9 1 Nghidn ctfu & Trao doi \ DINH HU''''QNG NGHIEN CU''''U DANH GIA TAC DONG CUA QUA TRJNH TANG NONG SAN LU''''ONG KHAI THAC THAN TOI MOI TRU''''ONG VA THUY HE VUNG THAN DONG BAC ThS Dang Tuylt Minh Trudng Dai hp[.]
9 Nghidn ctfu & Trao doi \ DINH HU'QNG NGHIEN CU'U DANH GIA TAC DONG CUA QUA TRJNH TANG NONG SAN LU'ONG KHAI T H A C THAN TOI MOI TRU'ONG VA THUY HE VUNG THAN DONG B A C ThS Dang Tuylt Minh - Trudng Dai hpc Thuy lgi TS Nguyin Ba Dung - Trudng Cao ding Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng Ha Ndi dat dong khai thac than vung Quang Ninh dang gia tang san luang chdng mat, pha va quy hoach khai thac nganh than, huy hoai canh quan mdi trudng Ngoai iai ich kinh ti dem iai qua trinh da tac ddng rit lan tdi moi trudng viing khai thac Viec dinh hudng irng dung phan tich, chdng xip dir lieu anh hang khdng, tu lieu viin tham va he thing thdng tin dia iy (GIS) ddnh gia biin dong moi trudng, giup eae nha quan iy, quy hoach danh gia tac ddng qua trinh khai thac than tdi thuy he vd mdi trudng vung khai thac, qua dd di duac quyit dinh dung ddn di phat triin nganh than H IVIddau me tdi tai nguyen va mdi trudng Gin day san lugng khai thac than cang tang eao qua tUng nam, pha vd quy hoach khai thac eua nganh than da dugc phe duyet, diiu kien khai thac cang khd khan, khdi lugng tieu hao vat tu cang Idn kdo theo khoi lugng dit da thai, nude thai md cang tang, tae ddng tdi mdi trudng san xuit than cang khoe liet :•: ; Vung khai thac than eua Viet Nam tap trung chu yiu d Quang Ninh, cd pham vi rit Idn trai dai tu Ddng Triiu, Udng Bi, Hoanh Bd, Ha Long va Cam Pha, Hoat ddng khai thac than tren dja ban tinh Quang Ninh da tac ddng manh me tdi dja hinh, mdi trudng vd thuy he khu vuc khai thac Cae eo sd san xuit than hien cd tap trung chu yeu d ven bd vjnh Ha Long va vjnh Bai Tu Long Trong qua trinh san Theo quy hoach phat triin nganh than Viet Nam xuit hang nam nganh thgn thai dit da, nude thai san lugng khai thde than tU nam 2006 din 2015 tim md va cac phi lieu san xuit khac Trong tit ca cae nhin din 2025 dugc phe duyet theo bang cdng doan hoat ddng khai thac diu tac ddng manh Bang San Iwang than khai thac theo quy hoach nganh than (Nguon: TKV Viet Nam) TT Phifdng an Dofn vi PhifoTng an cd sd Trong d6: Lo thien Ham 15 Phutdng an cao Trong do: Lo thiSn Ham 16 10" ta'n 10' tan 10'tan 10* tSn 10' tan 10' tifn 2006 33,78 20,06 13,72 34,18 20,36 13,82 Nam khai thac 2010 2015 2020 43,09 52,12 56,77 18,99 18,82 17,92 33,30 38,85 24,10 57,92 65,07 49,09 19,32 17,92 19,89 38,60 47,15 29,20 2025 61,27 13,35 47,92 70,57 13,85 56,72 Tuy nhien, nhu ciu gia tang eua thj trudng than vdi cip dd Idn, san lugng khai thac trong nude vd xuit khiu, cung nhu tu Igi ich kinh te nhung nam gin day nam sau Idn hon nam trudc, dem lai, nganh than tang tie khai thdc d at, khai thac san lugng khai thac thue te dugc neu bang Phan bidn: TS Nguyen Kien Dung Tap Chi Khi tu'o'ng Thuy van * Thang 1/2009 13 ^~"' Nghien cuTu & T ^ a o ^ * ^ Bang San Iwang than khai thac nhO'ng nam gin day Dofn vi Trieu ta'n 2003 20,00 2004 27,33 2005 33,12 Qua sd lieu cua san lu'gng quy hoach va thuc te khai thac cho thiy san lugng khai thac thue t i dang tang nhanh, pha vd quy hoach khai thac cua nganh than, mdt he qua tit yiu di kem vdi Igi ich kinh t i cua nganh than la nhung tac ddng khdc Net, manh me eua hoat ddng khai thac than tdi mdi trudng viJng khai thac dd la: - Tac ddng tdi mdi trudng khdng - Lam suy thoai be mat dja hlnh khai thac, gia tang suy thoai dit - Tao he thing bai thai khong Id nim sat khu vuc dan cu, nhUng tham hoa cd nguyen nhan tubal thai - Tac dpng tdi mdi trudng nude, gay bdi lip he thing thuy he vung khai thac nhu la bdi lip sdng hi, biin ddi ddng chay, bdi lip va biin ddi he thing dudng bd vung vjnh Ha Long va vjnh Bai Tu Long - Lam d nhiim va thiy doi he thing nu'dc mat va nu'dc ngim Trong pham vi bai bao nay, tac gia ting hgp nhung nghien cuu danh gia nhUng tae ddng cua qua trinh tang ndng san lugng khai thac than tdi he thing thuy he vung khai thac da cd, qua dd d i xuit phuong an nghien cUu ehi tiit, danh gia thue chit anh hudng eua hoat ddng tdi mdi trudng thuy he vung than Ddng Bac, dua nhung nhan djnh danh gia xem xet cd nen tiip tuc tang nhanh san lugng khai thac than hay giam san lugng khai thac, qua dd giam thiiu tac ddng cua hoat ddng khai thac than tdi mdi trudng Hien trang mdi tripdng vung than Ddng Bie Cdng nghiep khai thac md tai Viet Nam da ddi va trai qua qua trinh phat trien hon 100 nam Hien Tap doan Cdng nghiep Than va Khoang san 14 Nam lihai thac 2006 37,00 2007 41,30 2008 (dir kien) 43,00 Viet Nam (TKV) cd 29 md Id thien, 14 md khai thac him Id va ba cum sang tuyin trung tam Hang nam xuc bde thai khoang 50 trieu m^ dat da, thai mdi trudng khoang 30 trieu m^ nude thai md, dao hang tram km dudng Id Cae eo sd san xuat than hien cd tap trung chu yiu ven bd vjnh Ha Long va Bai tu Long, di san thien nhien eua nhan loai Trong tit ca cac cdng doan hoat ddng khai thac deu tac ddng manh me tdi tai nguyen va mdi tru'dng Trong tirong lai hoat ddng khai thac than cang manh me, san lugng cang tang nhanh, khoi lugng tieu hao vat tu cang Idn keo theo khoi lugng dit da thai, nude thai md cang tang, tac ddng tdi mdi trudng san xuit than cang trim trpng Ben canh nhung ddng gdp to Idn cho nin kinh t i va tao cdng an viec lam cho hang van lao ddng thi nganh cdng nghiep than cung tae ddng manh me tdi mdi tru'dng tren nhiiu phuong dien a Tac dpng den moi trw&ng khong Mdi tru'dng khdng d nhiim bui cang trim trpng khdng ehf khu vuc khai thac ma ea khu vue dan cu, lang mac va cac khu dd thj Bui bao phu tren mai nha, tren eae tham cay xanh anh hudng tdi qua trinh phat triin eua cay xanh Bui gay anh hudng tdi sUe khoe cdng ding, bui gay benh phoi va cac benh ve dudng hd hip Kit qua kham sue khoe djnh ky cho 1700 cdng nhan nganh than cho thiy: - Tren 40% ngudi mie benh viem mui, viem hpng ' - 17% cdng nhan mac benh vidm xoang sau nam lam viec - 40% mic benh phi quan sau nam lam viee - Sd cdng nhan nganh than bj benh bui phoi chiim 85% tren tong sd ngudi mac benh eua khoi Tap chi Khi tu'o'ng Thuy van * Thang 1/2009 Nghidn ciJu & Trao d6i moong khai thac dugc bom len va thai true t i i p qua cdng nghiep Muc dp d nhiim bui b i i n doi theo mua va phu thudc vao cudng dd hoat ddng khai thac va eae hoat ddng lien quan Ngudn sinh bui chu y i u cac khau khoan no min, sang tuyen than tai cac nha may tuyen than, bdc rdt tai cae b i n cang, bui tu cac bai thai md Id thien eao hang tram m, dai hang chuc km cac kenh muong, sdng suoi khdng qua cdng doan xu ly tai be ling va thing bien Ngudn nude thai cd dp axit tuong ddi cao, d mdt sd md nhu Nui Beo, Ha Tu, Cao Son, Deo Nai cd t h i gap loai nude cd dp pH 2,2 - 3,6 Ham lugng ion sunfat, can lo lung r i t cao dpc theo bd bien tu vjnh Ha Long d i n Bai TLP Long Vung bj anh hudng nghiem trpng n h i t la huyen gid cudn theo, bui qua trinh van ehuyin d i t Ddng Triiu Hau qua eua khai thac tran lan lam suy da thai va than thoai tai nguyen rUng, tai nguyen nude, gay can kiet b Tac dpng den moi trw&ng nw&c va bien dpng dw&ng b& ngudn thuy sinh, gay ngap ung va han han cue bd, bdi ling Idng h i , b i i n doi ddng chay, lam thay d i i dudng bd vung khai thac Trong tong s i 25 h i chUa Theo Cue Bao ve Mdi trudng p h i n hoa nude d huyen Ddng Triiu da ed g i n mdt nua bj bdi hoe eo ban eua nude mat vung Hdn Gai - C i m Pha lip, ngudn nu'dc bi chua hoa Trong dd cd nhiiu h i da thay d i i dang k i nhu" giau ion sunfat, giam ion bj chua hoa nang nhu Cau Cudn, Ndi Hoang, Khe bieaebonat va mang tinh axit Tai khu vuc Ddng uon 1, Khe uon v.v ed dd pH d i u d dudi 3,5 Trieu - Udng Bi cdng nghe khai thac chu y i u la h i m (pH tieu chuin - , ) Id, khii lu'gng thai khdng nhiiu nhu'ng thiiu quy hoach vung thai d i n d i n hang loat sdng sudi, Hang nam nude thai md khoang 30 trieu m^ d i u khe h i bj san l i p d i n d i n can kiet ngudn nu'dc, thay du'gc true t i i p vjnh Tai cac khu vuc ven bd doi phin thuy hoa cua nu'dc, ngudn nude bj vjnh Ha Long va Bai T u Long da cd nhung d nhiim nhiim b i n Day lai la nhUng khu vuc d i u ngudn cue bd tang lugng c h i t tliai r i n lo lung, giam nude khai thac phuc vu dan sinh Tai day, thiiu quy lugng dxy hoa tan, nitrorit va khuin gay benh Col- hoach ddng bd giUa san lu'gng khai thac va cdng IForm tai eae khu vue nhu' lan be, vung dang v.v tac dam bao ve sinh mdi trudng Chinh vi vay, dp due da x i p xf hoac vugt tieu chuin cho phep ngudn nude bj d nhiim t r i m trpng nhu h i Ndi Viee thai d i t da tao t i i n d i cho mua lu bdi l i p Hoang, Trang Bach, gay b i i l i p sdng Dien Vpng, sdng sudi, qua trinh thai tao nen mdt vung d i t Mdng Duong v.v mu'pn tren dien tich rdng Idn, vdi chiiu cao thai hang 100 m Nhung vung d i t mugn cd tac ddng cua mua Idn thudng tao cac ddng bun trugt chay, di ehuyin xudng vung t h i p , vung d i t canh tae gay thiet hai tdi nha cua, rudng vudn, hoa m i u tham ehi gay c h i t ngudi, thiet hai tdi mdi trudng kinh t i xa hdi Nan trdi l i p d i t da thai d i i n manh me d cae vung g i n bai thai, cae khu vuc cd dd chia cat dja hlnh manh nhu tai khu vuc md Deo Nai, Cpe Sau vv d i t da rua trdi da boi l i p lam m i t 200 d i t Hinh Xoi mon dit da thai tac dpng cua nw&e be mat rudng vudn, gay lut ldi cae khu vue xung quanh Tai day biin ddng dudng bd bien d i i n manh liet, K i t qua diiu tra tai 150 giing khoan, mach Id vdi doan dudng bd bien khu vue C i m Pha boi i i n k i t qua 64 mau nude cho thiy ngudn nude da bj d biin 300 - 400 m, khu vue g i n Cpe Sau cd noi tdi nhiim, dac biet la nhiim ban nito Nude thai tU cac 700 m Tai vung qua trinh boi tu eae ddng Tap chi Khi tu'o'ng Thuy van * Thang 1/2009 15 Nghien ciJu & Trao ddi bun da da tao ludi bdi tu rdng Idn cang tiin din tdi dao Theo nghien cuu cua Trin Quic Cudng TT Viin tham va Geomatic, Vien Dja chit, Vien KH&CN Viet Nam tai khu Cim Pha so vdi nam 1969, dudng bd nam 1993 da iin 700 m va nam 2001 da Iin 1000 m Tai khu nha may tuyen than Cua Ong, bai thai da lip mit cua sdng va hinh mdt hd nhan tao Tu nam 1993 tdi nam 2001 bai thai da iin v i phia tay - tay nam 450 m Qua trinh boi tu va djch chuyin dit da da lam thay doi ddng chay eua he thing thuy he vung khai thac, bdi lip va thay doi ddng chay sdng Diin Vpng, sdng Mdng Duong v.v lam thay doi he thing va nguon cung cip nude cho sinh hoat va phat trien san xuit Biin dang b i mat dja hinh khu vue khai thac dang la vin d i nil com nhat Vung khai thac Id thien Ha Long - Cim pha dang phai dii mat vdi vin d i suy thoai dja hlnh b i mat tao dia hinh am va su phat triin mit can ddi eua he thing bai thai Qua phan tich du lieu anh vien tham nam 1969 dien tich bai thai Nam Deo Nai mdi ehf cd 42,9 thi din nam 1993 dien tich da tang len 4,2 Iin Dien tich bai thai nha sang Cua Ong 24 nam da tang tu 10,3 len 48 ha, va ehi sau nam tu 1993 tdi 2001 dien tich da tang tU 48 len 73,24 Hoat ddng cua qud trinh khai thdc ldm thu hep vd suy thodi dang k i dien tich dit ndng nghiep, phd huy dien tich dit lam nghiep Cae hoat ddng khai thde da Idm mit 2900 dit rUng cdc loai, dp che phu rUng bj suy giam theo thdi gian Dien tich dit dai bj mit phdt triin khai trudng c Suy thoai dja hinh be mat va gia tang suy thoai vd d i thai khu vue Cim Pha theo bang dit Bang Dien tfch khai trw&ng, bai thai va thai Iin bien vung Cam Pha (ha) (Ngudn: Nguyin Dich Dl, 2003) —-—— Nam 1970 1.985 1997 1999 1100 14CK) 1880 2000 Dien tfch dd thai bidn 56 81 94 120 Di6n tfch d^t n6ng nghigp bj l^p bcli biln, dat 66 thii 200 225 238 38 H^ng muc , _^ Dien tich khai tru'cing va bai thai O" Hdn Gai, Nam dudng 18A (Cim Pha) giai doan 1970 -1997, ede hoat ddng khai thac than da huy hoai khoang 2.900ha (trung binh mdi nam mit 100 - 110 ha) dit rUng cdc loai, dd khoang 2.000 bj mit md via, thai dit dd Dp che phu rUng tu nhien tu 33,7% nam 1970 giam xudng cdn 6,7% (1985) vd 4,7% (1997) !f5^\I'lffiniiiiliAlil^Mill'! J: 16 Hinh Toan canh bai thai Nam Deo Nai va cac khu vwc dan ew Tap chi Khi tu^gng Thuy van * Thang 1/2009 K? Djnh hudng nghien cu'u danh gia tac dong ciia khai thac than tdi mdi tru'dng vung khai thac Trong qua trinh khai thdc than tdc ddng tdi mdi trudng viing khai thdc tren nhiiu phuong dien nhu suy thoai b i mdt dia hlnh, thay doi tgo cdc dja hinh dm nhu moong khai thde vd dja hlnh duong bdi thai, gdy boi lip huy hoai dat ndng lam nghidp Qud trinh vdn chuyen than, dit da thai vat lidu thai gdp phan Idm gia tang hien tugng ling dpng trim tich tai cdc sdng suoi, boi lip kenh muong vd h i chua, gdy biin ddng dudng bd Kit qua cua cdc tdc ddng ndy deu ed the phdt hien dugc tren cdc tu li$u viin tham thdng qua ede diu hieu true tiip (nhu hlnh dang, tdng anh, bdng dja v.dt), cdc diu hieu gidn tiip khac vd tfnh da thdi gian eua tu lieu anh viin thdm - Viin thdm Id qua trinh thu thap va phan tich thdng tin v i ddi tugng md khdng cd su tiip xiie tryc tiip din vdt thi, dugc phdt triin dua tren nhung thdnh tuu mdi nhit eua khoa hpc ky thudt cung nhu cdng nghe vu tru, cdng nghd tin hpc Ld mdn khoa hpc lien ngdnh vdi muc tieu cung cip thdng tin nhanh nhit vd khdch quan phuc vu cho cdc ngdnh kinh te quoc ddn Doi tugng nghien cuu eua viin thdm Id ede su vat va qua trinh xay tren be mat trai dat Viin thdm khdng nghien cuu true tiip ede qud trinh vd su vdt dd md nghien cuu gidn tiip thdng qua hlnh anh eua chiing Id cac buc k^ tu ve su phdn b i nang lugng mat trdi dugc phan xa lai tu cdc doi tugng trdn b i mat dja hinh Viec xu ly anh viin thdm va kit hgp phdn tich thdng tin trdn he thong thdng tin dia ly (GIS) dang dugc ung dung ngdy cang rdng rai vd ddp ung dugc nhu cau dua cae kit qua v i ddnh gid biin ddng cae yiu to mdi trudng, kiim ke vd gidm sat mdi trudng, diiu tra va khao sdt tdi nguyen thien nhien, quy hoach va quan ly dit dai, du bdo lu lut vd ede tai biin v i mdi trudng Qud trinh chong xep du lidu theo thdi gian se xdc djnh dugc nhung biin ddng dja hlnh khai thde than (nhu biin ddng md khai thde Id thien, biin ddng bai thai, boi ling vat lieu thai, biin doi dudng bd vv ) Vide phdn tich du lidu anh hang khdng, anh ve tinh kdt hgp vdi dU lieu tren GIS v i dja hlnh, dudng bd, hd thong thuy he dugc phan tich bing phuong Npfeh ctfu & Trao dd'i phdp chong ghdp dU lieu theo thdi gian (vdi khoang thdi gian nam, 10 ndm) deu cd thi phdt hidn dugc tren tu lidu anh hdng khdng, tu li$u viin thdm se cho phdp ddnh gid biin ddng eua ede yiu to mdi trudng thay doi tdc ddng cua cdc hoat ddng khai thde, Ngodi ra, nghidn cUu anh vd tinh cdn cho phdp xdc djnh dugc hudng vdn chuyen cua cdc ddng vdt lidu tram tfch ven bd, xdc dinh dugc vung tich tu trim tich ven bd v.v.,, - Luan giai bing mat thudng, kit hgp nhiiu loai diu hieu nhdn biit dodn doe anh hdng khdng cho phdp nh$n dang nhiiu doi tugng bien ddng khdc cua mdi trudng Khi xdy dung ban hien trang mdi trudng vOng khai thdc cho moi thdi ky, xdy dung ban tren quan diim ngudn goc hlnh thdi kit hgp vdi quan diem dja chit mdi trudng Qua dd, lam noi bat tdc ddng nhdn sinh tdi mdi trudng khu vue, ngodi ede kiiu dja hlnh thdnh tgo tdc ddng eua tu nhidn thi cdc dang dja hlnh tao ngudi dugc gdp chung thdnh dja hinh nhdn sinh Nhu vdy, cdc kiiu dia hlnh thdnh tao hoac ehju tdc ddng Idn eua qud trinh khai thde than se dugc nhin manh - Xu ly anh so, chiit xuit cdc doi tugng vd biin ddng dudng bd Ddc diim dau tien cua phuong phdp anh so Id qud trinh s i hod anh edn eU vdo qud trinh so hod anh ed t h i phdn chia thdnh ede phuong phdp anh so nhu: a) Phwang phap anh so hon hap Trong phuong phdp so hod anh ngudi ta lip ddt mdt bp so hod trdn mdy anh giai tich de tien hdnh so hod ege bd tUng phin eua anh vd nhd bd to hgp md thu nhdn dugc tog dd khdng gian eua tung anh, mdt so phuong phap anh b) Phwang phap anh toan so Trong phuong phap ndy so lieu dua vdo xu ly Id anh sd tuc Id cac tin hieu quet dugc ghi nhdn thdng tin qua cdc hd thong didn tu Neu tu lieu diu vao la anh chup truyen thong thi trudc hit phai tiin hdnh so hod bing thiit bj so hod Qud trinh ve anh so bang he thong ndy bao gom ede ndi dung chu yiu nhu:, • Tap chi Khi tu'o'ng Thuy van * Thang 1/2009 17 Nghidn cufu & Trao ddi Xdc djnh cdc yiu td djnh hirdng anh; Nhdn dang va to hgp anh; Tinh tpa dp khdng gian diem anh; Ndi suy b i mat md hinh; tu ddng ve dja hinh tren ban dd anh true giao dugc thdnh lap theo phuong phdp nin anh sd e) Phwang phap anh so td'c th&i Trong phuong phdp nay, qud trinh thu nhdn thdng tin anh vd xu ly thdng tin xiy ddng thdi vdi su lien kit chat che giua thiit bj chup anh vd he thong may tinh ed tinh nang cao Phuong phap anh so tuc thdi dugc Ung dung nhiiu ITnh vue khoa hpc vd cdng nghiep Trong dd anh, phuong phdp ndy dugc ung dung de phdt then phuong phdp anh tu ddng pham vi gin Tu tu lieu anh hang khdng, ve tinh cd thi chiit xuit dugc cdc ddi tugng tren mat dit bao gdm dit, nude, dudng bd vd thuc vat Sd dT anh ve tinh quang hpc ed thi phan biet dugc ede ddi tugng neu tren Id kha nang phan xa dnh sdng mat trdi cua ,ede ddi tugng khdc Tren cdc kenh anh khac nhau, mdi ddi tu'gng se cd gid trj sd khdc Su khdc biet ndy Id co sd d i doan dpc bing mit thudng vd xu ly sd vdi anh ve tinh nghien eUu ddnh gia biin ddng cua ede doi nghien eUu Viee kit hgp phdn tich du lieu anh hdng khdng, tu lieu viin thdm vd GIS, du lieu dugc phdn tich chong xip du lieu nhim djnh lugng dugc cac biin ddng dja hinh, bdi lip sdng h i , biin ddng dudng bd v.v tai vung khai thac cho phep md hudng tiip can mdi nhim ndng eao kha nang ddnh gid tdc ddng tdi mdi trudng, biin ddng tdi nguyen mdi trudng vung khai thdc than san lugng khai thde ngdy cdng Idn, phd vd quy hoach khai thde da dugc phe duyet, phd vd canh quan mdi trudng Kit luan Qud trinh hoat ddng khai ddo vd thai dit dd tU cdc hoat ddng khai thde than tu nhung nam 2000 da Id tdc nhan ehfnh gay biin ddng v i dja hinh b i mat, Idm suy thodi nhiiu dien tich dit ndng nghiep, lam nghiep, Idm thay doi chi dp thuy van cue bd tren cdc he thong thuy he vung khai thdc Tuy nhien, nhung nam gin ddy san lugng khai thdc than cang cdng gia tang chdng mat, he luy cua nd Id nhUng tai biin va nhung tham hoa mdi trudng cd nguyen nhdn tU cdc hoat ddng khai thdc ngdy cdng Idn Su biin doi ngudn nude, huy hoai mdi trudng, hdng loat sdng sudi, khe hd bj san lip din din can kiet ngudn nude, thay doi ddng chay he thong sdng sudi cung nhu he thing h i ehUa nude, bien ddng manh me dudng bd Id hien huu Dae biet la dpc theo ven bd vjnh Ha Long vd Bdi Tu Long Id di san thien nhien thi gidi ngdy cdng trim trpng Vide d i xuit giai phdp nghien cuu, ung dung he thing thdng tin dia ly cung nhu viec kit hgp xu ly chong xip du lieu anh hdng khdng, anh ve tinh cho phep ddnh gid vd xde djnh dugc cdc biin ddng v i tdi nguyen vd mdi trudng vung khai thdc nhanh chdng, dua nhung so lieu biin ddng v i tdi nguyen, mdi trudng chuin xdc, khdch quan ddnh gid dugc tdc ddng eua qua trinh tang san lugng khai thdc tdi mdi trudng viing khai thdc Qua dd giup nhung nhd quy hoach, hoach djnh ehfnh sdeh, chiin luge phdt triin kinh t i ed dugc nhung quyit djnh diing din d i phdt then ngdnh khai thdc than phu hgp vd bin vung Tai lieu tham khao 18 Hpi Khoa hoc Cdng nghe Mo Viet Nam (2003) Tuyin tap bdo cdo hpi nghi khoa hoe ky thuat mo todn qudc Iin thir XV, Hui Hdi Khoa hoe Cdng nghe md Viet Nam (2006) Tuyin tap bdo cao hpi nghi khoa hoe ky thuat hid todn qudc Iin thu XVII, Da Nang Tuyin tap bdo cdo hdi nghi khoa hoc Idn thir 16, quyin (2004) Dal hoc Md - Dia chit Ha Npi '* ^"' Vien Khoa hoe cdng nghe md (2002) Kit qud nghien ciru vd triin khai khoa hoc cdng nghe md (1972 - 2002), Hd Npi Vo Chi My (1993) Do ve kiim ke cdc yiu td mdi trudng viing md Tuyin tap cae cdng trinh khoa hoc tap XVIII Oa/ hoc Md - Dia chit, Hd Npi Tap chi Khi tu'gng Thuy van * Thang 1/2009 ... san lugng khai thac than hay giam san lugng khai thac, qua dd giam thiiu tac ddng cua hoat ddng khai thac than tdi mdi trudng Hien trang mdi tripdng vung than Ddng Bie Cdng nghiep khai thac md... Thuy van * Thang 1/2009 K? Djnh hudng nghien cu''u danh gia tac dong ciia khai thac than tdi mdi tru''dng vung khai thac Trong qua trinh khai thdc than tdc ddng tdi mdi trudng viing khai thdc tren... quy hoach khai thac cua nganh than, mdt he qua tit yiu di kem vdi Igi ich kinh t i cua nganh than la nhung tac ddng khdc Net, manh me eua hoat ddng khai thac than tdi mdi trudng viJng khai thac