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Vu Thj Thuy H5ng Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 103(03) 79 84 MOT SO NOI DUNG GIAO DUC HANH VI VAN HOA HOC TAP CHO SINH VIEN TRUCJNG DAI HOC SU PHAM DAI HOC THAI N(;UYEN Vu Thi Thiiy ll;lri[; Trudng Dai[.]
Vu Thj Thuy H5ng Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 103(03) 79-84 MOT SO NOI DUNG GIAO DUC HANH VI VAN HOA HOC TAP CHO SINH VIEN TRUCJNG DAI HOC SU PHAM - DAI H O C THAI N(;UYEN Vu Thi Thiiy ll;lri[; Trudng Dai hoc Su pham - DH Thai Nguyen TOM TAT Giao due hanh vi van hoa hpc tap cho sinh vien Su pham c6 y nghTa quan La mpi ihanh to cau triic ciia qua trinh giao due npi dung gi^o due hanh vi vSn h6a hpc tap cho sinh vien su pham la yeu to gop phan dam bao chat lugng giao due va la mpt nh&ng ca sd de nha giao due x^c dinh phuong phap va hinh thiic to chiic giao due hanh vi van hoa hpc tap cho sinh vien Su pham Npi dung giao due chinh la ngi dung cac hoat dpng nia nha giao due to chirc cho sinh vien tham gia Dudi gdc tiep can hoat dpng, chiing toi xay dung mot so noi dung giao due hanh vi van hoa hpc tap cho sinh vien trudng dai hoc Su pham - Dai hoc Thai Nguyen dua tren nhOng ca sd tam ly - giao due hpc nhu muc tieu dao tao ciia trudng Dai hpc Su pham, dSe diem Iam sinh ly cua sinh vien, thyc trang hanh vi van hda hpc tap cua smh vien Cac noi dung giao due dupe chung toi dac biet quan tam la: Giao due hanh vi van hoa cho sinh vien thuc hien nhiem vu nhan ihirc noi dung hpc van; hanh vi vSn hda giao tiep vdi giang vien va ban hpc; hanh vi van hoa Irong xay dung moi trudng hoe tap hanh vi van hoa ne nep hoc tap Tir khoa: gido due hoc tap, hdnh vi, hdnh vi vdn hda, vdn hda hoc lap VAI NET VE HANH VI VAN HOA HOC TAP Hanh vi van hoa (HVVH) la nhirng phan li'ng, each ling xii' ciia ngudi (bieu hien qua Idi ndi, cii' chi, thao tac, hanh dgng, boat dpng, ) nhung hoan canh cu the, bi chi phdi bdi hg thdng gia tri van hda cua dan tdc; dugc dieu chinh bdi tam ly, y thiic ciia chu the khien cho each img xir ay mang tinh dac thii cua hoan canh xa hgi, lich sir [3, tr24] Hanh x i van hda hgc tap (HVVHHT) la hanh vi van hda cita ngudi hoat ddng hoc lap Day la bieu hien cu the ciia y thirc van hda thai dp, tinh cam, each irng xir ciia ngudi nhirng tinh hudng cy the ciia qua trinh tigp thu, ITnh hdi tri thuc Dua tren each tiep can hoat ddng, chiing tdi xac djnh HVVHHT la each irng xu cd y thirc, dugc thiic day bdi ddng ca diing dan, the hien nhung gia trj tdt dep cua nhan each ngudi hgc qua trinh ITnh hdi tri thirc; vii'a phii hgp vdi chuSn muc chi phdi ca nhan hgc tap, vii'a la mlu muc cd tac dung giao due, thuygt phuc ngudi khac thuc hien theo, Cau triic HVVHHT bao gdm nhung phan ca ban nhu sau: Thanh phin nhan thiic; Tel ( 939063 Emad- minhhang_vnSl@yahoc Thanh phan thai dp va xiic cam hgc tap; Thanh phan ky nang the hien hanh vi van hoa hpc tap CO SC* TAM LY - GIAO DUC HOC CUA VIEC XAC D!NH N O I DUNG GIAO DUC HANH VI VAN HOA HOC TAP CHO SINH VIEN TRUONG DAI HOC SU PHAM DAI HOC THAI NGUYEN Tilp can hoat dgng vdi viec giao due hanh \i van hda hgc tap cho sinh vien: cdng tac giao dye hanh vi VHHT phai quan tam giao due each ung xu ciia smh \ icii hoal ddng hpc tap Giao dye hanh \ i VHHT khdng phai chi dung Idi dg thu>et phyc, tac dpng vao y thirc ciia sinh vign ma phai td chirc cac hoat ddng hpc lap thyc tien cho sinh vien tham gia- giao due hoat ddng va biing hoat dgng, [2, tr9] Dac di^nt tam sinh ly cua sinh viin Su pham: Smh vign(SV) Su pham mang day dii nhung dac diem tam ly ciia nign sinh vign ndi chung, ngoai d cac em co nhung dac digm tam ly dinh hudng tra nha giao tuo'ng lai Digm ndi bat sir phat, trign lam ly ciia SV la su phal trign \c mat nhSn ihirc, sy trudng vg mat tinh cam lu> thirc va djnh hudng gia tri, 79 103(03): 79- Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE Vu Thi Thiiy Hang Trudng Dai hoc Su pham - Dai hgc Thai Nguyen \i)'i viec giao due HVVH hgc tap cho sinh vicn: Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Dai hgc Thai Nguyen la trung tam Idn dao lao giao vien va can bg khoa hgc cd trinh dp d^i hgc va sau dai hgc la co sd bdi dudng va nghign ciru khoa hgc cd uy lin ve cac ITnh vuc khoa hpc giiio due, phyc vy dac Iuc sy nghigp giao dye cac linh mien niii phia Bac, Giao due hanh vi van hda hgc tap cho sinh vien la ngi dung guio dye quan trgng nham tlnrc bign myc tieu d;io tao ciia nha trudng ddng thdi cung la ndi dung trgng tam dc xay dyng van hda hgc dudng, van hda nha Irudng Dai hgc Su pham Trudng cd nhigu dieu kien thuan Ipi de Ihuc hien cdng lac giao due nhu: truygn thdng day - hgc ciia nha trudng, ndi dung hpc van va he thdng cae loai hinh boat ddng dac trung phong each Su pham, dpi ngii GV cd trinh do, Thuc trang bieu hien hanh vi van hda hoc tap ciia sinh \\en trudng Dai hgc Sir pham - Dai hgc Thai Nguyen Chung tdi nghign ciru viec thuc hien cac hanh vi: hanh vi van hda ng nep, hanh vi van hda nhan thirc ndi dung hgc tap; hanh vi van hoa giao tigp hpc tap ciia 350 sinh vien nam thii (sinh vign k46), Chiing tdi sir dyng cac phuong phap Dieu Ira viet, quan sat nghien cuu san pham hoat ddng hgc tap nham nhii'ng bieu hien cu the ve HVVHHT ciia sinh vien Ket qua nghien ciru nhu sau; Thirc trpng thirc hien ne nep hpc tap cda sinh vien: Chimg tdi tim hieu bigu hi?n cu the cua sinh vien vi^c thyc hign ne ngp hpc tap Cac hieu hien dupe xem xet qua tan sual thuc hien d mirc dg:R§t thudng xuygn (RSt tx); thudng xuyen (TX); doi khi(DK); hiem khi(HK); Chua bao gid (CBG) Kgt qua thu dugc d bang I Ket qua long hgp d bang I cho thay: cac bieu hipn van hda ne ngp chua dugc thuc hien mgt each ddng dgu Tap chung chu yeu vao cac hanh vi nhu di hgc day dii, khdng bd gid, bo tigt(49.4 % SV thue hien rat TX, 39.1% SV thyc hien TX) ; chuan bi bai day dii trudc dgn Idp (54.9% thuc hien TX, 25,1 % thyc hien rat TX) Cac bieu hien chua dugc thuc hien tdt la: di hgc dimg gid, tich cue tham gia cac hoat dgng hoc tap gid hgc Trong do, tdng sd sinh vien TX va rat T.X tich eye iham gia cac hoat ddng hoc tap gid hoc la 44 1%, co 40.8% SV ddi tich eye tham gia cac hoat dgng hgc tap gid len Idp, tham chi co dgn 11.1 % SV chua bao gid tich cue tham gia cac hoat dgng hgc tap gid hgc Dac biet, nhigu SV ehua thuc hien thudng xuyen hanh vi ng ngp hpc tap, cdn tdn tai tinh trang SV di hge nuign; bd gid, bd tiet; chira chuan bj bai day dii trudc dgn Idp; thieu nghiem tiic gid kigm tra, gia thi, Bang 1: Mdt sd bieu hi^n hdnh vi vdn hda ne nep Irong hoc ipp•3csinh vien Irudng Dai hoc Suphgm - Di^i hoc Thdi Nguyen stt BiOu hi^n h^nh vi Tan su at Ihuc hien (%) TX DK HK CBG Lap ke hoach hoc tap cho ban than 6.3 35,4 31,4 19.5 7.4 Di hpc dung %\b 19,4 41,1 28,3 6,3 49 Di hpc day dii iihong bo gio, bo tiet 49,4 39,1 3,4 4,9 3.1 Chuan bj bai day du trui^c d^n lop theo yeu cau cua giao vien Tich circ tham gia cac hoat dpng hpc tap gio hoc Nghiem tuc gio kiem tra, gia thi 25,1 54,9 7,7 9.4 2.9 9,4 34,7 40,8 4.0 11.1 24 55,4 10,8 6.3 3.7 ratTX Vu Thj Thiiy Hang Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE Thuc trang bieu lii^n HWH cua sinh vien thuc hien nhan thuc npi dung hpc tQp Chung tdi nghien ciiu nh&ng bilu hien HVVH sinh vien thyc hien hanh vi tim kigm, khai thac, tich luy thdng tin hpc tap Kgt qua thu dugc nhu sau: - Hanh vi tim kiem thdng tin phuc vy hgc tap: da so SV sir dyng thdng tin hpc tap tir bai giang ciia giang vien (33.4% rSt TX, 57.1%) TX), dpe sach va tai lieu ed lien quan den mdn hoe (21.1% rat TX, 50.8% TX), Hanh VI tich cue tim kigm thdng tin hgc tap tir cac trang Web tren mang Internet, thu thap thdng tin hgc tap tir kinh nghiem ciia ban ciing Idp, ciia cac anh(chi) khoa tren, trao ddi hoac tim kiem su giiip dd ciia giang vien cdn md nhat Cu thg, ty le sinh vign ddi va higm thu thap thdng tin lien quan den bai hgc tren cac trang Web la 52.8%o; ddi va higm thap thdng tin lien quan den hgc tap tir phia ban cimg hpc la 53.7%; ddi va higm thu thap thdng tin lien quan den hgc tap tu sinh vign khda trgn la 51.1%, - Hanh vi khai thac, xir ly thdng tin hpc tap: SV cd thg manh d hanh vi tich eye va cd gang tap trung tri tue dg nam dugc ban chat ngi dung hpc tap(70.9%) SV thudng xuyen va rat thudng xuygn thuc hien) Tuy nhign cac bieu hien khac nhu; phan loai, sap xep, lien ket thdng tin hgc tap bai hoc eho minh; phat trign ndi dung hgc tap chua dugc nhigu SV thudng xuygn thuc hien Ty le SV ddi va higm tign hanh phan loai, sap xgp lai thdng tin hpc lap bai hgc cho minh la 60.6%i, ddi va higm chii dpng ap dung thong tin hgc lap dudi cac hinh thirc khac la 43.4%, Digu do, ehirng to sinh vign thu ddng, chua thuc sy tich cue hgc tap - Hanh vi tich liiy thdng tin hoc tap- Ty le SV thudng xuygn va rat thudng xuyen quan tam luu trir thdng tin hge tap la 91.1%i Cach thirc luu trir chii yeu la; cd gang ghi nhd thdng tin, ghi chep lai, luu IrD nhd cac cdng cu hd trg nhu USB, may tinh, Thuc trgng bleu hien HWH giao tiep - hpc tap cda sinh vien Chiing tdi tim hieu ve bigu hien HVVH ciia sinh vien giao tigp - hpc tap vdi giang vien gid Ign Idp va eac ban ciing nhdm hgc tap Thdng tin thu duoc nhu sau: 103(03): 79-84 - Bieu hign HVVH tuong tac vdi giang vien; CJIC bieu hien van hda giao tiep hgc tap vdi giang vien dugc sinh vign thyc hien nhieu nhat lit: lg phep, tdn trgng GV(91.1 % sinh vign thue hien d miic dg TX va rat TX) Trong Idp, lang nghe GV giang bai (84.6% SV thudng xuyen thyc hien) Tuy nhien, cac bigu hien tuong tac tich cue chua dugc thuc hien thudng xuygn nhu: lich cue phat bigu y kien xay dung bai GV phat van (46% sinh vien ddi va hiem phal bieu xay dyng bai), lich cue tham gia cac hoal dgng hgc tap giang vign khdi xudng (48 9% SV ddi va hiem thyc hien), manh dan trao ddi vdi GV nhirng suy nghT, nguyen vgng ciia ban than viec hoc tap (64.6% SV ddi va higm thyc hien) Da\ la mdt khau yeu viec thuc hien hanh vi van hda hpc tap ciia sinh vign - Ddi vdi ban cimg hpc, chiing tdi nghign ciru bigu hien hanh vi ciia SV nhdm hpc tap vdi lu each la vien cd nhiem vy duac phan cdng rigng Ket qua cho thay cac bigu hien van hda dugc SV thuc hien nhieu la' Nam rd myc tigu boat ddng chung ciia nhdm, xac djnh dimg nhiem vy ciia ban than nhdm, sir dyng Idi ndi, cu chi diing muc, tdn trpng, chu ddng chia se vdi cac ban nhdm Cac bigu hien sinh vien chua thuc hien thudng xuyen hgc tap nhdm la: tu phe binh va phg binh thang than trgn co sd tdn Irong ISn (ty le SV doi va hiem thuc hien hanh vi la 62%i, co 8.6% SV chua bao gid thuc hien hanh vi qua trinh lam viec nhdm vdi cac ban ciing hgc); Lang nghe va kiem chg qua trinh lam viec chung( 56%i SV ddi va higm thuc hien, 8.9%i SV ehua bao gid thuc hien) Tdm lai, thuc trang cac bigu hien hanh vi VHHT CLia sinh vien trudng DHSP- DHTN cho phep chiing ta khang dinh, muc dd phal trien HVVHHT ciia SV chua cao, cdn vkt nhieu han chg ddi hdi nha giao dye phai quan tam dg xay dung noi dung giao due phii hop, gdp phan nang cao chat lupng hoat dpng hgc tap cho SV Vu Thj Thiiy Hang Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ MOT SO N O I DUNG GiAO DljC HANH VI VAN HOA HOC TAP CHO SINH VIEN T R U N G D A I HOC SU' PHAM - DAI HQC THAI NGUYEN; * Ciic gia tri van hda hgc tap trung lam can giao dye cho sinh vien; Dpng co hgc tap dimg dan; Hgc nghigm tiic ed ne nep vii cd ky lufit, Hoc lich eye, chii dgng , Hgc nghien ciru, sang tao: i loc than lliicii hgp lac C^iao due sinh vien tich cue thue hicn nhiem vu nhan thiic not dung hoc tap Giao dye sinh vicn biel chii dgng, lich eye hgc tap: hgc kien tri bgn bi, cd y chi khkc phuc khd khan; hpc nghign ciru, sang lao Trong dd, lap trung vao nhdm hanh vi sau - Hanh vi tich cue tim kiem thdng lin phuc vy hgc tap - Hanh vi khai thac (xir ly td chii'c, danh gia) thdng tin phyc vu hpc tap - Hanh \ i ap dung, bign ddi, phat trien thdng tin hoc tap VD Danh gia su kien khoa hgc va thuc tign hang trgn ca sd ap dyng ket qua nhan time; hanh vi chuan bi kiem tra, thi cir; hanh vi lam bai kigm tra, bai thi; Hanh vi ap dung ket qua nhan thire de lam thi nghiem; thuc hanli; Bign ddi, ap dyng cac kgl qua nhan thirc dg hinh tri thirc va ky nang lien mdn, tich hgp da ITnh vyc - Hanh vi tich luy, luu giu' thdng tin phyc vu cho nhiem vy hgc tap nhat djnh Giao due sinh vien nghiem tuc thyc hien ne nep hoc tap Trong qua trinh hpc tap, sinh vign can chti ddng, nghigm liie va tu giac thyc hien cac hanh vi ng ngp hpc lap nhu: - Thuc hicn tdt ndi quy hgc tap nha trudng dg nhu: Thyc hien tdt ve gid giac hgc tap (di hgc day dii, diing gid; khdng bd gid, bd tigt); Idp chii y nghe giang, hang hai phat bieu xay dyng bai; tdn trpng thay cd, doan kgl vdi ban hgc, thuc hien nghiem lite nhiem vu hgc lap gv dg ra; giif gin ve sinh va bao quan trang thigt bj nha Irudng, nghiem tuc kiem tra, thi cir; - Thuc hien tdt nhung quy djnh ciia hpc chg tin chi nhu' Lap ke hoach hgc tap, lua chpn va dang ky mdn hgc dimg thdi han, phii hgp vdi lye hoc va nhirng dieu kien ca nhan, 82 103(03); 79-84 Giao due sinh vien thyc hien HVVH giao tiep - hgc t^p * Giao due smh vien thuc hien hanh vi van hda tuang tac vdi giang vien: - Chii dgng thigt lap cac mdi tuong tac, lign he vdi giang vien thudng xuyen - Ludn cd thai dg, Idi ndi, cur chi bieu thj sy kinh trgng v^ Ic phep, khiem Ion hpc hdi va cau thj giao tiep ddi vdi giang vien - Trong gid Ign Idp, sinh vign bieu thj thai do, tu the tac phong nghiem tiic, diing muc nhu tu thg ngdi nghigm tiic, lang nghe GV giang bai, tich cue phat bieu y kign xay dung bai, tich cue tham gia cac hoat dgng hgc tap giang vign khdi xudng, hoan cd trach nhiem cac nhi?m vu hpc tap ma giang vien giao cho, - Trong giao tigp, sinh vign cdi md, san sang chia se vdi giang vien nhirng ban khoan, thac mac, suy nghT ciia ban than ve cac van dg hgc tap, Bigt lang nghe va manh dan gdp y mang tinh xay dung de giang vign cd thgm kenh thdng tin hoan thien ban than, * Giao dye sinh vien thuc hien hanh vi van hda tuang tac \ di cac ban cimg hgc Hdnh VI van hoa hoc tap theo hitdng cong dong chia se giup da lan ' Chii ddng va san sang chia se, cdi md vdi ban be \e nhirng \an de lien quan dgn hpc tap (cam xuc suy nghT cac dieu kien hgc tap, ) - Khi b^in be gap khd khan, vudng mac hgc tap sinh \ iC-n can: Chii ddng, ty nguyen guip b^n hoc tap vdi ddng co sang; kien tri, cd gang tim moi phuong ihirc giup ban hgc tap hieu qua nhat: lua chgn phuang thirc chia sc phii hgp vdi ban va tinh hudng hgc tap cy thg; sir dung tir ngii, ctj ehi, thai diing myc than mat khuygn khich, tin tudng sii tien bg cua ban; bieu hien su tdn trgng ngirdi dang dugc giiip dd; Giiip dd cd hieu qua bang each giiip ban minh tao dugc sy cai thien nhat dinh hgc tap - Khi ban than gap nhirng khd khan, vudng mac hgc tap, sinh vign can: Chu dgng tim kiem nhirng ngudi cd the giiip minh virot qua nhirng khd khan, vudng mac hgc tap ma minh dang gap phai; cdi md, noi ro Vu Thj Thiiy Hang T?p chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE nhimg khd khan, nguyen vgng can su giiip do; sir dung Idi ndi, bigu thi thai do, hanh vi dung mue, vira thg hien su tdn trpng ngudi giup minh vii'a the hien nigm cam kich, bigt on ngudi da giiip minh; lang nghe va cSu thj; bigu.hign su tu chu, khdng qua le thugc; ty tin va nd lye ban nu'a dg khdng lam ngu'di giiip minh phai that vpng Hdnh vi vdn hoa hap lac ciing lam vi^c vai cdc bgn khdc nhom hoc tap: SV xae dinh dung dan muc tigu lam vigc eua nhdm; Chit ddng hgp lae vdi cac vign khac nhdm hgc tap; Xac djnh dugc nhiem vy ciia ban than nhdm hpc tap; Hoan tdt nhiem vy cita ban than nhom hge tap; Tdn trgng va coi trgng cdng viec va kgl qua lam viec cua cac ban khac; Xay dyng va tri quan he hgp tac tdt dep vdi cac vien nhdm; Trao ddi, chia se kinh nghiem, cam xiic hpc tap vdi ban be qua trinh hop tac; Tu phg binh va phg binh thang than, khach quan trgn tinh than xay dyng va su tdn trgng lan nhau; Giai quyet hai hoa nhirng bat ddng hay xung dgi nhdm hgc tap trgn tinh than xay dung,; Sii' dyng tir ngii, bieu thi thai do, cii chi dung muc, the hien su nghiem tuc; Chan thanh, an can, than thien qua trinh lam viec chung; hop tac cdng, Giao due SV thuc hien hanh vi van hoa xay dyng moi trirong hoe tap, canh quan su pham Trong hge tap, SV can phai: Sap xep sach vd dd diing hgc tap ca nhan ggn gang, ngan nap; Giir gin, bao ve dimg, phuang tien phyc vu hgc tap ma nha trudng da trang bi cho cac 103(03) 79- phdng hpc, phdng thi nghiem, phdng thuc hanh may tinh, Giir gin ve sinh trudng Idp sach se, viit rac dimg noi quy djnh; Khdng be canh, hai hoa khudn vign ciia nha trudng; Khdng vigt bay ve len tudng, len ban ghe; Dau tdc, trang phyc nghiem tiic, ggn gang; Thuygt phyc cac ban khac ciing tham gia cac hoat dgng xay dyng mdi trudng hgc tap nhu thyc hien nghigm tiic ng ngp hgc tap hgc tap tich cue, thi dua hoc tdt;Thu'c hien cac hoat dpng chung bao ve mdi trudng, canh quan su pham; Nhac nhd, phg binh, ngan chan cac hanh vi thigu van hda, gay anh hudng xau dgn mdi trudng hgc tap va canh quan su pham Tieu ket: Giao due hanh vi van hda hgc tap cho sinh vien cd y nghTa thuc tign xay dung van hda nha trudng va nang cao chat lugng giao due ciia trudng Dai hpc Su pham Dai hpc Thai Nguygn Vige xay dyng noi dung giao dye HVVHHT cho sinh vign la viec lam can thigt dg dinh hudng cho cac nha giao due lua chpn phuong phap, hinh thirc to chirc cung nhu de xuat cac bien phap cu the dg GDHVVHHT cho sinh vign dat kgt qua cao TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [I] Pham Minh Hac (1983), Hdnh vi vd hoat ddng Vien khoa hoc giao due Viet Nam, Ha Noi [2) Pham Minh Hac(1990;, Phuang phdp Hip cdn hogi ddng - nhdn each vd gido due hien dai; Bai giang lai hgi nghj Qu6c tk lan 11 ve nghien ciru ly Ihuyel hoat dpng tir 21 d6n 25 thang 5-1990 tai Ph^n Lan HaNoi [3] Nguyen Anh Tuy6t(2008), Gido trinh gido due hdnh vi vdn hda cho tre em, Nxb Dai hpc su pham Ha Npi Vii Hi! HiLiy Iliing 'lap chi KHOA IOC & CONG NGHF 103(03) 79-84 SU\1\IAK> s()\n (ON n N rs ON S i T D Y ( UI.I UUL BI MAVIOKAL I DUCATION F O R S I U D I M S O I ' I H A I ^