KHOA HOC KINH TE VA QUAN LY NGANH MO HIEN TRANG KHAI THAC CAT TRANG VUNG QUANG NAM THOfA THIEN HUE VA DINH HlfOTNG PHAT TRIEN BEN V O N G ThS HOANG CAO PHl/ONG, ThS NGUYEN XUAN QUANG Cue Dja chat va K[.]
KHOA HOC KINH TE VA QUAN LY NGANH MO HIEN TRANG KHAI THAC CAT TRANG VUNG QUANG NAMTHOfA THIEN-HUE VA DINH HlfOTNG PHAT TRIEN BEN V O N G ThS HOANG CAO PHl/ONG, ThS NGUYEN XUAN QUANG Cue Dja chat va Khoang san Viet Nam r at tring (cat thach anh) la nguyen lieu cua nhieu nganh cdng nghiep, nhlt Id san xult ^ ' ^ thuy tinh, kinh xay dyng, khudn due Tai Viet Nam, nhifng nam gan day nganh cdng nghiep xay dyng phat triin manh me, nhu c l u sii dung cae san pham kinh gia tang da thue d l y hoat ddng tham dd, khai thac eat nguyen lieu tai nhiiu dja phuong ed nhieu ddng gdp eho phat triin kinh t i xa hpi Xdt tren khia canh d i u ty, hoat ddng khai thac, quy trinh tuyin nia cat tu'ong ddi dgn gian, yeu eau trinh dp cua lyc lygng lao ddng khdng cao nhy khai thac cac khoang san khae Tuy nhien, d i nang eao hon nu'a hieu qua kinh t i g i n vdi cdng tae bao vd mdi trudng nhim phat tridn ben viVng eae vijng md thi ein cd nhCrng djnh hudng hgp ly cdng tac quan ly, khai thac va sy dung nguon tai nguyen cat Khu vyc Quang Nam-Thiia Thien-Hui la noi cd tiim nang cat tring tuong ddi idn cua Viet Nam; thdi gian qua, vide khai thac cat tring da gdp phin dang k i vao sy phat tridn kinh te cua khu vyc Tuy nhien, ben canh dd v i n d i bao vp mdi tru'dng, tan thu toi da tai nguyen khoang san khu vyc dang la nhu'ng v i n dd biic xuc, can phai ed bien phap giai quyit Hien trang khai thac cat t r i n g khu viPC Quang Nam-ThCpa Thien-Hud Khu vyc Quang Nam-Thua Thien-Hue thudc vung Trung Bd, Viet Nam, gdm tinh Thya ThienHui, phd Da Nang va tinh Quang Nam Day la khu vyc tygng ddi phong phu v i khoang san nhu vang, titan, thiic, urani, kaolin, da vdi xi mang, eat thuy tinh, kaolin, felspat, da set, nydc khoang Theo cae tai lieu hidn ed, tinh Thiia Thien-Hui ed tai nguyen dy bao khoang 55 trieu t i n cat, tgp trung nhieu d huydn Phong Diin, phan bo cae doi, bai cat, hoac dai eat ed ehidu dai tu 1-5 km (ea bidt tdi 10 km nhy dai eat d xa Dien Hoa, huydn Phong Diin), rdng 400-850 m, chiiu day 36m Tai tinh Quang Nam, tai nguyen cat dy bao khoang trieu t i n , quy md cac md tuong ddi nhd; CONG NGHIEP MO SO - 1 rieng phd Da Nang trii lygng cat khdng nhiiu va quy md cac md cung khdng ldn Cat khu vyc Quang Nam-Thiia Thien-Hui cd dp hat chu y i u ty 0,25 mm d i n 0,5 mm chiim 41,53 %; niu tinh tii 0,1 mm d i n 1,0mm chiim toi 81,43 % Ham lygng % trung binh cua cac hgp phin Si02 la 99,18, TiOz la 0,041, AI2O3 la 0,043; Fe203 tli 0,028 d i n 0,042 trung binh 0,035 Sau tuyin, nia va khii tii, ham lu'gng cac phin cd hai giam, loai bd dygc cac tap chat bam quanh, cu the la: eat hat mjn (0,5 mm) ham luong % trung binh SiQ2 la 99,78, Ti02 la 0,038, Fe203 la 0,028, AI2O3 la 0,036, CaO la 0,013, Na20 la 0,018 Vd kha nang chju nhipt, cat khu vyc cd t h i ehju dugc nhipt dp tdi 1500°C Vdi cac thdng sd nhu' trdn, cd the khing djnh, cat tring khu vyc hoan toan dap ling dygc cac ydu c l u cua nhieu ITnh vyc san xult nhu: thuy tinh, edng nghidp due, thuy tinh pha Id, gygng, bdng den; ngoai cd the san xuat dinat cho luyen kim, san xult dd gdm mdng Hien nay, eae don vj dygc Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trydng c l p gily phdp khai thae dang triin khai khai thac theo phyong phap thu cdng k i t hgp ban CO gidi tat ca cac khau nhy xuc bing may, chuyin cat nguyen khai bing dtd d i n khu vyc tuyin, tli dd cat dygc may gat vao mang elp lieu hoae xuc thu cdng vao he thing vit xoln Moi don vj Sli dung tii 1-2 may xuc, 3-5 dtd tai hang trung, 3-5 may bom nydc, 2-3 cum vit xoln; lyc lygng lao ddng khoang 50-70 ngydi Hlu hit, cac don vj diu mdi tham gia vao hoat dpng khai tiiac eat, quy md diu ty viia va nhd, miic dp ehuyen mdn hoa chya cao, sy dung cdng nghe, may mde don gian San lygng khai thac chT khoang 400.000 tin eat nguydn khai/nam Da sd cae don vj diu chua ed chiin luge lau dai d i md rdng san xuat, chua quan tam din vide diu \u san xult cac san phim tii nguyen lieu cat, dd gia til tai nguyen chya dygc gia tang nhiiu Dac biet, vdi tiiye ti^ang vd nhu d u san xult, tieu tiiu eat ti^Ing KHOA HOC KINH TE VA QUAN LY NGANH MO hien chua eao, ti-ong tiii lygng md dygc d p gily phep tijong ddi Idn va diiu kien khai thae tyong ddi don gian da dan din tinh ti^ang doanh nghiep khdng quan tam diu tij" thiit bj hien dai d i khai thac tiiet d i tai nguyen; khoang san dugc khai tiiac tiieo hinh tiiiic "cudn chiiu" tiieo tiing khoanh khai tiiac Ben eanh dd, hlu hit khoang san khdng dygc khai tiiac cho din hit chiiu sau phan bd ma chi khai tiiac mdt Idp mdng d phia ti'en (khoang tii 1-2m) sau dd chuydn sang khoanh khae d i khai tiiac khdng mudn diu tiJ" tiidm tiiilt bj d i dao sau day md hay phai diu tu tiiem tiiidt bj tiioat nude day md Day la mptti-ongnhiing hoat ddng tivc tiip gay tdn tiilt, lang phi tai nguyen d i quan trpng td chiie hoat ddng khai thac v i tan thu tai nguyen, theo tai lieu diiu ti-a, eat khu vyc Quang Nam ehiia mdt lugng nhd quang titan sa khoang (1-2 kg/m^) VI vay, d n tham dd, phat hidn cac khoang san di kem, khoanh didn tich chiia quang titan d i ap dung cdng nghd phu hgp nhim tan thu loai chung, ddng thdi loai bd phin ed hai cho san phim cat Djnh hu^ng phat triin cua hoat ddng khai thac cat tring tai vung Quang Nam-ThCpa Thien-Hui Vdi ngudn tai nguyen khoang san uu dai, ngudn lao dpng dja phuong ddi dao la mdt Igi thi cho phat triin bin viing vdi muc tidu eo ban la: • Tang \Tudr\g kinh k i ; • Sli dung hgp ly, tiit kiem tai nguyen; • Bao vd mdi trydng; bao dam quyin Igi ngydi danti"ongkhu vyc khai thae md Hoat ddng khai tiiac eat didn ti'en mat dja hinh d khu vyc dan ey ven biin hang nam tiiudng cd bao, lu, nen vide hai hoa eae muc tieu la rit d n tiiilt va phai dygc didu chlnh tiieo thdi gian va tiing vjti-ikhai tiiac eu till Kd hoach phue hdi mdi tiirdng, nhlt lati-dnglai eae dien tieh ning, bao ve khu dan cu phai ddng bp vdi k i H.1 Md cat tiing huyen Thang Binh, tinh Quang Nam hoach khai tiiac tiing nam, tiing giai doan Vide khai tiiac cat tuong ddi don gian, lyc lygng lao ddng khdng ydu d u cao v i ti"inh dp, kinh nghiem; ed tiii sii dung lye lugng lao ddng dja phuong, tai chd nen rit tiiuan Igi md rdng san xult cd tiij tiiydng dn djnh Tren co sd cae tieu chi phat biin bin vt^ng va dac tiiu khoang san cat ti'en, ehijng tdi d i xult mdt s i djnh hudng ehu yiu sau Hien tai, da ed khu vyc tiin hanh tiiam dd eat ti-lng, ti-ong dd ed khu vyc tiiupc dja banti'nhQuang NamThiia Thidn-Hue San lu'gng khai thae neu ti'en eo ban dap ling du cho nhu d u hidn tai ti-ong nude va mdt phin xult khiu Tuy nhien, san phim mdi chl diing d H.2 Day chuyen tuyin cat bang cac cum vit xoan vide tuyin nia ndn gia tang gia til la ehua nhiiu Cae v i cdng nghe c h i biin, hidn cac don vj mdi don vj tiiam dd, khai tiiac eat hien diu diu tu d quy chl diing d miic phan loai eat theo eae kich cd md viia va nhd, iye lugng khai tiiac chu yiu la ngudi khae theo yeu elu cua hd tieu thu san dan dja phuong nen cdng tac quan ly, diiu hanh cd pham Mdt sd don vj ed d i u tu day chuydn nghiin nhiiu tiiuan Igi, giai quyit dugc lao dpng dia phuong bot mjn tli eat tring, nhidn nhu elu tieu thu Qua khao sat thiy ring hidn tai tiij tiudng ehua ed nhu thip, gia khai thac, van ehuyin eao d i n d i n d u tang nguyen lieu eat, vl vay d i xult tiu'de mit gitJ' viee doanh nghiep chua manh dan d i u tu ehi biin eung d td ehiic, diu ty cua eae doanh nghiep da ed sau hon nii'a Nhu da ndi d tren, vide khai thae eat hoat dpng vol quy md vua va nhd, ddng tiidi quan tam kha don gian vi vay cac tae ddng x l u den mdi diu tu dd chi bien cat tiianh cae san phim gia til cao trudng ehu y i u la tiing dn, bui hoat ddng eua nhu pha Id, kinh quang hpc la phu hgp dtd, may bom; phat thai nude sau tuyin la chit Hipn trang cdng nghe, thiit bj khai thae tai cac md mun hiiu eo, cat hat mjn Tuy nhien, cat nim eat tring cdp don gian: xue, ehuyin bing xe may va tren mat dja hinh noi cd tham thyc vat, ning cay tuyin nia bing he thdng cum vit xoln nen nang suit chin sdng, tham thyc vat, mdt sd noi la vung eanh ehua cao vanhit la chua cd ehu ti'inh khep kin tii khai tac hoa mau cua ngudi dan dja phuong nen tae thac din tuyin nia phan loai nen chua bao dam chic ddng din mdi sinh la dang k i Dd khlc phue c i n chin dygc chit lygng cae Id san phim cat cung d p , cd k i hoach khai thac va hoan thd, trdng rung va ddng nghTa vdi vide san phim eat chit lygng khdng dn cay xanh, bao dam dp che phu eho khu vyc la v i n djnh, chya cd tiiyong hieu Do dd, yeu d u v i eai tiin, GONG NGHIEP MO SO - 1 KHOA HOC KINH TE VA QUAN LY NGANH MO ddi mdi cdng nghe, may mdc thiit bj la rit d p tiiiit ti-ong giai doan tdi Cae nha quan ly, ehu diu tu d n phai quan tam iing dung nhO'ng tyu khoa hpc mditi-ongkhai thae md dd diu ty ddi mdi, ddng tiidi cd chinh sach dao tao lyc lygng lao ddng cd tay nghi, trinh dp eao; md rdng cae khu vyc chi biin Do vide khai tiiac cat diin rati'dnbd mat dja hinh va d khu vyc dan cu ven biin nen vide bao vd mdi tu'dng d n dac biet quan tam Han chi tdi da vide chat pha cay chin sdng dan tdi hien tijgng cat bay; ddng tiidi bao ve khdng pha vd can bing eae ddng nude ngpt phuc vu san xult, dan sinhti-ongkhu vyc; vide khai tiiac sii dung bai thaiti-ongdd han chi anh hudng din mat dia hinh; tiiudng xuyenti"dngva eham sdc vanh dai cay xanh cho khu vyc Quan tam edng tae phdng, chdng tiiien tai V i tan tiiu tdi da tai nguyen, quang titan cd ham lugng mpt vai kg/m^ la khdng Idn, ed tiii tuyin bing nude ti'dn eung mdt he tiidng vit xoln la mdt lgi tiii d n dugc quan tam tiiu hdi Khu vyc khai tiiac lien quan din eae khu dan eu, tiiupc quan ly cua cae xa, huyen vl vay ydu d u cac chu diu tij' phai cd traeh nhidm vdi dja phuong; tiiam gia ddng gdp xay dyng co sd ting va cae nghTa vu tai chinh lien quan v i chinh sach, d n xem xdt tiieo hudng tao thuan Igi cho eae don vj khai thac ed hieu qua, tuan thu nghiem tue cae quy djnh eCia phap luat, bao dam cae djnh hudng cua quy hoach khoang san; khuyin khich lap cac hiep hpi khai thac, chi biin cat d i ho trg v i ky tiiuat, diu tu, tiidng tin tiij tiifdng, dinh hudng quy hoach eung nhu tuan tiiu cac quy dinh cda phap luatD TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Tai nguyen khoang santi'nhQuang Nam-Cue Dja chit va Khoang san Viet Nam (Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng) nam 2005 Tai nguyen khoang san tfnh Thiia Thien-HuiCue Dja chit va Khoang san Viet Nam (Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi tnjdng) nam 2005 Quy hoach tiiam dd, khai thae, ehi biin va su dung khoang san lam vat lieu xay dyng g Viet Nam din nam 2020 da duge Thu tudng Chinh phu phd duyet tai Quyit djnh sd 152/2008/QD-TTg 28 thang i nam 2008 Rff LE BAO VE TONG HOrP (Jleptheotrar)g32) tiidi gian mach phdng la C1R5, dien ap ti-en tij se giam din tiieo qui luat ham mu Do hing sd tiidi gian mach nap nhd hon tiidi gian mach phdng ndn didn apti-entij Cl se tang din tiieo tiidi gian Sau vai chu ky dien ap ti-entiJCi dat bing didn ap ngu'dng lam IC2 latti-angtiiai sang bao hoa duong Phin mach phia sau IC2 se lam vide nhu da tiiuyit minhti-ongphin bao vd qua tai Khi bj ngin mach, ddng ddng co tang Idn hon ddng md may Imm cua ddng co, dien tiii tai diim A dat miie cao khiin eho didt dn ap DZ2 bj danhtiiung.Dien tiii cao duge dua tdi diim F lam khuich dai tiiuat toan ICS lat ti-angtiiaisang bao hoa du-ong lam BJT2 dan khiin role K tae ddng Vay bj sy cd ngin mach, role se tae dpng d t dien ddng eo tiic tiidi khdng ed tiidi gian trd Kit luan Role dygc tiiiit k i ti'dn day ed tiii bao vd dpng eo khdng ddng bd ba pha khdi eae sy d ngin mach, qua tai va mit mdt pha So dd cd kit d u don gian, cd tiii lip rap tli cac linh kidn tiidng dung ti'dn tiij tiirdng ti-ong nude Chung ed tiii iing dung ti-ong cac khdi ddng tii md ttiay tiii cho cac mach bao vd hien ed Ngoai ra, role vdi nguyen ly tyong tij' cd tiii dugc su dung d i bao ve cac tiiiit bj dien khae nhu may biin ap, tu phan phdi.d TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Cae catalog mdt sd khdi ddng tCf phdng nd mdi cua Trung Qud'c sCr dung cae md ham Id vung Quang Ninh Ngw&i bien tap: D o Dae Tao I SUMMARY i ^ he article presents some research Tesults on designing of integrated relay for asynchronous motor at the iinderground mines These relays can b^ used for protecting the motor from the short circuit, overload and phase single losseis Ngudi bien tap: Ho SJ Giao SUMMARY The paper introduces some problems of the sand resources and the state of management, exploitation and processing for sand in Quang Nam-ThCra Thien-Hue area The authors also suggest some directions for suitable development In sand mineral activities in this zone CONG NGHIEP MO SO - 1 Ai bie't tai minh yeu thi chCrng to ngydi dd khdng yeu T Asenski Thien tai chdng qua la sir kien nhan lau dai A De Vigny Khdng bie't ma ndi la ngu, biet ma khdng ndi la hiem Chien Qud'c sach \^ VTH suu tam ... santi''nhQuang Nam- Cue Dja chit va Khoang san Viet Nam (Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng) nam 2005 Tai nguyen khoang san tfnh Thiia Thien-HuiCue Dja chit va Khoang san Viet Nam (Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi tnjdng) nam. .. tiiam dd, khai thae, ehi biin va su dung khoang san lam vat lieu xay dyng g Viet Nam din nam 2020 da duge Thu tudng Chinh phu phd duyet tai Quyit djnh sd 152/2008/QD-TTg 28 thang i nam 2008 Rff... trydng; bao dam quyin Igi ngydi danti"ongkhu vyc khai thae md Hoat ddng khai tiiac eat didn ti''en mat dja hinh d khu vyc dan ey ven biin hang nam tiiudng cd bao, lu, nen vide hai hoa eae muc