Hdi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt mo qudc ti 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien ri sit phdt trien bin rung DINH HlTO»NG PHAT TRHEN BEN VtTNG NGANH '''' C O N G N G H I E P K H A I K H O A N G M E T N A M • » PGS TS[.]
Hdi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thudt tien mo qudc ri sit phdt ti trien - 2010 bin rung DINH HlTO»NG PHAT TRHEN BEN VtTNG NGANH ' C O N G N G H I E P K H A I • K H O A N G M E T » N A M PGS.TS Nguyen Canh Nam T r u a n g Quan t r i K i n h doanh - T K V ThS N g u y e n Q u a n g T u y e n C o n g ty CP K i n h doanh than C a m Pha - T K V Tom tat: Bai bdo de cap dinh hudng phdt trien ben rung nganh cdng nghiep khai khoang Viet Nam rdi quan diem phdt trien ben vimg tren cdc mat: sdn xudt - kinh doanh, kinh te - xd hdi rd mdi mtdng cirng rdi cdc nguyen tdc: Phdt trien theo chieu rdng de dap img kip thai nhu cau tntdc mat; Phdt trien theo chieu sau rd Phdt trien Jan toa tren nen khoang sdn de tao chuoi gid tri gia tdng, tao sdn pham than thien rdi mdi trudng, sdn pham thay the rd nang cao hieu qud^ kinh ti - xd hoi Muc tieu Id phdt trien nganh cdng nghiep khai khoang trd mot nganh kinh te - ky thudt hien dai, cd hieu qua cao, hdi hod rdi su phdt trien kinh te - xd hpi rd than thien rdi nidi trudng dap img d mice cao nhat nhu cau nguyen, nhien lieu khoang cua nen kinh te rd thuc day phdt trien kinh ti - xd hdi ciia ddt nude Tren ca sd dd de dinh hudng phdt trien den nam 2025 ciing cdc gidi phap thuc hien cho than, bauxit rd cdc loai khoang sdn khdc tren cdc lmh rue tun kiem, tham dd; khai thdc che bien rd sic dung Quan diem, nguyen tdc, phuang cham phdt trien Phat trien ben v t m g nganh cong nghiep k h a i khoang tren ca p h u a n g dien: ben v u n g ve san xuat k i n h doanh, ben v u n g ve xa h o i va ben v u n g ve m o i t r u a n g v a i muc tieu khai thac sir dung hap l y , tiet k i e m va co hieu qua nhat cac n g u o n t a i n g u y e n khoang san phuc v u phat trien k i n h te - xa h o i ciia Dat nuac theo cac n g u y e n tac sau: • Phdt trien theo chieu rong: K h o n g ngirng gia tang san l u g n g de dap irng n h u cau ciia nen k i n h te tren ca sa tang c u o n g t i m k i e m , t h a m cac n g u o n tai nguyen trir l u g n g mai • Phdt trien theo chieu sau: Tang c u o n g che bien sau tao c h u o i san p h a m tren nen san pham khoang n h a m tao chuoi gia t r i gia tang va nang cao h i e u qua k i n h te - xa h o i • Phdt trien lan toa: N g a n h cong nghiep k h a i k h o a n g l a m dau tau v a tao dong luc phat trien cac nganh k i n h doanh khac, san p h a m khac tren nen k h o a n g san, bao g o m ca san pham thay the n g u y e n l i e u khoang tren ca sa: + Sir dung h g p l y cac n g u o n luc san co ciia nganh cong nghiep k h a i khoang + K h a i thac t i e m nang, the m a n h va cac nang luc san co tren dia ban + T h u hut cac n g u o n luc va ngoai nuac Phuang cham phat t r i e n nganh khoang san la: T i c h cue t i m k i e m , t h a m do, k h a i thac che bien va su dung h g p l y , tiet k i e m , co hieu qua n g u l n tai nguyen khoang san theo cac dinh huang: a) Tang c u o n g d d i m a i , hien dai hoa cong nghe, t h i l t b i u o n g tat ca cac k h a u cua qua trinh san x u i t c h i b i l n k h o a n g san theo h u o n g san x u i t sach h o n nang cao h i e u qua, than thien v a i m o i t r u a n g v a d a m bao an toan lao dong 42 Hoi Cdng nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thudt tiin md qudc vi sit phdt te - trien bin 2010 vung b) V i e c gia tang san l u g n g khoang san phai d i d o i vdi nang cao t o i da he so t h u h o i tai nguyen v a bao ve m o i t r u a n g qua t r i n h san xuat, che b i e n k h o a n g san c) Sir d u n g k h o a n g san h o p l y , t i l t k i e m va h i e u qua gan l i e n v a i tang c u o n g che bien sau khoang san d l da dang hoa san pham, tao san p h a m sach than t h i e n v o i m o i t r u o n g , nang cao gia t r i sir d u n g va gia t r i gia tang ciia khoang san d) D i d o i v a i t i c h cue dau t u t i m k i e m , t h a m khoang san t r o n g n u a c day m a n h dau t u nuoc ngoai t i m k i e m , t h a m do, k h a i thac, che bien khoang san phuc v u n h u cau cua nen k i n h te, gop phan d a m bao an n i n h nang l u g n g quoc gia d) Phat trien nganh cong nghiep k h a i khoang tren c o so phat h u y t o i da cac n g u o n luc nuoc ket h g p v o i tang c u d n g hgp tac, k e u g g i dau t u va cac n g u d n v d n nude ngoai e) T h u c hien m d h i n h k i n h doanh da nganh tren nen cdng nghiep khoang san va cac san pham thay the khoang san t r o n g t u o n g l a i M u c t i e u p h a t t r i e n Phat t h e n nganh cdng nghiep k h a i khoang t r d m o t nganh k i n h te - k y thuat hien dai, cd hieu qua cao, hai hoa v d i su phat trien k i n h te - xa h d i v a than t h i e n v d i m d i trudng dap u n g d mire cao nhat n h u cau nguyen, n h i e n lieu khoang cua nen k i n h te va thuc day phat trien k i n h te - xa h d i ciia dat nude > r - Ve phdt trien sdn xudt kinh doanh: a) D a y m a n h cdng tac t i m k i e m , t h a m dd nang cap va gia tang tai nguyen, t r u l u g n g khoang san dugc xac m i n h dat mire k h o n g n h u n g b i i dap dugc phan trir l u g n g k h a i thac giai doan den n a m 2025 m a bd sung de t r i v a nang cao m u c san l u g n g khoang san giai doan sau n a m 2025 b) G i a m dang ke c h i t i e u t o n that tai nguyen t r o n g k h a i thac, che bien so v d i mire hien D a y la muc t i e u lau dai n h a m nang cao t u o n g d d i tai nguyen, t r u l u g n g cung n h u san l u g n g khoang san c) D i d d i v d i viec sir d u n g khoang san h g p l y , tiet k i e m v a h i e u qua can tang c u d n g nghien c u u t h u h d i , tai che m o t sd chat thai va san p h a m khoang san da qua sir dung d) C i i n g v d i qua t r i n h phat t h e n khoang san khan t r u o n g day m a n h n g h i e n ciru phat trien cac loai vat lieu, nguyen l i e u va cac san p h a m thay the k h o a n g san n h a m dap i m g n h u cau cang gia tang ciia nen k i n h te ca t r o n g va sau k h i n g u d n tai nguyen khoang san can kiet Phan dau sau n a m 2015 nghien ciru va thir n g h i e m cdng m o t sd d u an; sau nam 2020 phat trien quy m d cdng nghiep va sau 2025 - phat trien r d n g rai cac loai vat l i e u m d i , nguyen l i e u m d i , dang nang l u g n g m d i va san m d i thay the k h o a n g san d) G i a tang san l u g n g p h i i hgp v d i n h u cau ciia nen k i n h te, su phat trien ben v i r n g ciia tirng doanh nghiep khoang san tren c a sd d a m bao h i e u qua k i n h te - x a h d i va can d d i tai c h i n h ciia nganh 43 Hpi Cong nghi nghiep Muc tieu sdn lupng khoa hoc md tien mot so khoang L o a i khoang san ki thudt tien md qudc vi su phdt sdn chinh din ti triin -2010 bin vung 2025: D V tinh 2015 2020 2025 Than Alumin Chi, kem a QuSng chi, kem b Chi thoi c Kem thoi QuSng sSt Tinh quang titan Tinh quang Cr 10^ a 55-60 6,0-8,5 65-70 9-10 > 100 13-18 10 T a a lO^F 10 T a 20 25 14-15 350 231 485 25 30 15-16 400 450 485 25 30 16-17 600 718 Tinh quang Mn a 180 230 296 >3 >3 4,9-5,0 4,9-5,0 4,9-5,0 3 Thiec thoi Tinh quang W 10 Sb thoi It >1,6 >1,6 >1,6 11 Au kim loai T 8-10 8-10 12 Cu kim loai 10 T 20 30-40 30-40 7-10 7-10 7-10 20-40 40-80 40-80 120-300 120-300 120-300 13 Ni kim loai T 14 Ferro Molipcten 15 Quang da quy 10 m 16 xyt dat hiem 10 T 13-15 13-15 13-15 it 50-100 50-100 50-100 - Secpentin a 500 600 600 - Barit 204 duyet Hpi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc mo tien ki thudt tiin md quoc vi su phdt te - trien 2010 ben vung e) D a y nhanh viec n g h i e n c u u cong nghe, trien k h a i cac d u an che b i e n khoang san theo h u o n g da dang hoa san pham, tao cac san p h a m sach, than t h i e n v o i m o i t r u o n g , dac biet la k h i hoa va hoa long than nham nang cao gia t r i va g i a t r i sir d u n g ciia than Phan ddu sau n a m 2020 nganh chd bien than phat trien r o n g r a i , thay the m o t phan xang dau v a chiem t i le dang k l t r o n g gia t r i tang ciia nganh than f ) K h o n g n g i r n g nang cao h i e u qua k i n h doanh tren c o so quan t r i chat che c h i p h i , sir dung tiet k i e m vat t u , nang l u o n g va nang cao nang suat lao d o n g t h o n g qua d o i m o i , hien dai hoa cong nghe va u n g dung r o n g rai cac tien bo k y thuat - Ve phdt trien hdi hod vdi cdng ddng: a) Gop phan phat trien k i n h te, tang t h u ngan sach, x o a d o i g i a m ngheo, cai t h i e n ket cau tang, chuyen d i c h c o cau k i n h te theo h u o n g khai thac cac t i e m nang, the m a n h tren dia ban b) Gop phan phat trien van hoa - xa h o i , nang cao t r i n h dan t r i , phat trien nguon nhan luc, g i u v u n g quoc p h o n g , an n i n h , trat t u , an toan xa h o i tren d i a ban c) K h o n g n g i r n g nang cao t r i n h nghe nghiep ciia can bo cong nhan dap u n g yeu cau day manh d o i m o i , hien dai hoa nganh cong nghiep k h a i khoang, cai t h i e n ro ret d o i song vat chat, van hoa v a t i n h than ciia n g u o i lao dong - Ve an toan lao ddng va bao ve mdi trudng: a) V e an toan lao d o n g k i e n t r i phan dau dat muc t i e u " T a i nan bang k h o n g " b) V e m o i t r u o n g : T h u c hien chien l u o c bao ve m o i t r u o n g v o i m u c tieu: - D e n 2015 cai t h i e n c o ban cac c h i tieu c h i n h ve m o i t r u o n g tai cac k h u v u c nhay cam; - Den 2025 dap u n g day d i i cac tieu chuan m o i t r u o n g tai cac m o va v u n g mo D j n h h i r d n g p h a t t r i e n n g a n h c o n g n g h i e p k h a i k h o a n g d e n 2025 D i n h h u o n g chung phat trien nganh cong nghiep k h a i k h o a n g V i e t N a m la phat trien ben v u n g theo cac m u c tieu: gia tang t r u l u o n g v a san l u o n g , da dang hoa san pham dap ung m i i c cao nhat n h u cau n g u y e n n h i e n l i e u k h o a n g cua nen k i n h te quoc dan, tang cuong che bien sau de tao cac san pham sach, than t h i e n v o i m o i t r u o n g , nang cao gia t r i tang va h i e u qua k i n h te - x a h o i , g i a m t o n that tai n g u y e n , d a m bao an toan lao dong va bao ve m o i t r u o n g 3.1 Dinh hudng phdt trien tim kiem, tham tdi nguyen khoang sdn a Tai nguyen than: - D e n nam 2012 t h a m xac d i n h x o n g phan tai n g u y e n , t r u l u o n g than n a m tren va d u o i mire - 0 m b l than Quang N i n h ; d i n g t h d i t i l n hanh t h a m dd ty m y m o t phdn b l than D d n g bang Song H d n g - Den nam 2015-2020 tham xac dinh xong tai nguyen, tru luong bl than Ddng bang Song H d n g , cac m d than b u n d D d n g bang N a m B d v a cac m d than khac v i i n g n d i dia 45 Hdi Cong nghi khoa nghiep hoc mo tien ki thudt tien mo qudc vi su phdt ti triin - 2010 bin vung - Sau nam 2020 t r i e n k h a i t i m k i e m , t h a m be than t h e m luc dia - Tang c u o n g cac b i e n phap quan t r i chat che tai nguyen, t r u l u o n g than t r o n g qua t r i n h khai thac, sang t u y e n , che b i e n n h a m g i a m t o n that tai nguyen, k h a i thac t o i da cac k h o a n g san d i kem b Tai nguyen bauxit: - D a y m a n h cong tac t h a m tai cac v i i n g T a y Bac, D o n g Bac, V e n b i e n m i e n T r u n g va Tay N g u y e n , dam bao t r u l u o n g t i n cay cho viec phat t r i e n ben v i r n g cong nghiep khai thac, che bien bauxit va l u y e n n h o m , dac biet la d v i i n g T a y N g u y e n c Cdc loai tdi nguyen khoang sdn khdc: - G i a i doan den n a m 2015: • Tap t r u n g t h a m xac d i n h x o n g trir l u o n g , d a m bao t i n cay cao cac m o da dua vao quy hoach k h a i thac • K h a n t r u o n g t r i i n k h a i nghien c u u x a y d u n g v a to chirc thuc h i e n chien l u g e hgp tac ddu t u t h a m do, k h a i thac, c h i b i e n tai n g u y e n k h o a n g san tai cac n u a c m a V i e t nam co quan he - G i a i doan sau n a m 2015: • T i l n hanh t h a m xac m i n h t r u l u g n g cac m o da phat h i e n v a t i m k i e m cac mo m a i tren p h a m v i ca nuac • Tiep tuc trien k h a i chien luge h g p tac dau t u t h a m do, k h a i thac, che bien tai nguyen k h o a n g san a nuac ngoai da de a giai doan t r u a c 3.2 Dinh hudng a Tdi nguyen - Ddi vdi viing phdt trien khai thdc vd che bien khoang sdn than: than Quang Ninh Can tap trung dau t u cai tao, m d rong cac m d h i e n cd v a dau t u cac m d m d i theo hudng hien dai de tang san l u g n g than nguyen k h a i tir 40 t r i e u tan h i e n l e n 48-52 t r i e u tan vao nam 2010, khoang 65-70 t r i e u tan vao n a m 2020 v a tren 80 t r i e u t a n vao n a m 2025; day manh qua t r i n h hien dai hoa cdng nghe k h a i thac h a m 16 v a h i e n dai hoa thiet b i k h a i thac 16 thien D a u t u phat t h e n cac ca sd sang t u y e n , che b i e n than, he t h d n g k y thuat tang, tham tai nguyen - Ddi vdi vung than ndi dia: Do cac m o deu co t r u l u g n g vira va nho nen c h i nang cdng suat k h a i thac h g p l y de dap ting nhu cau tai cho v a t r o n g v i m g ; muc t i e u san l u g n g than n g u y e n k h a i den n a m 2010 dat 2,0 va tir nam 2015 dat v a t r i d m i i c 2,5 t r i e u t i n / n a m - Ddi vdi viing than Dong bang Song Hdng: G i a i doan tir d i n 2015, t i c h cue h o p tac v d i nude ngoai n g h i e n c i i u cdng nghe va kha nang k h a i thac (cong nghe k h a i thac h i m 16 hoac cdng nghe k h i hoa than ) de cd t h i 46 Hpi Cong nghi khoa nghiep hoc mo tien ki thudt tiin mo qudc vi su phdt ti trien - 2010 ben vttng dua khoang sang B i n h M i n h - K h o a i Chau ( H u n g Y e n ) vao k h a i thac v a i san l u o n g than nguyen k h a i khoang t r i e u tan /nam truoc nam 2020 G i a i doan sau n a m 2020, hoan thien cong nghe k h a i thac va c h i b i l n d l co the nang san l u o n g len m o t each nhanh chong - Ddi vdi than bun: K h a i thac v o i q u y rao vira v a nho v o i muc t i e u san l u o n g den n a m 2010 dat 1,0; nam 2015 dat 1,5; n a m 2020 dat 2,5 v a nam 2025 dat 3,5 t r i e u tan; c h u y e u phuc v u n h u cau tai dia p h u o n g v a cac v u n g p h u can C h i i t r o n g cong tac an toan v a bao ve m o i t r u o n g - Doi vdi che bien than: N g h i e n c i i u va dau t u t r i e n k h a i cac d u an che bien than theo cong nghe tien t i e n de tao cac san p h a m chat l u o n g cao v a sach, dac biet la che bien antraxit diing cho l u y e n k i m , k h i hoa than, hoa long than, v v phuc v u cho cac muc d i c h dan dung va cong nghiep dam bao g i a m t h i e u n h i e m m o i t r u o n g v a tang cao gia t r i ciia than b Tdi nguyen bauxit: • Giai doan den 2015: - Tap t r u n g dau t u ket cau tang giao thong tir v i i n g m o Dac N o n g , v i i n g rao L a m D o n g den cang bien B i n h Thuan - D a u t u k h a i thac bauxit va san xuat a l u m i n v o i m i i c san l u o n g dat 6-8,5 trieu tan, chii yeu phuc v u xuat khau - San xuat h y d r o x y t n h o m v o i mire san l u o n g 0,65 t r i e u tan - D a u t u nha may dien phan n h o m , phan dau dat san l u o n g 0,2-0,4 t r i e u tan/nam • Giai doan 2016-2025: - D a u t u gia tang cong suat khai thac bauxit va san xuat a l u m i n v o i san l u o n g den 2025 dat 13-18 t r i e u tan, phuc dien phan n h o m t r o n g nuoc v a xuat khau - D a u t u nang cong suat hoac xay d u n g m o i nha may d i e n phan n h o m tiiy theo n h u cau t h i t r u o n g (ca t r u o n g nuoc va xuat khau) c Cdc loai tai nguyen khoang sdn khdc: Phuong cham chung la u u tien tap trung dau t u khai thac, che bien theo trinh tir n h u sau: - Cac loai khoang san m a t r o n g nuoc co n h u cau cao, gia t r i k i n h te I o n , nhat la cac loai khoang san hien dang phai nhap khau - Cac loai khoang san co t i e m nang t r u l u o n g I o n phuc v u n h u cau t r o n g nuoc va xuat khau - Cac loai khoang san khac Theo tinh than do, dinh huong khai thac, che bien cac loai tai nguyen khoang san khac n h u sau ( v o i muc tieu san l u o n g n h u da neu tren): • Ve quang sat: Xay dung va phat trien cong nghiep khai thac, chi biln quang sat voi cong nghe hien dai, p h i i h o p v o i d i l u k i e n V i e t N a m , nang cao he s i t h u h l i khoang san 47 Hdi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thudt tiin md qudc vi su phdt triin ti - 2010 bin vung U u tien cac dir an k h a i thac m o phuc v u n h u cau nguyen l i e u quang sat cho cac c o so l u y e n k i m nuoc, danh m o t phan xuat k h a u de d o i lay than c l c , than m o cho n h u cau l u y e n kim • Vi quang cromit, mangan: K h a i thac, che b i e n sau quang c r o m i t , mangan dua vao noi luc la c h i n h , d o n g t h o i tranh t h i i su h o p tac quoc t l ca v l v i n , k y thuat va c o n g nghe D a m bao cung cap d u n h u cau ve f e r o c r o m , bicromat, f e r o m a n g a n , d i o x i t E M D cho nhu cau nuoc, co m o t phan xuat khau h o p l y san p h a m che b i e n sau v a t i n h quang • Vi quang titan: Khai thac va che bien quang titan mot each dong bo voi cong nghe hien dai cac san p h a m co gia t r i k i n h te cao, dap i m g n h u cau t r o n g n u o c , thay the nhap khau; g i a m dan v a dirng xuat k h a u quang t i n h K e t h o p n o i l u c v a h o p tac dau t u viec dao tao, chuyen giao cong nghe san xuat p i g m e n t , r u t i l nhan tao v a x i titan • Ve quang thiec, vonfram vd antimon: Phat trien ben vimg, bao dam an toan, tan thu toi da tai nguyen va co hieu qua k i n h te cong nghiep khai thac, che bien quang thiec, v o n f r a m va antimon tren co so ket h o p n o i luc va dau t u nuoc ngoai dap u n g t o i da n h u cau nguyen lieu ciia nganh l u y e n k i m v a cac nganh cong nghiep khac, co m o t phan xuat khau hop l y tinh quang, cac che p h a m t r u n g gian va k i m loai • Ve nhom khoang chat cdng nghiep (serpentin, barit, graftt, fluorit, bentonit, diatomit va talc): Phat trien khai thac va che bien k h o a n g san n h o m k h o a n g chat c o n g nghiep bang cong nghe tien tien tren co so l o i the ve tai nguyen, phat h u y n o i lire la c h i n h , n h a m phuc v u truoc het n h u cau ciia nen k i n h te, chi xuat khau nhirng san p h a m da qua che b i e n va nuoc k h o n g sir dung het • Ve quang vang, ddng, niken, molipden: Phat trien nganh cong nghiep khai thac, che bien quang vang, dong, niken va molipden on d i n h va ben v u n g v o i cong nghe tien tien, bao dam an toan, co hieu qua k i n h te tren co so khai thac hop l y , tiet k i e m nguon tai nguyen va phat huy noi luc la chinh, nham phuc v u truoc het n h u cau ciia nen k i n h te, chi xuat khau nhung san pham da qua che bien va nuoc k h o n g sir dung het • Ve quang apatit: Phat trien khai thac, che bien quang apatit voi cong nghe hien dai, khai thac triet de v a tiet k i e m tai nguyen, d a m bao h i e u qua k i n h te, thoa m a n n h u cau ve nguyen lieu cho san xuat phan b o n chiia lan phuc v u nganh n o n g nghiep v a phan bon cho xuat khau, dap u n g c o ban n h u cau nguyen l i e u chiia o x i t p h l t p h o cho nganh hoa c h i t co ban va cac nganh cong nghiep khac • Ve nhom khoang chat nguyen lieu dd vdi trdng (dd hoa), felspat, cao lanh va magnezit: Phat trien k h a i thac, che bien n h o m khoang c h i t nguyen l i e u da v o i trang, felspat, cao lanh va magnezit voi^ quy m o va c h i i n g loai san p h i m p h i i h o p tren c o so u n g d u n g c o n g nghe che bien tien tien, p h i i h o p dieu k i e n V i e t N a m va than t h i e n v o i m o i t r u o n g , dap l i n g d i i nhu cau sir dung t r o n g nuoc va co m o t p h i n cho x u i t k h i u • Ve khoang sdn lam nguyen lieu sdn xudt xi mang (dd vdi, ddt set, phu gia xi mang): Phat trien khai thac, che b i l n khoang san l a m nguyen l i e u san xuat x i m a n g p h i i h o p v o i quy hoach phat trien nganh cong nghiep x i mang; u u tien t h a m do, k h a i thac cac m o , nhirng dien t i c h phan b l khoang san t r o n g v i m g phat trien x i mang hoac v i i n g lan can cac 48 Hpi Cdng nghi khoa nghiep hoc mo tien kT thudt tiin md qudc vi su phdt ti trien - 2010 ben vung nha may x i m a n g , n h u n g v u n g nguyen l i e u san xuat x i m a n g co d i e u k i e n k h a i thac thuan l o i va it gay tac d o n g x a u t o i m o i t r u a n g va canh quan • Ve dd quy, ddt hiim va quang urani: K h a i thac triet de v a tiet k i e m tai nguyen ket hop c h i b i l n sau v o i cong nghe tien tien, d a m bao an toan, bao ve m o i t r u o n g va co hieu qua cac loai khoang san da quy, dat h i e m v a urani tren c o so phat h u y n o i luc nuoc la chinh g i n l i i n v o i h o p tac, l i e n ket v o i cac tap doan, cong t y n u o c ngoai de tranh t h u cong nghe va dac biet la t h i t r u o n g tieu t h u san pham • Vi cdc loai khoang sdn khdc: D a y manh t i m k i e m , t h a m do, k h a i thac, che bien sau cac khoang san khac n h u cat t h u y t i n h , cat xay d u n g , nuoc k h o a n g , v v v o i cong nghe p h i i hop, dam bao an toan, bao ve m o i t r u o n g , tan t h u tai nguyen tren c o so k h u y e n k h i c h su tham gia ciia cac phan k i n h te nham phuc v u n h u cau t r o n g n u o c v a xuat khau 3.3 Dinh hudng ve sir dung khoang san - U u tien cung cap cac san p h a m khoang san cho cac n h u cau t r o n g n u o c ket hop v o i xuat - nhap khau m o t each h o p l y tren co so dam bao an n i n h nang l u o n g quoc gia, cac can doi I o n ciia nen k i n h te v a hieu qua k i n h te - xa h o i - K h u y e n k h i c h dau t u nghien c u u va hop tac quoc te ve u n g d u n g cong nghe che bien va sir dung khoang san tiet k i e m , hieu qua, i t gay n h i e m ; dac biet sir d u n g than nhiet luong thap (nhiet l u o n g den 3.500kcal7kg), cong nghe hoa l o n g than, k h i hoa than, v v de thay the m o t phan xang dau, k h i dot hoac than coc nhap khau - D o i v o i cac ho sir d u n g nguyen n h i e n l i e u khoang san: > D o i m o i cong nghe va thiet b i de g i a m tieu hao nguyen n h i e n l i e u tir khoang san ca ve chat va l u o n g (tuc la co the sir dung cac san p h a m khoang san co chat l u o n g thap h o n v o i so l u o n g it h o n ) ; > A p dung cac giai phap cong nghe, k y thuat ke ca cong nghe sach de g i a m thieu nhiem m o i t r u o n g t r o n g qua t r i n h sir dung nguyen nhien l i e u khoang san; > Lap kho d u t r u than v o i k h o i l u o n g can thiet t r o n g t r u o n g h o p phai sir dung than nhap khau; > Thanh lap h o i n g u d i tieu diing than, nguyen l i e u khoang san t r o n g hiep h d i n g u d i tieu diing de bao ve q u y e n l o i ciia n g u d i tieu diing than, khoang san 3.4 Phdt trien kinh doanh da nganh tren nen cdng nghiep khai khoang - Phat trien cac nganh san xuat k i n h doanh cd lien quan den dau vao va dau ciia nganh cdng nghiep k h a i khoang - Phat trien cac nganh k i n h doanh tren co sd tan dung cac n g u d n luc ciia nganh cdng nghiep khai khoang va k h a i thac cac tai nguyen, t i e m nang, the m a n h san cd tren dia ban - Phat trien cac loai nang l u o n g tai tao, nang l u o n g m d i , nang l u o n g sach, vat lieu m d i , nguyen l i e u m d i va cac san p h i m thay t h i khoang san 49 Hdi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thudt tien md qudc vi su phdt ti - triin 2010 bin vung 3.5 Cdc gidi phap thuc hien phdt triin bin vung nganh cdng nghiep khai khoang Viet Nam Tang cuong ddu tu ddi mdi va hien dqi hda cdng nghe: • Day manh cac hoat dong nghien cuu khoa hoc va ung dung cong nghe mai, nhat la t r o n g l i n h v u c t i m k i e m , t h a m do, khai thac, che b i e n k h o a n g san v a bao ve moi truong • Sap xep lai cac ca sa nghien cuu khoa hoc - cong nghe, dao tao theo huang vira tap t r u n g , vira chuyen sau; phat trien dong bo t i e m l u c k h o a hoc - cong nghe, ung d u n g v a cai tien cong nghe n u a c n g o a i , t i e n t o i sang tao cong nghe m a i nganh cong nghiep khai khoang V i e t N a m - Phdt trien nguon nhan luc chat luong cao: • Tap trung dao tao, nang cao trinh chuyen mon ciia doi ngu can bo quan ly, ky thuat v a cong nhan lanh nghe nganh cong nghiep k h a i k h o a n g • Dao tao bo sung, don dau cho nhirng nganh thieu, yeu, nhat la cac nganh nang l u o n g m a i va tai tao, nang l u o n g sinh hoc, che b i e n khoang san, vat l i e u m o i v a san p h a m thay the khoang san, v v - Hoan thien td chuc vd quan ly nganh cong nghiep khai khoang p h i i h o p v o i ca che t h i t r u a n g co su quan l y ciia N h a n u a c t r o n g t h a i k y h o i nhap v a toan cau hoa - Huy dong vdn: • Co cac giai phap thich hop huy dong von va ngoai nuac • Kien nghi Nha nuac co chinh sach ho trg thich dang phat trien ben vung nganh cong nghiep khai khoang va phat trien cac loai nang l u g n g m o i , vat l i e u m o i va san p h a m m a i thay the khoang san - Lien ket, lien doanh vdi cdc ddi tdc - Hop tdc vdi cdc ddi tdc nude ngoai nude bang cdc phuong thuc thich hop: • Hgp tac phat trien nguon nhan luc, khoa hgc cong nghe • Hgp tac phat trien tham do, khai thac va che bien khoang san • Hgp tac phat trien cac loai nang lugng tai tao, nang lugng moi, nang lugng sach, vat l i e u m a i va cac san p h a m thay the khoang san • Hop tac phat trien cac cong trinh ket cau tang tai cac vung mo, nhat la he thong giao t h o n g v a n tai quan t r g n g co y e u cau cao ve cong nghe k y thuat va nhu cau v o n dau t u I o n 50 ... Sau nam 2020 t r i e n k h a i t i m k i e m , t h a m be than t h e m luc dia - Tang c u o n g cac b i e n phap quan t r i chat che tai nguyen, t r u l u o n g than t r o n g qua t r i n h khai. .. n g Y e n ) vao k h a i thac v a i san l u o n g than nguyen k h a i khoang t r i e u tan /nam truoc nam 2020 G i a i doan sau n a m 2020, hoan thien cong nghe k h a i thac va c h i b i l n d... y rao vira v a nho v o i muc t i e u san l u o n g den n a m 2010 dat 1,0; nam 2015 dat 1,5; n a m 2020 dat 2,5 v a nam 2025 dat 3,5 t r i e u tan; c h u y e u phuc v u n h u cau tai dia p h