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Hdi nghi khoa hoc kT thuat md qudc te 2010 Cdng nghiep md tien tien vi su phat triin bin vitng MO CROMIT CO DINH THANH HOA DINH HlTCTNG PHAT T R I E N B E N V t T N G T R O N G K H A I T H A C C H E B[.]
Hdi Cdng nghi khoa nghiep md hoc tien kT thuat tien md qudc vi su phat te - triin bin 2010 vitng MO CROMIT CO DINH - THANH HOA - DINH HlTCTNG PHAT TRIEN BEN VtTNG TRONG K H A I T H A C - CHE V A BIEN PHAP PHUC HOIIVIOI BIEN TRlTOuNG CNKH Steven Dudka C N K H Ray B u r i n g C o n g t y A r c h i p e l a g o Resources Pic ( A n h ) KS Nguyen Qu6c H u n g Tap doan C o n g nghiep T h a n - K h o a n g san V i e t N a m Tdm t&t: Trong khuon khd phap ly ciia Viet Nam va phu hop voi quy hoach phat trien ciia Chinh phii, Tap doan cdng nghiep Than - Khoang san Viet Nam (VINACOMIN) yd cdng ty Archipelago Resources Plc.(ARP) ciia Anh Qudc hien dang tiin hanh cdc buoc de xudt phat trien khai thdc md, thu hdi khoang san va chi biin sau tai nguyen khoang san tqi khu vuc Cd Dinh Thanh Hod, tqo co hdi phat triin bin vung thdng qua cdc hoat ddng khai thdc mot each cd he thong di thu hdi cdc kim loai quy nhu: Crom, Niken, Coban va Bentonite; ciing vdi cdc bien phap bao ve mdi trudng Md dau T m i n h h a n g b i p h o n g hoa v a an m o n cua da sieu m a f i c n a m d u o i chan day N u i N u a T i n h Thanh Hoa, V i e t N a m da tao tai n g u y e n sa k h o a n g c r o m i t ( C ^ C ^ ) v o i t r u l u o n g duoc xac d i n h vao k h o a n g 21 t r i e u tan N g o a i ra, tai day c o n t o n tai hai l o a i k h o a n g san la niken v o i t r u l u o n g uoc t i n h vao khoang t r i e u tan v a coban v a i t r u l u o n g uac t i n h vao khoang 270 ngan tan T r o n g k h u o n k h o phap l y cua V i e t N a m v a p h u h o p v o i ke h o a c h phat trien ciia C h i n h phu, Tap doan C o n g nghiep T h a n - K h o a n g san V i e t N a m ( T K V ) v a C o n g t y A R P hien dang tien hanh de xuat h i n g b u o c t r i e n k h a i viec k h a i thac, t h u h o i k h o a n g san va che bien sau cho toan bo tai n g u y e n k h o a n g san n o i h e n m o t each co he t h o n g N h u n g cong t r i n h nghien c u u bai ban v a cac cong nghe t i e n t i e n h i e n dai d u k i e n se ap d u n g se g i u p thu hoi t o i da cac san p h a m khoang san n o i h e n ; tir giai d o a n dau, c o n g tac bao ve m o i t r u o n g se duoc phat t r i e n theo h u o n g quy hoach m o i t r u o n g ; c o n g tac phuc h o i m o i t r u o n g cho cac k h u vuc k h a i thac sau k h i da k h a i thac x o n g se d u a c t r i e n k h a i t u n g b u o c v a lien tuc; se len ke hoach d i d o i tirng b u o c n h u n g ho dan song tai n h i r n g k h u v u c d u k i e n se trien khai hoat d o n g k h a i thac, theo se t i e n h a n h d i d a i cac d a n v i ho gia d i n h v a d o n v i cong dong t o i cac k h u tai d i n h cu D u k i l n , viec t r i i n k h a i hoat dong k h a i thac co he t h i n g t a i t a m k h u v u c phat t r i i n va thu h o i t o i da toan bo k h o a n g san, d o n g t h a i sir d u n g cac san p h i m c r o m - n i k e n - c o b a n l a m nguyen l i e u dau vao p h u c v u cho hoat d o n g c h i b i l n sau se tao c a h o i viec l a m lau dai, I n dinh cho h o n 1.200 n g u o i , dong gop I o n vao ngan sach t i n h T h a n h H o a t h o n g qua cac khoan thue va cac k h o a n p h i d u k i l n se nop cho C h i n h p h i i N g o a i ra, viec c o n d o n g gop rat I o n va lau dai cho su phat t r i i n k i n h t l - x a h o i cua cac k h u v u c l a n can 768 Hdi Cdng nghi mhiep khoa hoc md tien kT thuat tiin md qudc vi su phat triin te ben 2010 vung P h u o n g an phat t r i i n T K V v a C o n g t y A R P d l x u i t g i u p cai t h i e n dang k l cac hoat d o n g k h a i thac da t r i i n k h a i t r u o c day v o i cac c o n g nghe lac hau v a tho so cho m u c thuc t h u k h o a n g san r i t t h i p (khoang % ) Cac hoat d o n g k h a i thac t r u o c day d o n g gop r i t i t cho s u phat t r i i n cua cong d i n g d i a p h u o n g , n g o a i r a da d l l a i n h i l u hau qua l a u dai v l t i n h trang n h i e m m o i t r u o n g v a n h i l u v u n g dat h i e n v a n chua d u p e t i e n hanh phuc h o i moi truong Gi&i thieu vi vi trimd Co Binh • • • K h u v u c k h o a n g sang chua c r o m i t , n i k e n , coban v a set bentonit co d i e n t i c h khoang k m thuoc T i n h T h a n h H o a , p h i a Bac V i e t N a m v o i t r u l u o n g da d u p e xac d i n h v a co kha nang chua k h o a n g hoa T K V v a C o n g t y A r c h i p e l a g o Resources P L C ( A R P ) ( m o t cong t y co phan cua A n h ) da l e n p h u o n g an t i m h i e u cac c o h p i t h a m do, k h a i thac v a che b i l n sau khoang san cho k h u v u c n o i h e n K h u v u c t r u n g tarn cua k h u m o n a m each T h u y * * r y H a N o i khoang k m ve p h i a N a m v a each p h o T h a n h H o a k m ve p h i a T a y N a m ( h i n h 1) T r o n g k h u v u c , co t o n t a i d u o n g d i e n cao the, he t h o n g d i e n thoai v a Internet T u y e n d u o n g sat quoc gia nam each b i e n g i o i p h i a N a m k h u mo khoang k m D i e n t i c h k m b i chia d o i theo h u o n g T a y B a c - D n g N a m b o i suon day N u i N u a D a y N u i N u a co chieu dai k m , r o n g khoang l - k m v o i d i n h cao nhat cao khoang m Ddc diem dia chat M d C o D i n h d u p e xep loai la Hinh Ban vi tri khu vuc Du dn Cromit m o sa k h o a n g co b i e n dp d i c h tai Co Dinh chuyen thap d u p e t h a n h tao t r e n m o t b o n t r a m t i c h co d i e n t i c h , k m gan p h i a D o n g N u i N u a ; K h u m o d u p e t h a n h tao t i r da v a y q u a n h sieu m a f i c b i s e r p e n t i n h o a t a i chan day N u i N u a D a v a y q u a n h l a m o t p h a n cua d a i o p h i o l i t song M a C r o m i t hat m i n y r r r * y r nam phan b o k h a p k h u v u c da goc v a n h i e u k h u v u c n h o c h u a c r o m i t d a n g b a n k h o i r y y r t d i - k h o i t o n t a i t r o n g k h u m o T u y n h i e n , cho t d i n h u n g l o i i c h v e k i n h te v a n c h u a dupe xac d i n h D d i Song M a g l m bao g d m m o t mat cat h a m t i c h b i e n t u d n g p h i e n luc day co t u o i tir C a m b n den D e v o n dac t r u n g b d i cac he tang p h i i b i u o n nep q u i m o l d n cho thay co su v a cham g i u a cac m a n g luc dia R a n h g i d i Phia N a m dupe danh d i u b d i D u t gay Song M a cam sau ve h u d n g bac v a co d i k e m v d i cac tang sieu m a f i c serpentin hoa, d u p e sinh su va cham v a co dan g i u a hai m a n g N a m T r u n g H o a v a m a n g D o n g D u o n g [ ] Lich su du dn / cdc cdng nghe su dung trudc day va hien dang duac su dung M o C r o m i t C D i n h - T h a n h H o a l i n d i u t i e n d u p e phat h i e n vao n a m 1927 ( t h d i Phap t h u p c ) K i t qua t i n h toan t a i n g u y e n p h i a V i e t N a m t h u c h i e n t r u d c day h o n g khoang t h d i g i a n tir c u l i thap k y 50 t d i thap k y 70 c h i r i n g m o C r o m i t C l D i n h chua 769 Hoi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc kT thuat mo tien tien mo quoc vi su phat te - triin bin 2010 vung C r h a m l u o n g % v a t r u l u o n g C r vao k h o a n g t r i e u t i n , trir l u o n g N i k e n vao khoang 3,01 t r i e u t i n v a t r u l u o n g C o b a n vao k h o a n g 271 n g a n t i n t r o n g p h a m v i k h o i 3 l u o n g t a i n g u y e n da d u o c xac d i n h cho p h i n D o n g B i c day N u i N u a v o i n h i l u t h a n quang nho h o n p h a n bo x u n g quanh t a i cac t h u n g l u n g quanh day N u i N u a N g o a i ra, t h a n h phan set bentonit t r o n g cac t r a m t i c h chua c r o m i t vao k h o a n g - % , d u o c danh g i a l a se d e m lai gia t r i k i n h te I o n n e u t h i t r u o n g bentonit d u o c m d r o n g K h u v u c Co D i n h l a m o t k h u v u c n o n g t h o n , k e m phat t r i i n T r o n g l i c h sir, t a i day da dien n h i e u hoat d o n g k h a i thac sir d u n g cong nghe lac hau v a q u i t r i n h k h a i thac k h o n g p h i i hop, gay n h i i m v a h u y h o a i m o i t r u d n g , k h o n g quan t a m t d i v i n de bao ve v a phuc h o i m o i t r u d n g cho cac k h u v u c k h a i thac; m u c thuc t h u quang thap ( k h o a n g % ) gay that thoat tai nguyen t h i e n n h i e n dang ke Cac c o n g nghe k h a i thac v a che b i e n t r u d c day da sir y f t •> r dung g o m : sung ban n u d e de danh t o i set, sau d u n g sang de t a c h quang v a set k h o i k h o i da tang V i e c k h a i dao, rira, sang quang, d a i quang d u o c t h u c h i e n t h u cong, san p h a m t i n h f r r quang h a m l u o n g thap D o v a y , neu hoat d o n g k h a i thac d u o c q u a n l y t o t se l a p h u o n g tien quan t r o n g nhat g i u p tang t r u d n g k i n h te v a phat t r i e n x a h o i cho k h u v u c c o n k e m phat trien Giay phep k h a i thac k h o a n g san da d u o c B o C o n g n g h i e p c i p cho cong t y c o n cua T K V vao 20/7/1996 G i i y phep k h a i thac k h o a n g san ( E M L ) co d i e n t i c h , k m n a m d Phia Bac k h u rao; dupe b i l t t r u l u o n g C r ban d i u vao k h o a n g 4,2 t r i e u t i n v d i h a m l u o n g tai cho la 3,44% T i n h T h a n h H o a da c i p q u y l n sir d u n g d i t cho T K V tren p h i n dien t i c h dang d u o c phat t r i i n H i e n k h o n g co cac so l i e u c h i n h xac l i e n quan t d i hoat d o n g k h a i thac t r u d c day Theo m o t bao cao, san l u o n g k h a i thac n g u d i Phap, N h a t B a n v a V i e t N a m thuc hien vao khoang 374.270 t i n ( t i n h tir n a m 1930 t d i c u l i thang 12 n a m 1980) Theo m o t s! bao cao khac, k l tir n a m 1963, u d c tinh co k h o a n g 500.000-750.000 t i n C r da d u o c khai thac va t i e u t h u D e d a m bao k i t qua tinh t o a n t a i n g u y e n c o n l a i t r o n g k h u v u c d u o c c h i n h xac h o n t h i can p h a i thuc h i e n t h e m r i t n h i l u cong viec khac m o t each c h i tilt M a c d u t a i n g u y e n c r o m i t da dupe k h a i thac t r o n g m o t t h d i g i a n d a i c u n g n h u da dupe t h a m h e n d i e n r o n g n h u n g h i e n t a i v i n chua co p h u o n g an k h a t h i nao m a n g t i n h toan dien, d i n g t h d i cung chua co hoat dong k h a i thac, c h i b i l n q u i m o cong nghiep nao dupe t r i i n k h a i c i i n g n h u chua co nganh cong nghiep c h i b i l n sau nao d u p e phat t r i i n Cdc cdng nghe hop tdc nu&c ngoai vd ky thuat tien tien, hien dqi du kiin se dp dung vd phuong dn Co the n h i n thay ro rang m o t so mat han che cua nganh k h a i thac k h o a n g san h i e n tai cua V i e t N a m n h u : t h i l u cong nghe h i e n dai d l co t h i t a n t h u t l i da t i t ca cac l o a i khoang san co t h i t h u h l i t a i m o ; t h i l u k y thuat quan l y k h a i thac v a c h i b i l n k h o a n g san m o t each hieu qua; t h i l u cong nghe c h i b i l n sau v a k h o n g d u n g u l n lire t a i c h i n h d l co t h i thuc hien hieu qua toan bp n h u n g cong viec n o i h e n Tir d i u n a m 0 , T K V v a C o n g t y A R P da t r i i n k h a i h o p tac d l t h u c h i e n cac nghien ciru l i e n quan t d i viec phat t r i i n v a k h a i thac m o C r o m i t C D i n h C u l i n a m 2006, Cong t y A R P da h o a n viec danh g i a t o a n bp t a i n g u y e n c r o m i t t a i C l D i n h d m u c nghien c u u k h a i quat, t r o n g k i t qua danh g i a la l i l t sue k h a quan T r e n c o sd cac k i t qua 770 Hdi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thuat tiin mo qudc vi su phat te - trien ben 2010 viing nghien c u u nay, C h i n h p h i i V i e t N a m da l i n g ho T K V v a A R P h o p tac thuc h i e n m o t N g h i e n c u u K h a t h i tren d i e n t i c h giay phep k h a i thac da cap N e u ket qua n g h i e n c u u k h a t h i t i c h cue, se t i l n t o i lap cong t y l i e n doanh c h u y e n v e phat t r i i n hoat d o n g k h a i thac v a che b i e n sau t a i k h u v u c V i e c t h u h o i t o i da cac loai t a i n g u y e n khoang san g o m c r o m i t , n i k e n , coban v a set bentonit se co the thuc h i e n duoc t h o n g qua viec sir d u n g c o n g nghe v a thiet b i t i e n tien, cac p h u o n g phap k y thuat da d u p e n g h i e n c u u bai ban, q u y t r i n h k i e m tra, g i a m sat chat che hoat d o n g che b i e n t a i t h u c d i a c u n g n h u t i e n hanh quan l y n g h i e m ngat n g u o n tai nguyen, ca k h i chua k h a i thac cung n h u t r o n g suot qua t r i n h k h a i thac v a che bien V i e c se d a m bao d e m l a i l o i i c h t o i da cho c h i n h quyen d i a p h u o n g t h o n g qua cac k h o a n t h u l tai nguyen, p h i m o i t r u o n g , thue t h u nhap doanh nghiep v a n g u o i dan dia p h u o n g se co duoc cong an viec l a m o n d i n h , l a u dai, d o i song duoc nang cao P h i i h o p v o i m u c t i e u ciia C h i n h p h i i V i e t N a m , T K V v a A R P da de xuat lap m o t cong t y l i e n doanh c h u y e n ve k h a i thac khoang san v a che b i e n sau sir d u n g cong nghe k y thuat t i e n t i e n h i e n d a i L i e n doanh se cung cap cac g i a i phap c h u y e n nghiep, toan dien 7 de phat t r i e n m o C r o m i t Co D i n h , T h a n h H o a Phwctng dn phat trien du dn tdng the T u a n t h i i n h u n g q u y tac chung ve phat t r i e n ben v u n g v a "cac t i e u chuan quoc t e " d o i v o i hoat dong k h a i thac, T K V v a A R P da x a y d u n g p h u o n g an t i n g the de phat t r i e n t a i nguyen khoang san t a i C o D i n h P h u o n g an da duoc giri t d i cac c o quan chiic nang ciia V i e t N a m x e m xet T r e n c o so ket qua t i n h toan tai nguyen C r o m i t h i e n thuc h i e n cho phan Phia D o n g Bac day N i i i N u a , viec t h u h o i khoang san d u k i e n se d u p e thuc h i e n tai hai k h u k h a i thac c h i n h thuoc d i e n t i c h da co giay phep, g o m : k h u D A I v a D A , k h u v u c r r tien hanh t h a m do, k h u v u c tir k h u D A t o i D A v a m o t k h u k h a i thac d u k i e n la k h u D A f t N h i r n g k h u v u c n o i t r e n t u o n g u n g v o i g i a i doan t r i e n k h a i d u an n h u da d u k i e n v a t o n g cong, co tat ca K h u v u c Phat t r i e n (tir k h u D A - t o i D A - ) N h u n g k h u v u c n o i h e n dupe \ 7 the hien tai h i n h - B a n v i t r i cac K h u v u c Phat t r i e n theo p h u o n g an phat t r i e n T K V va A R P de xuat > P h u o n g an n o i h e n d u p e x a y d u n g n h a m cac m u c d i c h c u the n h u sau: x r G i i i p q u y hoach h i e u qua h o n , d o n g t h o i tao s u p h o i h o p h i e u qua h o n t r o n g viec trien k h a i d u an g i u a cac d o n v i dau t u , c h i n h q u y e n v a n g u o i dan dia p h u o n g ; qua giup giam thieu t i n h trang lang p h i t a i nguyen; T a n g h i e u qua k i n h te ciia cac hoat d o n g k h a i thac v a c i i n g luc co the t h u h o i t o i da nhieu loai k h o a n g san ( C r - N i - C o - b e n t o n i t ) ; B l t r i t a i d i n h c u tirng b u o c , k i p t h o i , p h i i h o p theo d o n v i hp g i a d i n h v a theo cac n h o m cong d o n g ; K i l m soat n g h i e m ngat n h u n g tac d o n g v l m o i t r u o n g v a x a h p i ; K i p t h d i t i e n hanh phuc h o i m o i t r u d n g t u n g b u d c cho cac k h u v u c k h a i thac v a c h i b i l n sau m o t each h i e u qua sau k h i da k h a i thac x o n g d l tra l a i cac k h u v u c v l q u y ddt ciia T i n h 771 Hoi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thuat tiin mo qudc vi su phat ti - triin 2010 bin viing V i e c k h a i thac t a i n g u y e n c r o m i t t a i C l D i n h d u k i l n se d u p e t h u c h i e n t u n g b u o c giai doan v o i k h u v u c phat t r i i n ( D A ) M o i k h u v u c d a i d i e n cho m o t g i a i doan khai thac d u k i e n se keo d a i k h o a n g n a m San l u p n g k h a i thac v a san x u i t t i n h quang c r o m i t se dupe g i a tang theo b u o c t r o n g suot g i a i doan ( B a n g 1) Bang Cdc khu vuc phat trien vd san luong Giai doan Giai doan Giai doan tinh quang du kien Ten k h u v y c phat t r i i n (DA) Cac giai doan k h a i thac San lurong d u kien (*San l u o n g t i n h quang C r h a m l u o n g % ) DA-1 2011 -2016 DA-2 2017-2021 DA-3 2022 - 2026 DA-4 DA-5 DA-6 DA-7 DA-8 2027-2031 2032 - 2036 2037-2041 2042-2044 2045 - 2011 - 2012: 3.000.000 tan quang/nam (* 111,000 tan tinh quang/nam); 2013 - 2015: 6,000,000 tan quang/nam (*221,000 tan tinh quang/nam); 2016 - 2017: 12,000,000 tan quang/nam (*443,000 tan tinh quang/nam); 2018 - 2 : 19,250,000 tan quang/nam (*710,000 t i n tinh quang/nam) 19,250,000 tan quang/nam (*710,000 tan tinh quang/nam) N h u tren N h u tren N h u tren N h u tren N h u tren V i t r i cua G i a i doan D u an v a v i t r i k h u v u c phat t r i e n dupe t r i n h bay tai h i n h K h u v u c D u an 1-2/Giai doan - k h u G i a y phep K h a i thac h i e n tai cap cho cong t y c o n cua T K V K h u vuc co dien t i c h , k m g l m khu DA-1 v a D A - bao K h u v u c D u an - / G i a i doan - K h u D u trir C r o m i t Q u l c gia K h u D u t r u C r o m i t Q u l c g i a co dien t i c h k m nhien n h i l u k h u v u c thuoc ||pt phan dien t i c h h i e n dang dupe cap phep cho cac d o n v i khac hoac nhieu k h u v u c h i e n c o n n a m sau d u o i da g l e g i n b l mat, do chua t h i tien hanh k h a i thac N h u n g k h u v u c n o i tren k h o n g thuoc p h a m v i nghien c u u cua p h u o n g an phat t r i i n R Hinh Ban vi tri cdc Khu vuc Phat triin theo phuong dn phat trien TKV va ARP di xudt d u an t i n g t h i P h i n d i e n , k m c o n l a i t a i k h u v u c d u p e chia d u p e c h i a khu v u c phat t r i i n , g l m cac k h u tir D A - t o i D A - 772 Hdi Cdng nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thuat tien md qudc vi su phat te - trien 2010 ben vung Khu vyc Du an 8/Giai doan - Khu Dong Bac, voi dien tich 42,27km Khu vuc (con g o i l a K h u v u c Phat t r i i n 8) can d u o c t i e n hanh danh g i a v a t h a m k h o a n g san T K V v a C o n g t y A R P h i e n dang n g h i e n c u u cac c o h o i h o p tac d l t r i i n k h a i hoat d o n g t h a m v a phat t r i i n c i n thiet co the g i u p tang dang k e c h u k y d u an, qua se keo theo nhieu l o i i c h v a tao d i l u k i e n phat t r i e n h o n nira K h a i t h a c v a che b i e n Q u a n l y t o t viec k h a i thac, che b i e n v a che b i e n sau k h o a n g san se tao c o h o i t h u h o i bon san p h a m : t i n h quang c r o m i t , N i k e n , coban v a set bentonit Se sir d u n g c o n g nghe k h a i thac ket h o p k h a i thac k h o v a u o t p h u thuoc vao chieu sau than quang, t r o n g k h a i thac k h o ap d u n g cho phan than quang n a m n o n g v i nhirng noi than quang n a m n o n g l a i qua n o n g de co the sir dung tau cuoc Phan I o n t r u l u o n g khoang san ciia k h u v u c n a m d u o i be m a t ciia m o t l o p p h u k h a day (20 den > m ) v a se doi h o i phai ap d u n g k h a i thac quy m o I o n de d a m bao viec k h a i thac h i e u qua v a tan t h u duoc khoang san theo ke hoach ciia C h i n h p h i i V i e c k h a i thac sir d u n g t a u cuoc da d u o c xac d i n h la p h u h o p nhat cho phan I o n than quang t r o n g k h u v u c Cromit San l u o n g san xuat t i n h quang c r o m i t d u k i e n se d u o c c u n g cap n h a m dap u n g n h u cau ciia cac nha m a y che b i e n F e r o c r o m t r o n g n u o c h i e n dang d u o c x a y d u n g v a m o t so nha m a y khac da d u o c U y ban N h a n dan t i n h T h a n h H o a cap g i a y phep T K V v a A R P ciing dang t r o n g qua t r i n h chuan b i de t i e n hanh m o t n g h i e n c u u k h a t h i x a y d u n g m o t nha may F e r o c r o m c o n g suat tir 150.000 den 200.000 tan f e r o c r o m / n a m t i r t i n h quang k h a i thac va che bien t i r m o r r r r Theo g h i nhan, m o t k h i a canh k h o k h a n nhat d o i v o i viec k h a i thac v a che b i e n quang t r r t tai Co D i n h l a h a m l u o n g set t r o n g quang rat cao, co n o i c h i e m t o i % the t i c h quang Ban chat ket d i n h cua set a day d o i h o i p h a i n g h i e n c u u k y l u o n g ve p h u o n g phap danh t o i set va tach d u o c t i n h quang c r o m i t hat m i n Cac n g h i e n ciru c h i tiet c h i rang c h i tach duoc cac hat c r o m i t n a m t r o n g dai hat d u o i 300 m i c r o m e t T y le t h u h o i se tang t o i da neu quang tho d u o c p h a n tach n h i e u cap hat khac n h u d o i v o i cap hat co the tach ciia C r o m i t Cac n g h i e n c u u ve c o n g nghe t u y e n k h o a n g ap d u n g t r u o c day, t h a m c h i v a n dang duoc u n g dung den nay, da c h i rang m i i c thuc t h u c r o m n g u y e n to c h i dat khoang 30 ~ % v a h a m l u o n g t i n h quang k h o a n g % C ^ O Y T i n h quang c r o m i t t h u h o i duoc bang cong nghe c u c h i la phan c r o m i t hat tho nhat Phan I o n l u o n g t i n h quang that thoat nam o cap hat m i n h o n T h i n g h i e m cong nghe t u y e n k h o a n g gan day (2009 - ) da c h i m o t tap h o p cap hat, neu sir d u n g c o n g nghe t u y e n tir v a t u y e n t r o n g l u c se dat m o t m i i c thuc t h u t o n g tren % C r c h i i a t r o n g quang, tuc c h i e m k h o a n g 70%) l u o n g t i n h quang c r o m i t co t r o n g quang thuc te co the t h u h o i (dai cap hat t i r < 0 m i c r o m e t ~ > m i c r o m e t ) M o t l u o n g k i m loai c r o m ( l e n t o i 12%) n a m t r o n g cac dai hat k h o n g t h i t h u h l i d u o c n h u cac m a n h v u n da v a phan set hat r i t m i n (bang 1) Cac t h i n g h i e m cho t h i y co t h i dat h a m l u o n g t i n h quang la % Cr2C»3 hoac cao h o n H i e n cac t h i n g h i e m t h u h l i c r o m i t n i m t r o n g dai hat tir - m i c r o m e t dang d u o c tien hanh 773 Hdi Cdng nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thuat tiin md qudc vi su phat te - triin 2010 bin viing Sir d u n g k i t h o p c o n g nghe t u y l n t r o n g l u c v a t u y l n t i r da dat d u p e t y le t h u h l i theo cac cap hat n h u sau: Bang Thuc thu tren cdc cap hat dua theo cdc thi nghiem Ham luong Cr % cua TKV-ARP Luong Cr chua Uong cap dai hat co t h i thu hoi Thuc thu theo PP tuyen tir % Thuc thu theo PP tuyln Uong lire ' % ' e f g Thuc thu tong Uen toan bp dai cap hat co the thu hoi % Dai cap hat mm Thu hoach % a >10 10-8 8-5 5-2 20.5 0.5-0.3 0.30.075 0.075 0.02 0.020.0 b 3,00 0,64 3,34 6,60 c 0,47 0,56 0,72 0,99 d=b*c/100 0,01 0,00 0,02 0,07 21,76 6,04 1,49 7,02 0,32 0,42 12,66 23,24 2,94 2,94 99,5 86 85,57 39,12 14,76 5,77 5,77 98,6 63 62,118 6,84 4,62 0,32 100,00 Niken vd Kh.lugng Cr chua Uong cac cap hat 9,89 3 h=e*m00*g/100 Khong the thu hoi Khong the thu h6i Khong thS thu h6i Khong the thu h6i Khong the thu h6i Khong thg thu hoi 8,72 70,03 Coban V i e c n g h i e n c u u xac d i n h dupe cong nghe t h u h o i n i k e n v a coban m a n g t i n h chat r r r quyet d i n h den h i e u qua k i n h te - k y thuat cua D u an ( d o a n h t h u v a l p i nhuan tang m o t each dang k e ) Quang n i k e n v a coban se dupe tao n h u m o t san p h a m p h u theo m o t each co he t h i n g v a dupe quan l y chat che t r o n g qua t r i n h k h a i thac c r o m i t Cap l i e u cho viec t h u h l i n i k e n v a coban se dupe tach t i r phan v a t l i e u t h o ( t r e n 300 m i c r o m e t v a d u o i m m ) dupe thai tir qua t r i n h c h i b i l n t i n h quang c r o m i t v a k h o n g p h i i h o p d l t h u h l i t i n h quang c r o m i t n h u n g co chua n i k e n v a coban co t h i t h u h l i d u p e k h i s u d u n g cong nghe tach c h i i t P h u o n g phap d i e n phan t i n h quang n i k e n v a c o b a n d u p e d u k i l n s u d u n g d l tao cac k i m l o a i phuc v u t h i t r u o n g t r o n g n u o c v a q u l c te V d i san l u p n g 200.000 tan ferocrom/nam se t h u h l i dupe khoang 9.500 tan n i k e n k i m l o a i v a 1.400 tan coban k i m loai t u o n g u n g M o t v a n de quan h o n g l i e n quan den viec t h u h d i n i k e n v a coban t r o n g t u o n g l a i tai Cd D i n h l i e n quan d i n viec c h i b i l n v a p h a n l o a i m o t s i c i p hat t r o n g t r i m t i c h chua cromit ban d i u N i u n h u cac c i p hat t h i c h h o p n h i t k h o n g t h i d u p e t h u h l i v a p h a n loai phuc v u cho viec c h i b i l n t a i cung t h a i d i i m c h i b i l n t i n h quang c r o m i t t h i viec t h u h d i niken v a coban se k h o n g k h a t h i ve mat k i n h t l V a n h u v a y p h i n c i p hat se b i d u a vao bai chua quang d u d i 774 Hoi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thuat tiin mo quoc vi su phat ti - trien ben 2010 viing Bentonit Set B e n t o n i t se d u g c tao t r o n g qua t r i n h che b i e n t i n h quang, k h i quang d u g c k h i r b i i n t r u o c k h i t i l n hanh q u y t r i n h t u y e n t i r v a t u y e n t r o n g lire N h u v a y , set bentonit d u g c san x u i t n h u l a m o t san p h i m p h u ciia qua h i n h k h a i thac c r o m i t se co c h i t l u g n g t6t h o n han so v o i chat l u g n g set h i e n dang d u g c san xuat t a i C o D i n h p h a n hat tho h e n 20 m i c r o m e t da b i l o a i bo K e t qua l a tang d i e n t i c h be m a t v a tang k h a nang l u u g i u n u o c ciia set V i e c tao san p h a m se gop p h a n phat t r i e n cho nganh n o n g nghiep d i a p h u o n g C a c tac d o n g x a h o i : V a n de d i d a n T r u o c k h i t i e n h a n h k h a i thac h e n m o i K h u v u c Phat t r i e n ( D A ) , se t i e n hanh t u v a n cong d o n g v a viec d i d d i se d a m bao d u y t r i cuoc song cong d o n g o n d i n h T r o n g giai doan v d i dien t i c h , k m , k h o a n g 150 ho g i a d i n h b i anh h u d n g n h u n g k h o n g p h a i d i d o i , chi anh h u d n g den dat canh tac v a se d u g c hoan phuc sau - n a m Qua G i a i doan v a v a c i i n g v d i viec k h a i thac h e n cac k h u v u c phat t r i e n , d i e n t i c h dat n o n g nghiep ciia m o i h o g i a d i n h se d u g c thay the v d i m o t d i e n t i c h dat m d i dugc cai tao t r o n g qua t r i n h h o a n n g u y e n phuc h o i m o i t r u d n g l i e n tuc, v a cac c h u o n g t r i n h nang cao nang suat g i o n g vat n u o i v a cay t r o n g se d u g c k h d i x u d n g v a t h u c h i e n V i e c k h a i thac, t h u h o i k h o a n g san v a h o a n phuc dat dai t r o n g G i a i doan den se m a t k h o a n g 40 n a m v a se tao cac l g i i c h k i n h te v a x a h o i dai han cho c h i n h q u y e n t i n h v a nhan dan dia p h u o n g T a m k h u v u c phat t r i e n se d u g c k h a i thac, h o a n phuc m o i t r u d n g , t a i d i n h c u v a tra l a i dat cho T i n h l i e n tuc theo h i n h t h i i c c u o n chieu N h u n g d i e n t i c h dat se t h i c h h o p cho viec canh tac n o n g nghiep, t a i d i n h c u hoac phuc v u m u c d i c h c o n g n g h i e p sau k h i k h a i thac tir - nam r r i r x So ho g i a d i n h song t r o n g p h a m v i d i e n t i c h cac K h u v u c Phat t r i e n tir den se can phai d i d d i 5.144 n g u d i v a d i e n t i c h dat n o n g nghiep co k h a n a n g b i anh h u d n g la 1.991 hec-ta, t r o n g k h o a n g t h d i g i a n t i r n a m 2011 den 2044 Cac so l i e u cho K h u v u c Phat t r i e n D A - hien v a n chua d u g c xac d i n h V i e c d i e u p h o i v a quan l y c h u o n g t r i n h t a i d i n h c u t o t se tao t i e m nang tao cac l o i ich cho cong d o n g , bao g o m viec nang cap c o sd tang ( v i d u : nha cira, he t h o n g dien, v a nude sach) cung n h u cac c o h o i viec l a m h o n g qua t r i n h x a y d u n g m o Quan ly m o i t r u d n g M o t k h i a canh c h u chot h o n g ke hoach quan l y m o i t r u d n g se l a d a m bao rang c h i n h quyen d i a p h u o n g h i e u d u g c d i l u k i e n m o i t r u d n g t r u d c k h i k h a i thac D i e u c h i i y e u l i e n quan den n h i e m m o i t r u d n g da d u g c nhan b i l t qua t r i n h san xuat b i c r o m a t t r u d c day h e n k h u v u c T a i t h d i d i e m h i e n t a i , t r a m quan trac m o i t r u d n g ciia T i n h phuc v u cho k h u v u c Co D i n h k h o n g co d u k h a nang de thuc h i e n m o t c h u o n g t r i n h quan trac chat che v a n h i e u bo nganh cua C h i n h p h i i h i e n co nang lire han che t r o n g viec quan trac m o i t r u d n g v a quan l y m o i t r u d n g T u y n h i e n , h a n h lang phap l y da d u g c d u a d l d a m bao viec t u a n t h i i cac q u y 775 Hdi Cdng nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thuat tiin md qudc vi su phat triin ti bin 2010 viing dinh nghiem ngat ve moi truong TKV va ARP se hop tac voi cac co quan dl nang cao nang luc cua ho v a n h u v a y se phat t r i i n cac k h a nang cua ho d l co t h i quan t r i e d u an khai khoang Co D i n h v a cac d u an cong nghiep khac t r o n g t i n h t i t h o n Dong cua mo r r r > V i e c lap ke hoach d o n g cua m o , cai tao dat v a sau k h i d o n g cira m o l a n h u n g v a n de quan t r o n g de phat t r i e n m o t r e n the g i o i K e hoach d o n g cua m o h i e u qua nhat la k h i no duoc dua vao t r o n g qua t r i n h lap ke hoach phat t r i e n m o ; k e hoach d o n g cira can p h a i quan tam den tat ca cac c o s d v a thiet b i ciia m o , bao g o m m o o n g k h a i thac 16 t h i e n , cac dien t i c h chua da t h a i , d u o i quang Cac b i e n phap ngan ngira v a g i a m t h i e u tac d o n g m o i t r u o n g •> i f f co the dupe thuc h i e n l i e n tuc (chang han l a m x o n g den dau sach den d o ) thay v i d p i cho den k h i het t u o i tho ciia m o , k h i m a c h i i m o k h o n g the c h i u t r a c h n h i e m phap l y X a c d i n h muc d i c h sir dung cua dat sau cai tao sau k h i d o n g cira m o v a cac b i e n p h a p g i a m t h i e u cac r \ r tac dong viec d o n g cira m o d o i v d i nen k i n h te d i a p h u o n g se d u p e d u a vao t r o n g cac giai doan dau lap ke hoach k h a i thac Cdc lai ich ve viec lam va tai chinh K h u v u c x u n g quanh k h u m o Co D i n h l a m o t t r o n g so n h i r n g k h u v u c co t y le that nghiep t u o n g d o i cao T i r t r u d c t d i nay, t h u nhap ciia n g u d i dan n o i day l a tir n o n g nghiep, chan n u o i gia sue v a co k h a n h i e u n g u d i s i n g p h u thuoc vao t h u nhap co d u p e tir viec k h a i thac quang c r o m i t t r a i phep V i e c n g u d i dan k h o n g d u p e giao due d i y d u v a t h i l u h i l u b i l t v l t i m quan t r o n g cua cac van de phat t r i e n ben v u n g ciing la m o t t r d ngai d o i v d i v i e c t h u c h i e n T i n h h a n g k h a i thac trai phep t h i i cong da l a m m o i t r u d n g t u n h i e n b i x u l n g c i p n g h i e m t r o n g h e n dien rong Theo d u k i l n , d u an C l D i n h se g i u p thay d l i hoan t o a n t i n h trang h e n t h o n g qua viec ap dung n h i l u c o n g nghe h i e n dai v a tao n h i l u viec l a m v a dao tao tay n g h i cho n g u d i dan dia p h u o n g t h o n g qua viec sir dung cac k y thuat k h a i thac p h u h o p Theo n o i d u n g t r o n g p h u o n g an T K V v a A R P d l x u i t , d u k i l n t r o n g g i a i doan k h d i dong, m o C l D i n h se tao viec l a m cho h o n 400 lao d o n g ; c o n s i se tang l e n 650 lao dong vao t h d i d i i m k h a i thac h i t c o n g s u i t T r o n g g i a i doan d i u , hoat d o n g c h i bien sau phuc v u viec san x u i t Ferocrom, t h u h l i n i k e n - coban v a san x u i t B e n t o n i t d u k i e n se tao viec l a m cho 385 lao dong, sau c o n s i d u k i l n se tang l e n 615 lao dong t r o n g giai doan hoat dong h i t cong s u i t Se u u t i e n dao tao tay n g h i v a t u y l n dung lao dong dia p h u o n g t r o n g p h a m v i k h u v u c d u an D i n g t h d i , T K V - A R P se h o p tac v d i cac co quan dia p h u o n g d l xac d i n h n p i d u n g dao tao cho n h i r n g d l i t u p n g d u k i l n se tuyen d u n g sau v a se xac d i n h n p i d u n g d i u t u giao due c i n t h i l t n h a m dap u n g cac c o h o i viec l a m t r o n g g i a i doan t r u d c m a t v a t r o n g g i a i doan sau 776 Hdi Cdng nghi khoa nghiep hoc md tien kT thuat tien md qudc vi su phat ti - trien 2010 ben viing Du kien viec phat trien md co kha nang se tao hon 8.000 viec lam, dich vu, nganh k i n h doanh g i a n tiep, d i k e m , g o m : cac doanh n g h i e p hoat d o n g ve l i n h v u c m a y mac, han, ne, t h u c p h a m , cong nghe t h o n g t i n ; cung cap d i c h v u v e s i n h v a n o i dia cho d u an; cac d i c h v u n o n g nghiep p h y c v u c o n g tac hoan phuc m o i t r u o n g c u n g n h i e u p h u o n g an nang c i p he t h d n g giao t h d n g T a i t h d i d i i m hoat d d n g het cdng s u i t , cac l o i i c h m a C h i n h p h u dupe h u d n g hang n a m d u k i l n k h o a n g 51,5 t r i e u U S D , t r o n g d d : t r i e u U S D t h u l t a i n g u y e n , 29 t r i e u U S D t h u l t h u nhap doanh n g h i e p , v a 1,5 t r i e u U S D p h i m d i t r u o n g Tiip tuc xem xet chi tiet vi phat trien vd phat trien bin vitng C h i n h q u y l n cac cap g i u v a i h d then c h i t h o n g viec h u d n g dan v a tao d i l u k i e n cho qua t r i n h phat t r i i n v a d a m bao t i n h b i n v u n g L a m o t n d i d u n g t r o n g k h u o n k h i nhirng ddng gdp cua C h i n h p h u vao qua t r i n h phat t r i i n b i n v u n g , d u k i l n m o t p h a n dang k l cd dupe tir t i e n cac l o a i t h u l v a t h u l tai nguyen se dupe t a i d i u t u vao cac k h u v u c cdng d i n g b i tac d d n g b d i d u an d l t h a n h toan c h i p h i cho cac d u an tang, cac c d n g t r i n h cdng cdng n h u t r u d n g hoc, benh v i e n v a d u o n g xa D a y c h i n h l a n l n tang cua m o i c h u o n g t r i n h phat trien dai han ( b i n v u n g ) B e n canh viec phat t r i i n hoat d d n g k h a i thac v a cac n g a n h c h i b i l n sau, se can phai t i l p tuc phat t r i i n n h i l u nganh khac n h u : nganh cdng nghiep nhe, san x u i t ( m a y mac, giay dep, c o k h i , n o n g l a m n g h i e p ) , nganh t h u cdng v a cac nganh d i c h v u song song v d i t h d i han t u d i tho m d d u k i e n V i e c phat t r i i n m o t m d khoang san l d n c d v o n g d d i cao n h u m d C d D i n h cd t h i tao da tang t r u d n g dai han v a d e m l a i sir t h i n h v u p n g l a u d a i cho k h u v u c ca k h i t u l i t h o m d da k i t thuc T r o n g t h d i g i a n t h u c h i e n p h u o n g an phat t r i i n d u k i l n , T K V v a A R P se d e m l a i nhieu c o h p i k i n h doanh cho cac doanh nghiep t a i dia p h u o n g , bao v e m d i t r u d n g , cac d i i m d i t i c h v a i l hda - l i c h su C h u n g t d i se g i u v a i t r d la d o n v i d d n g gdp, la c h i t xuc tac nang cao hoat d p n g giao due, nang s u i t n o n g nghiep, cai t h i e n cac c o sd y t l v a c o sd tang V i e c se g i u p nang cao chat l u p n g song cho n g u d i dan d i a p h u o n g Kit luan V i e c phat t r i e n D u an C r o m i t C l D i n h se tao c a h p i d l dap u n g d u p e b i n t i e u c h u l n n l i bat cho viec phat t r i i n b i n v u n g : l o i i c h k i n h t l h a i hda cho t i t ca cac ben l i e n quan, bao v? m d i t r u d n g t u n h i e n , m d i t r u a n g v a phat t r i i n x a h p i , t i t ca dupe ho t r p b d i m o t c o c h i quan l y chat che Cac l o i i c h c u t h i khac se dupe xac d i n h tir qua t r i n h phat t r i i n m d C d D j n h bao g d m : anh h u d n g t o i t h i l u t d i m d i t r u d n g , khac phuc cac d i l u k i e n m d i t r u d n g n h i e m n g h i e m t r o n g da t o n t a i tir t r u d c , tra l a i x l p x i k m d i t v l cho q u y d i t cua T i n h h i e n dang k h o n g sir d u n g dupe; tao m o t l u p n g l d n viec l a m v a dao tao n g h i cho n g u d i dan dia p h u o n g ; x a y m d i cac c a sd t i n g phuc v u cho phat t r i i n x a h d i (chang han, t r u a n g hoc, 777 Hoi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kijhuat tiin md qudc vi sir phat triin te ben 2010 viing benh vien, nuac sach, duong xa ), thong qua dau tu true tilp tir mo hoac tir chinh quyln dia p h u o n g sir d u n g cac n g u o n t h u tir t h u l , t h u l t a i nguyen; v a c u n g cap c a sa tang mod tao c o h o i phat t r i e n cho doanh nghiep l a n l n tang tao c a sa cho phat t r i i n c o n g d i n g ben v u n g sau k h i m o d o n g cira./ Tai lieu tham khdo C o n g t y A r c h i p e l a g o Resources Pic, 2007 B a o cao m o h i n h T a i n g u y e n tai Co D i n h - thang n a m 0 B a o cao n o i bo H a T r o n g L a n , 1982 B a o c&o t h a m C r o m i t sa k h o a n g t a i k h u T i n h M e - A n T h u o n g , C D i n h , T h a n h H o a N u a c C o n g hoa D a n c h u V i e t N a m B a o cao Cr.12 t a i Cue L u u t r u D i a c h i t v a K h o a n g san V i e t N a m ; B a o cao n o i b o D i c h tir t i e n g V i e t D i n h C o n g P h u o n g , 2006 P h u o n g an t o n g t h i k h a i thac, che b i e n v a bao ve m o C r o m i t Co D i n h - T h a n h H o a C o n g t y T N H H N h a n u o c M o t t h a n h v i e n K i m loai m a u Thai nguyen T r a n V a n T r i , 1979 D i a c h i t V i e t N a m ( K h u v u c p h i a B a c ) N X B K h o a hoc va C o n g nghe, H a N o i T r a n B i n h v a D o a n t h a m 34, 1963 B a o cao t i n h t r u l u o n g ( l a n ba) t a i k h u M y Cai, H o a Y e n , m o C r o m i t C l D i n h , T h a n h H o a D o a n t h a m 34 thuoc T i n g Cue D i a c h i t , N u a c C o n g hoa D a n c h i i V i e t N a m B a o cao Cr.8 t a i Cue L u u trir D i a c h i t va K h o a n g san V i e t N a m ; B a o cao n o i bp D i c h tir t i l n g V i ? t 778 ... cao khoang m Ddc diem dia chat M d C o D i n h d u p e xep loai la Hinh Ban vi tri khu vuc Du dn Cromit m o sa k h o a n g co b i e n dp d i c h tai Co Dinh chuyen thap d u p e t h a n h tao t... bao cao khac, k l tir n a m 1963, u d c tinh co k h o a n g 500.000-750.000 t i n C r da d u o c khai thac va t i e u t h u D e d a m bao k i t qua tinh t o a n t a i n g u y e n c o n l a i t... o i k h u v u c phat t r i i n ( D A ) M o i k h u v u c d a i d i e n cho m o t g i a i doan khai thac d u k i e n se keo d a i k h o a n g n a m San l u p n g k h a i thac v a san x u i t