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Hodng Vdn Tiln Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG N G H $ 94(06) 143 147 PHU''''ONG P H A P THIET KE B A I KIEM TRA D A N H G I A KiNANG B p c HIEU TIENG NlTdC NGOAl Hodng Vdn Ticn''''*, Nguyen Thj Hu?̂ Hoc vi4n Khoa[.]
Hodng Vdn Tiln Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG N G H $ 94(06): 143-147 PHU'ONG P H A P THIET KE B A I KIEM TRA - D A N H G I A KiNANG B p c HIEU TIENG NlTdC NGOAl Hodng Vdn Ticn'*, Nguyen Thj Hu?^ Hoc vi4n Khoa hoc Qudn sif Hoc vien Cdnh sal Nhdn ddn Hd Ndi TOMTAT Trong gidng dgy ngogi ngft, kilm ira - ddnh gid lu6n gdn liin vdi hogt ddng dgy vd hpc; c6 tdc dgng djnh hudng, dilu chinh hogt ddng ctia ngudi day vd ngudi hpc; cho ph^p chftng nhan dat chudn trlnh dp sau mijit qud trinh hpc t|p Tiiy theo myc dich cua hogt dpng kilm tra - danh gid ma ngudi thyc hi^n phdi tiln hdnh qua nhilu cdng dogn, vdi nhilu thao tdc vd sft dyng nhilu cong cu ddnh gid khdc Bdi vilt ndy tgp tmng gidi thi^u cdc budc ca bdn cdn thyc hien dl xay dyng mOt bdi kilm tra - ddnh gid dgt ch^t lugng doi vdi kt ndng dpc hilu tiing nudc ngodi Tir kh6a: Thiet ke kiem Ira, ddnh gid, dgy hpc ngogi ngir DAT VAN DE Kiem tra - danh gia Id mgt cdng viec gan lien vdi qua trinh dgy hgc noi chung va giang day ngogi ngft ndi rieng Kiem tra danh gia cd ba chftc nang chinh: djnh hudng, dilu chinh va chftng nhan dat chudn Ngudi ta thudng de cap nhieu den chudn ddnh gid nhu la can eft, tham chieu de thiet ke eac bdi kiem - ddnh gii Thyc te, kiem tra - ddnh gia vua la mdt qud trinh vd vfta Id mdt sdn phdm [3] La qua trinh vi nd bao gdm nhieu cac hoat dpng vd nhieu giai doan, thao tac dupc lien hanh cu the, theo trinh ty md ngudi ddnh gia phai tuan theo La sdn phdm vi ket qud ciia qua trinh la cd mdt cdng cu danh gid chudn, du kha ndng cdc loai kiln thue hay kt nang can danh gid theo nhftng myc dich xac dinh Song thyc tl, khdng phdi liic ndo viec kilm tra - danh gia cung thyc hipn dugc chuan danh gia gidng dgy ngoai ngu Chung tdi xin trinh bdy phuong phap thiet ke bai kilm tra - danh gid kt ndng dgc hilu dgt chuan dya tren ca cd sd li luan va thyc tiln THIET K£ BA! KIEM TRA - D A N H GIA Kl NANG DOC HIEU TIENG NL/CJC NGOAl Nguy§ii tdc chung Tnidc hit, tiln hdnh kilm tra - ddnh gia, phai xac dinh dugc chinh xdc, ro rang muc tieu danh gid, tftc phai trd ldi cau hdi "Tai phai kiem tra - danh gid?" Dl dat dugc myc tieu de ciia kilm tra - danh gia can trd ldi '^el- 0979750576 Email: vantienhoangl905I976@yahoofr cac cau hdi sau: "Khi ndo kiem tra - ddnh gia?", "Kilm tra - ddnh gid cdi gi?", "Kiem tra - danh gid nhu thi ndo?", "The nao la mpt cdng cy ddnh gid cd dp tin cay vd cd hieu lyc cao?" vd "Phai sft dyng cdc cong cu danh gid ndo?" Trong thyc te, ngudi ta tien hanh kiem tra danh gia d cdc giai doan khdc ciia qud trinh dgy vd hpc theo muc dich de Trudc bdt dau qua trinh day vd hpc, ngudi ta tiln hanh ddnh gia chdn doan {Evaluation diagnostique) de khdo sat trinh kien thftc vd nang lyc sdn cd cda ngudi hgc, cho phep ngudi day va ngudi hpc dinh hudng va xay dyng kl hogch, phuong phdp day vd hpc phii hgp vdi dilu kien, trinh dp va kha ndng eua ngudi hgc dl dat muc tieu cua khoa hgc dd Trong qua trinh day vd hpc, tien hanh danh gid qua trinh dao tao {Evaluation formative) dugc thyc hien sau mdi bai hay nhom bai hgc cho phep ddnh gid vipc tilp thu kiln thftc vd kt nang cua ngudi hgc, kjp thdi phat hien nhftng sai sdt, lo hdng kiln thftc d tigudi hpc vd cd cdc tac ddng hd trg, bd sung de dam bao qua trinh dgy va hpc dugc tiln hanh theo dung hudng vd dat hieu qud Khi kit thuc qua trinh dgy va hgc, ngudi ta lien hanh ddnh gia tham chilu tieu chi {Evaluation critiriee) hay danh gid tham chilu qui chudn {Evaluation normative) ddi vdi cdc kiln thftc va ki ndng thyc hdnh ma ngudi hgc Itnh h^l dugc so vdi chudn kiln thftc cdn dat vd chung nhan dgt chudn trinh dg 143 Hodng Vdn Tiln Tgp chl KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ Ngay nay, gidng dgy ngogi ngu can tgp trung danh gid trinh dp, ndng lyc su dyng ngogi ngft cac hoan cdnh giao tilp da dgng, gan gui vdi thyc le ddi song vdn hda xa hpi md ngudi hpc phdi tilp xiic, doi dipn Mgt bdi kiem tra - danh gid dugc coi Id "tot" hay "chuan" phai cho phep dugc dieu can De ldm dugc vipc dd, nd phdi dam bdo dgt cdc lieu chi sau: tinh khach quan {objeclivile), dg hipu lyc (validhe) vd dp tin cgy {fiabillle) cao Tinh khdeh quan ciia bai kiem Ira - ddnh gia the hipn vice xdc djnh rd dicu kipn thyc hipn, bieu diem cham rd rang vd thong nhat cho mpi doi tugng ngudi hgc tham gia lam bai kiem tra - danh gia Dg hicu lyc the hipn vipc bdi kiem tra - ddnh gid dd cho ph6p diing kien thuc vd ndng lyc ciia ngudi hgc md ngudi gido vicn muon kiem tra, sy phii hgp gifta ngi dung, myc lieu ciia bdi hpc hay khda hpc vdi ngi dung d\x';jc kiem tra Dg tin cay cua bdi kilm tra - danh gia thi hipn d tinh dn dinh kel qua bdi kiem tra cua ngudi hpc, khdng phu thugc vao hoan canh cham, ngudi chdm Do do, vipc lya chpn cdng cy danh gia phii hgp ddng vai tro vd cung quan trgng vipc ddnh gid chinh xac va hipu qud tung cdp dg nhdn thftc cung nhu tftng logi kien thftc va kt ndng [4] Mftc dp khd va phftc tap ciia myc lieu cung nhu ngi dung cdn danh gia doi hdi cac loai cdng cy ddnh gia khdc Chdng hgn nhu de danh gid ndng lye nhgn biet hay hieu thdng tin ciia ngudi hgc thi chi cdn dung trac nghiem khdeh quan Nhung nlu mudn ddnh gid nang lyc phan tich, tdng hgp hay danh gid cua ngudi hgc thi cdng cy trdc nghipm khach quan td kem hipu qua hon so vdi cdc cdng cy danh gid "md" Dpc hieu mgt van ban la mgt qua trinh tuong tdc tich eye gifta ba yeu td: vdn bdn, ngudi dgc va hodn cdnh dge [5,7] Khi dge hilu mgt vdn bdn, ngudi dgc khdng chi cdn cd cdc kiln thftc ngdn ngft (tft vyng, ngft phap) md cdn cd nhftng kiln thftc van hoa - xa hpi lien quan den ngi dung de cap van bdn vd cac chien luge dgc hieu Trong qud trinh dpc van bdn, ngudi dgc sft dyng nhilu chien luge, phuang phdp dgc khac de hieu van ban 94(06): 143-147 d cdc mftc dp khdc nhau: hieu i' 'n^ MLia" (h'^^" ngi dung chinh cua vdn ban dnj, iueu chi tiet (hilu day dii cdc thong tin tudng minh va ham an vdn bdn, hilu thai dg ciia tac gia the hipn vdn ban ), phan lich, ddnh gia npi dung thdng tin ciia bdi dgc Kilm tra - ddnh gid kt ndng dgc hilu cung nhdm ddnh gid muc dg hieu ciia ngudi dgc dgc mgt vdn ban Tuong ung vdi tftng myc tieu can kilm tra - danh gia ma gido vien ed the su dyng cdc cdng cy khdc nhu cau hdi dong (cau hdi vdi nhieu lya chgn QCM, bang cdc phat ngdn de ngudi dgc lya chgn Dung/Sai/Khong co thong lin theo ngi dung bdi dgc), cau hdi md yeu cku ngudi dpc phdi ty viet cau tra ldi, cdc bai khod dye Id hay cdc phat ngdn cdn khuyet mpt bp phan can ngudi dgc hodn thdnh nhd cac thdng tin ed bai, sdp xep cac phat ngdn theo logic cua bdi dge, tdm tdt y chinh cua bdi Cdc dang bai kiem tra dgc hieu dd tuong ftng vdi dg khd khac kiem tra ddnh gid kt ndng dgc hieu Cac giai doan thiet kc mgt bai kiem tra - danh gia Vipc thilt ke mpt bdi kiem tra dpc hieu ddi hdi qua trinh kiem sodt ch$t che tft khau len kl hogch, lya chpn bdi dgc den khau thilt ke cae dgng cau hdi kiem tra Sau day, chung toi xin gidi thipu khdi qudt cac giai dogn thiet kl mpt bai kiem tra - danh gia kt ndng dpc hieu: - Xdc djnh myc dich cua bdi kiim tra - ddnh gid: Xudt phdt tu vipc ndm vftng dieu kipn hpc tgp va trinh dp cfta doi tugng ngudi hgc, ngi dung chuong trinh, myc dich muon kiem tra - ddnh gia nhdm kt nang dgc hieu can dgt dugc d ngudi hpc tgi mpt giai dogn ndo dd cua qud trinh dao tao, giao vien se xdc djnh cac myc tieu vd npi dung can kilm - ddnh gia: kha nang hieu cdc thdng tin tudng minh hay ham dn van ban, kha ndng tdng hgp, phan tich hay danh gid cac thdng tin van ban, - Lua chgn bdi dgc: Vipc lya chpn bai dpc phdi dya tren yeu cau vl ngi dung chuang trinh hpc (chu dl, Itnh vyc), yeu cdu vl chuk trjnh cua giai dogn dao tgo vd trinh dp cua ddi tugng ngudi hgc Hipn nay, vipc giang Hodng Vdn Tien Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE dgy ngoai ngft ndi chung va tieng Phap ndi rieng tgi Vipt Nam dang ap dyng rgng rai chu^ trinh dg cac kt nang giao tilp theo Khung tham chiiu cdc ndng lgc ngogi ngir chung Chdu Au [2], theo ndng lyc ngoai ngir dugc chia ldm trinh dg (Al, A2, Bl, B2, CI, C2) Trong ddo tao b^c dgi hgc, cdc nha hudng thudng sft dyng khung tham chilu nang lyc ndy de xdc dinh trinh dg giao tiep ciia ngudi hpc d timg giai dogn Vf dy nhu tgi trudng D^ii hgc Ngoai ngft - Dgi hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi, kit thiic nam thft dao tao eft nhan ngoai ngft, sinh vien phdi dgt trinh dp ngogi ngft B2 [6] Do dd, giao vien phai ndm vimg yeu cau trinh dp cu the doi vdi timg kt ndng d tumg giai doan ddo tgo de lya chpn bdi dpc phii hpp ve chii de, the loai, logi hinli va dp phftc tap ciia vdn ban (dp dai vdn ban, trudng tu vyng, cac hien titgng ngft phdp) Ngoai ra, cdn phai chii y den tinh dich thyc (authenticite) eua vdn ban bdi day la mpt uu tien lya chpn tai lieu gidng day phuong phap dgy hgc ngoai ngft theo dudng hudng giao tiep Chung toi gidi thieu sau day phan mieu td cac yeu cdu cu thi d cac trinh kt nang dgc hieu theo Khwig tham chieu cdc ndng luc ngogi ngir chung Chdu Au [2] {xem trang ben) - Thiel ke cdc dgng bdi kiem tra kT ndng dgc keu: Dilu quan trgng nhat d giai doan Id giao vien phai xac djnh duge cdng cy kiem tra - danh gia nao Id phu hgp nhat vdi nhftng muc tieu muon kiem tra (kiem tra loai kien thftc hay kt ndng cu thi nao d ngudi hgc?) Nhu ben tren chftng tdi da de cap, cd rat nhieu cong cu de kilm tra mftc dg hieu cua ngudi dpc Cae cdu hdi vdi nhieu lya chgn (QCM) liay bang cac phdt ngdn de ngudi dgc lya chpn Dung/Sai/Khong co thong tin thudng dugc sft dung nhu nhihig cdng cy kilm tra danh gia khach quan Ben canh do, nhihig cau hoi md, tom tdt y chinh cua bai thudng bj xem nhu cdng cy danh gid mang tinh chu quan Tuy nhien, chung ta phdi nhan thftc rang moi cdng cy danh gia cd the mgnh rieng vd phu hgp dl kilm tra mot logi kien Ihitc hay kt nang rieng biet Chdng han cdc cau hdi QCM tgp trung kilm tra khd ndng hieu cac thdng tin eua bdi cau hdi mcr cho phep danh gia kha nang tdng hgp, 94(06): 143-147 phan tich - ddnh gid cung nhu kt nang diln dat vill ciia ngudi hpc Dgng bdi tdm tdt bdi dpc cho ph^p kilm tra kha ndng hilu, phan bipt cdc y quan trpng ciia bai vdi cac y ph^i, khdng quan trpng vd khd ndng diln dat viet Vipc lya chgn cdng cy ddnh gid cdn phy thugc mgt phan vao trinh dp ciia ngudi hpc Chiing tdi xin luu y rdng vipc thilt kl mpt cau hdi kilm tra - ddnh gid kt nang dpc hilu cdn ddm bdo mpt sd quy tac sau Thft nhdt, cac cau hdi phdi nhdm kilm tra mftc dg hilu ddi vdi cdc thdng tin quan trgng cua bdi, tranh dat cdu hdi ve eac thdng tin thft yeu, khdng quan trpng ddi vdi y nghta ciia todn van bdn Thu hai, cdu hdi bai kiem tra kt nang dpc hieu phdi ngdn gpn, rd rang, de hieu de tranh trudng hgp ngudi hgc khong hieu yeu cdu ciia cau hdi De ddm bdo dp khach quan, tin cgy cua cac cau hdi kiem tra, chung ta co the yeu cdu mgt ddng nghi6p khac dgc va nhdn xet ve sy phu hgp cua chung Ngoai ra, bai kiem tra - danh gid kt nang dgc hieu, yeu cau dua cho ngudi tham gia kilm tra phai rd rdng, chinh xac ve nhipm vy ma hg phai thyc hien ldm bdi: Ddnh ddu S vdo cdu trd ldi dung/Ddnh ddu IE) vao dimg tuang dng bdng sau/Trd ldi cdc cdu hoi sau Giao vien thiet ke cdc bai kilm tra - ddnh gid kt nang dgc hieu cdn luon ddt cau hdi "Yeu cdu de bdi dd ro rdng, di hiiu chua?", "Yiu cdu co phi* hgp vdi dgng bai kiim tra ndy khong? " Giao vien cdn hit sue cdn than dua cac yeu cau dl bai cung nhu dgt cdc cau hdi kiem tra mftc dg hieu van ban dgc Mgt ylu td khdng kem phdn quan tt-png la vi^c xay dyng dap an chdm cdn chinh xdc, ti mi vd cd tinh dy bao cao nhdt ddi vdi cdc dap an cd thi cho mdt cdu hdi kiem tra dpc hieu Doi vdi cdc cau hdi vdi nhieu lya chpn (QCM) thi thudng chi cd mgt dap an nhat dung hay chinh xac nhat ben cgnh cdc phuong an gdy nhilu, ddnh Ifta ngudi dgc [1] Ddi vdi cac cau hdi md md ngudi dpc phai ty vilt cau tra ldi thi nhd thilt kl bdi kilm tra phai dua dugc nhieu nhdt sd ddp dn cd thi chap nhgn va thang dilm cham tuong ftng 145 Hodng Vdn Tiln Tgp chl KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ 94(06): 143-147 BAng Khung iham chieu cdc ndng hrc ngogi ngir chung Chdu Au I Ngudi dpc cd thi hilu dugc cdc tft, cdc cdu dem gidn cdc didng bdo dp phich, qudng cdo rao v$t Ngudi dpc cd thi hilu dugc thu giao djch, cdc vdn bdn ngdn, don gidn, tim dugc thdng A2 tin djic bi^t, cd thi hilu nOi dung cdc tdi li$u thdng thudng nhu quang cdo, td roi, thyc dem, gid tdu Ngudi dpc cd thi hilu dugc cdc vdn bdn dugc vigt bdng ngfln ngft thdng dyng llfin quan Bl den cdng vipc ciia minh, hilu dugc cdc cdch mifiu td sy ki^n, bilu hipn tinh cdm, mong mu6n cdc bftc thu cd nhdn „_ Ngudi hpc cd thi hilu dpc cdc bdi bdo, bdo cdo vl cdc chii dl thdi sy, dd tdc gid the hi^n thdi dp rifing hay quan dilm ndo dd Ngudi dpc cd till hilu dugc cdc vdn bdn ddi, phftc tgp vl cdc sy kipn thdi sy hay vdn Cl hpc Hilu dugc cdc bdi bdo chuydn ngdnh, cdc chi dSn vl kt thu$t khdng thu^c chuyen mdn cua minh Ngudi dpc cd thi dpc dugc t^l cd cdc logi vdn bdn, dii cd npi dung trftu tugng hay C2 phftc tgp, chdng hgn mpi cuon sdch gido khoa, m$t bdi bdo chuyfin ngdnh hay m^t _ tdc ph^m vdn hgc - Ddnh gid mdc dg phtt hgp cua bdi kiem tra: trinh hay mpt giai dogn hpc lgp Ldm tdt cdng Day la mpt budc khdng the bd qua qud tdc kilm tra - ddnh gid kt ndng ndy cd nhftng trinh xdy dyng mpt bdi kiem tra - ddnh gid tdc dpng tich cyc din chat lugng dgy va hgc Qua trinh thilt kl mgt bdi kiem tra - ddnh gid nd Vipc thiet kc mgt bdi kiem tra - danh gid kt ndng doc hieu phdi dugc bdt dau bdng vipc kt ndng dgc hieu ddi hdi ngudi giao vien xac djnh muc dich ctia nd, danh gid ve cdch tien hdnh theo nhieu cdng doan vdi nhieu thftc sft dung nd (khi nao vd su dyng cho ddi thao tdc khdc nhu chung tdi trinh bay tugng ndo?), mftc dp tin cay vd dg hieu lyc ciia tren day cho phep danh gia diing trinh dg, cdng cy dd, tdc dyng cua nd doi vdi qua trinh ndng lyc giao tiep cua ngudi hgc va dgt dgy va hpc Nhftng suy nght thudng tryc dugc myc tieu de giiip chung ta di diing hudng, dieu chinh qud TAILI$UTHAMKHAO trinh kiem tra - ddnh gid cho phu hgp vdi myc Nguyen Hftu Hai (2007), Nghien cuu xdy dung tieu de ra, phdt huy tac dyng tich cyc ciia qua chudn kiem ira-ddnh gid ki ndng dgc hiiu, Lugn trinh kiem tra - ddnh gia dgy vd hpc dn Tiln St, DHQG HdNpi ngogi ngft ndi chung, dgy va hpc kt ndng dgc Hdi d^ng Chdu Au (2001), Khung iham chiiu hieu ndi rieng Vipc nit kinh nghipm sau mdi cdc ndng lire ngdn ngir Chdu Au Didier, Paris lan thyc hipn vipc kilm tra ddnh gia giup cho Nguyen Quang Thudn (2011), « Chudn ddnh gid ngudi dgy cd nhiing dieu chinh, bd sung hgp li dgy vd hgc ngogi ngft », Tgp chl Khoa hgc (2), cho nhftng ldn tiep sau Dgi hpc QuIc gia Hd Ndi, Hd Npi, trang 115-123 KET LUAN Abemot (1996), Les methodes d'evaluation scolaire 2' td, Dunod, Paris Nhu vay, kiem tra - ddnh gia la mgt cdng vipc Comaire C-L (1999), Le point sur la lecture, ludn gdn lien vdi hogt dgng dgy va hgc ngogi CM International, Paris ngu ndi chung va kt ndng dge hilu ndi rieng Dgi hpc Qu6c gia Hd Npi (2008), Chuang trinh Ngudi ta su dyng nhilu logi hinh, cdng cy ddo tgo dgi hgc, Dgi hpc Qu6c gia Hd Npi, Ha Npi kiem tra - danh gia khdc dl danh gia khd Giasson J (1990), La comprehension en nang dgc hieu cua ngudi hpc sau mpt qua lecture Gafitan Morin Editeur Hodng Vdn Tiln Tgp chf KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ 94(06): 143 - 147 SUMMARY M E T H O D T O D E S I G N AN A S S E S S M E N T T E S T ON T H E F O R E I G N L A N G U A G E S R E A D I N G C O M P R E H E N S I O N S K I L L Hoang Van Tien'', Nguyen Thi Hue^ Academy of Military Science The People Police Academy - Hanoi In teaching foreign languages, assessment tests are always closely associated with active teaching and leaming which help to orient activities of teachers and learners, certify a standard level after a leaming period Depending on the purposes of assessing activities, executors must carry out the task through several stages with many procedures using different assessment tools This article will focus on introducing basic steps to build a quality assessment test on the foreign languages reading comprehension skill Keywords: design, test, assessment, leaching foreign languages !^gay nhgn bdi:21/05/2012; Ngdy phdn bl$n:04/06/2012; Tel-0979750576 Email: vantienhoang}905l976@yahoofr Ngdy duy?l ddng: 12/06/2012 ... Cdc dang bai kiem tra dgc hieu dd tuong ftng vdi dg khd khac kiem tra ddnh gid kt ndng dgc hieu Cac giai doan thiet kc mgt bai kiem tra - danh gia Vipc thilt ke mpt bdi kiem tra dpc hieu ddi hdi... lieu ciia bdi hpc hay khda hpc vdi ngi dung d\x'';jc kiem tra Dg tin cay cua bdi kilm tra - danh gia thi hipn d tinh dn dinh kel qua bdi kiem tra cua ngudi hpc, khdng phu thugc vao hoan canh cham,... tham gia lam bai kiem tra - danh gia Dg hicu lyc the hipn vipc bdi kiem tra - ddnh gid dd cho ph6p diing kien thuc vd ndng lyc ciia ngudi hgc md ngudi gido vicn muon kiem tra, sy phii hgp gifta