi vfi ding nhat vdi ldp pMa dfldi nen cd the sd dung nhfl mdt ldp qufing thife sfl Cung vi dfic dilm ndy ndn sau kM ddo, thudng khdng d l lai nhttag ho sfiu vfi r^ng nhfl khai thdc qufing d ntfi khdc Sau kM dfio len, qiidng se dfltfc difa vfio nhflng xe gobng, moi xe chfla khoang 300kg qufing chi^rln din sfing quay hofic nhitag mdt ludi d l lpc hfln, dat l l n dd eupi Ngu&n nude tai cho 112 tri$u m^, dupc cung cap td cfic suli ehly tfl cfic trien nui, ddp flng nhu clu lpc rda qudi^ ea mfla han hfin Lflpng dat sdt deo k i t dinh cfic tinh t h l Chrome khfi nMeu nen cfic M sfl da phoi hop dur^ tia nfldc ndn vdi ep xfit, vb, va cham de tfich chung khdi Chrome se dflpc lay tfl m^t loat mdng dfii hofic nhung cfii bdn rung Mlu Ferairis hofic Wilfey Nudc bim sau kM lpc chfiy xud'ng nhttag vung dat t h i p triing, p h i n soi dd thai tap k i t trdn m | t di^n tieh ldn tfl den 10 Sau kM lpc, tinh t h l Chrome dUde tfich b i n g phfldng phfip d i | n tfl hpe hofic phfltfng phfip tinh didn Vdi cfic phfltfng phfip ndy, 02*^3 ^^'^'^ gifl nguydn bdm Iflpng ldn din hdn 60%'^' Tilp dd Chrome dflflc phdn loai theo kich thfldc vfi say khd tai ehd b i n g mdy Nhflng khai thfic thd ngMdm hai nfim 1924 vfi 1925 cho phdp thu hoi khoing 20 trni Crfi^ ed hdm Iflpng 50% ®> Thdi gian diu Chrome dflpc thu vl tfl mdng ddi hinh miii ten nhflng vl sau, cfich b l tri ndy khdng mang lai hidu qufi vi khdng dil cung cfi'p qufing dl mfiy hoat ddng Udn tuc Vl sau, cdc mfing dfii dUtfc g i n vdi mOt hd thd'ng cung elp nUdc ridng bidt nhfin qudng da dflflc ldm sach bfln vd dfi sdi Tfl mfing thd nhfit qufing se tilp tuc chuyin vfio mdng thfl hm, cfl t h l cho din hdt vd thu dflflc CrgOg hdm Iflpng 50% Sau kM khm thac vd sd ehe, CMome dflpc ddng vfio thung bode bao (50 lOOkg/bao) d l ehd cfing Hfii Phbng Nlu di dudng sdng, mdt dudng gobng dfii 800m se ehuyln qufing td md bd kdnh Ndng Cing, tai dd xfi lan cd tipng tfii tfl 60 den 100 t&i ehd qufii^ H i i Phbng trdn quang dfldng 260 km Nlu di b i n g dudng sdng vfi dudng biln, tdu thuy nhd tfl 100 din 150 t i n fin quang tai m^t s i dilm cua kdnh, di biln qua eo sdng Ydn Thli vfi vl Hfii Phbng, dM 240km Neu k i t hop cl dudng s i t tfl md qua ga Ydn Thfii din Nmh Buih (95km) vd dUdng biln tfl Nmh Btah M^iZhTThanh Nga - Qud trinh thdm dd vd budc ddu khai thdc den H i i Phbng (150km) tM cM mat 245 km Nlu di dudng s i t p h i i mfit tdi 300km qufing mdi dflpc vfin chuyin t h i n g Hai Phbng