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Phiing Thi HSng Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ 94(06) 117 120 MOT S6 &^C DIEM GIAO TIEP CUA HQC SINH TRUNG HQC P H 6 THONG LA NGirOfI DAN T Q C T H I £ U S 6 6 TINH THAI NGUYEN Phimg Thj mng Tru&ng Dgi[.]
Phiing Thi HSng Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ 94(06): 117-120 MOT S6 &^C DIEM GIAO TIEP CUA HQC SINH TRUNG HQC P H THONG LA NGirOfI DAN T Q C T H I £ U S 6 TINH THAI NGUYEN Phimg Thj mng Tru&ng Dgi HQC Supham - Dgi hpc Thdi Nguyen TOM TAT Giao tiap c6 vai trd auan trgng diri s6ng xH h^i N6 c6 mgt mgi hogt dOng ciia nguiri, Nhir c6 giao tiep m6 ngufiri c6 thi hinh thAnh vA phii trl^n tSm ly - nhSn cich mgt cdch toin di^n d^ c6 thi gia nh§p vAo cu^c s6ng xS h^i da dgng \k phirc tgp Hi|n nay, vin dl giao tilp cua hoc sinh Trung hpc ph6 thdng (HS THPT) n6i chung, HS THPT 14 ngutri dan tgc thieu s6 (DTTS) n6i ridng dang dugc quan tSm nghian ciiu Trong bdi bdo ndy, tdc gid de cdp den mgt so d$c dilm giao tilp ciia HS THPT la ngudi DTTS i tinh Thdi Nguven nhu: ddc diem ve nhu ciu giao tilp, doi tugng giao tilp, n^i dung giao tilp, lir d6 dua y kien de xuit g6p phin khic phuc nhthig hgn chl giao tiep ciia cdc em Tirkhfia: Giao Hep ddc diem giao tiep, hgc sinh trung hgc phd thong Id ngudi ddn lgc thieu sd DAT VAN DE Trong xa hgi, giao tiep khong chi la dieu ki$n de ngudi t6n tgi ma la dieu kien de ngudi hinh va phat trien nhan each Thdng qua giao tilp, cac ca nhan gia nhgp vao cac moi quan he xa hgi voi nh&ng ca nhan khac va vdi toan xa hgi Cac moi quan he ca nhan cang phong phu, da dang thi ban chat nguoi cang thi hi?n rd net Thanh nien noi chimg, HS THPT noi rieng la lira tuoi dang dinh hinh ve nhan each Doi vcri lira tudi nay, giao tiep nhom ban, cac hogt dgng chung; giao tiep ngoai xa hgi CO y nghia quan trgng doi voi sir truong ve nhieu mat cua cac em nhu: trinh dg nhan thiic, the gioi quan, doi song tinh cam Hi6n nay, vdi xu thi hgi nhgp va phat trien toan cau, nhiing bien dgng cua ddi song thuc tien da anh hudng sau sac den cac moi quan h^, den hanh vi, sir suy nghT va cugc song ciia cae em Dieu doi hoi cac em phai dugc chuan hi va chii dgng ty chuin bi cho minh ve nhi8u mat, dgc biet la tri thiic v6 ngudi, ve sy giao tilp ciia eon ngucri xa hgi Chi cd nhu vgy cac em mdi dii sure sdng ngi tam lanh manh de lam giiu them nh&ng gid trj tinh than cho chinh ban than, ddng thdi gdp phin ton vinh nhiing tinh hoa, nhung gid trj van hoa chan chinh cua dan tpc minh Tel: 0978.378.399 Thai Nguyen la mgt cdc tinh thugc khu vuc Ddng Bac cua To quoc, la noi cu tru ciia nhilu ddng bao cac DTTS nhu: Tay, Nung, Mdng, Dao, Cao Lan, San Chi Thuc te cho thiy, su hinh va phdt triin nhan each ciia hgc sinh DTTS ndi chung, HS THPT la ngudi DTTS noi rieng thudng chiu sir tac ddng manh me cua nhimg dieu kien day va hgc dudi anh hudng ciia dilu kien kinh te, van hoa, xa hgi d mien niii Ve ITnh vuc giao tilp, ben canh nhirng dac diem chung ciia liia tudi, d HS DTTS eon co nhiing net rieng Viec nghien cijru, phat hien nhung net rieng tgo co sd thirc tien giiip eac nha giao due lira chgn cac bien phap tac dong phu hgp, gdp phin phat triin toan dien nhan each cho HS THPT la ngudi DTTS cd y nghTa thilt thuc KHACH THE DIEU TRA VA PHLTONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtf - Ve khach thi dilu tra: Chimg tdi tiln hanh khao sdt 450 HS THPT la ngudi DTTS d tinh Thdi Nguyen (gdm trudng: trudng THPT Dinh Hod, trudng THPT Phu Luong, trudng PT Viing cao Viet Bdc) Ngoai ra, chung tdi tiln hanh khdo sat 50 gido vien thugc cac trudng THPT ndi tren - v l phuong phdp nghien ciiu: Chiing toi sil dyng phdi hgp cdc phuong phap nghien cuu nhu: phuong phdp quan sat, phuong phdp dam thoai, phuong phdp trie nghiem, phuang phdp dieu tra bdng bang hdi 117 PhiingThj Hang Tgp chl KHOA HQC & C N G N G H $ - So sdnh nhu cau giao tilp giua nam va n& thiy c6 sy khdc bi?t, Nhin chung, HS nfi^cd nhu cau giao tilp thip'hon HS nam Cy the, d miic dg Thap, HS niJ chiim ty 1? 58,48% HS nam chiem ty I? 37%- C6 the gidi thich thyc tr^ng neu tren dya vao d$c diem tam ly vd dieu ki?n giao tilp cua HS THPT Id ngudi DTTS Doi vdi HS DTTS, dieu ki^n, moi trudng giao tiep co nhieu hgn che, phgm vi giao tiep hgn h?p, chii yeu cdc em giao tiep vdi b^n b6, ngudi than Idng, bdn, xd M§t khdc, so vdi HS nam, cac em HS n& thudng td ryt re, nhut nhdt kin ddo hon giao tiep Tat cd nhung dieu ndy cd dnh h u ^ g den miic dg va nhu cau giao tiep ciia HS THPT Id ngudi DTTS * Doi tugng giao tiep cua HS THPT la ngudi DTTS d tinh Thdi Nguyen Tim hieu ve ddi t u ^ g giao tiep eiia HS THPT la ngudi DTTS d tinh Thai Nguyen, chung tdi thu dugc ket qua d bang KET QUA NGHIEN CUXJ * Nhu cau giao tilp ciJa HS THPT Ih ngudi DTTS d tinh Thdi Nguyen De Itm hieu ve nhu cau giao tiep ciia HS, chung toi dS sir dgng trie nghiem nhu cau giao tiep (P.O) Ket qud thu dui?c the hi^n d bdng I Nhgn xet bdng 1: - Nhin chung, HS THPT Id ngudi DTTS d tinh Thdi Nguyen c6 nhu cau giao tiep rat thip, da so d miic Trung binh thip vd Thip (chiem tdi 79,11%) - Nhu cau giao ticp cua HS cd sy phan hod khd rd r?t Cy Ihl, nhu cau giao tilp cua cdc em dugc thi hiC'n d cd muc dg: Thap, Trung binh thap, Trung binh, Tren trung binh, Cao Tuy nhien, so HS c6 nhu cau giao tiep tir miic Trung binh trd len chi chiem 20,9%, chenh lech so vdi hai miic Trung binh thap va Thap la 58,2% Bdng L Nhu cdu giao tiep cua HS THPT Id ngudi DTTS a tinh Thdi Nguyen rllit ( " Thap Trung binh thap Trung binh Tren trung binh Cao SL 51 64 52 Nam % 29.48 37.0 30.05 3.47 Zn 173 100.0 Nif TB T8ng SL 79 162 20 12 % 28.52 277 100.0 TB 58.48 7.22 4.33 1.44 % SL 130 226 72 18 28.89 50.22 16.0 4.0 0.89 450 100.0 TB Bdng Doi luorng giao tiep cua HS THPT la ngtr&i DTTS a linh That Nguyin T ^ ddnh gid caaHS STT Ddnh gtd 1cilaGV Tdng h f p X TB X TB X TB B^n cCing truing, I6p 2.91 2.95 2.93 2 Ban khdc trufmg, I6p 2.03 10 1.87 10 1.99 B^n ciing thdn, bdn 2.40 2.55 2.44 Ban khdc thon, ban 2.0 11 1.84 11 1.96 10 Ban ciing gi6i 2.90 2.74 2.86 Ban Ididc gi6i 2.45 2.39 2.43 Ban than, ban "tong" 2.92 2.97 2.94 Cha m?, th^y c6 gido 2.34 2.35 2.34 Ban cimg dan tgc 2.42 2.71 2.49 10 Ban khdc dan tQC 2.44 2.42 2.43 11 Doi tu(;ng khdc 2.38 2.36 2.37 Phdng Thj Hdng Tgp chl KHOA HQC & CONG NGHf Nhgn xet bdng 2: - Theo kit qud ty ddnh gid cua HS va danh gia ciia GV, doi tugng giao tiep cua HS THPT la ngudi DTTS khd da dgng: bgn ciing trudng, Idp; bgn khac trudng, Idp; bgn ciing ddn tOc, ban khdc dan tgc; cha me, thay, cd giao Tuy nhien, miic dg giao tilp ciia cdc em vdi cdc doi tugng khdc c6 sy khde Nhin chung, doi tugmg dugc cdc em giao tiep thudng xuyen nhit, bao gom: bgn than, bgn "tong" vdi ^ = 2,94 (xIp thii bgc 1); bgn cung trudng, Idp vdi ^ = 2,93 (xep thii bgc 2), bgn cCing gidi vdi ^ = 2,86 (xIp thii bgc 3) Bgn khac trudng, Idp; b ^ khdc thdn, ban Id nhung doi tugng it dugfc cdc em giao tiep, vdi ^ = 1,99 va X = 1,96 - Ket qud khdo sat cho thdy, miic giao tiep ciia HS THPT la ngudi DTTS vdi cdc ddi tuong khdc chju anh hudng manh me eua mdi tmdng giao tiep, khdng gian giao tilp vd tinh chat ciia cdc moi quan he ciia cac em Bgn than, bgn "tdng" Id nhihig ngudi ban gan giii, than thiet, gan bd ve tinh cam; cac em coi nhu anh em rugt thjt, ciing chia nggt, se bili Mat khdc, ban ciing trudng, Idp Id nhiing ngudi ban thudng xuyen gap gd^, cdc em chung 94(06): 117-120 song, hgc tgp cung mdt mdi hudng Nhiing dieu ndy dd dnh hudng tryc tiep din nhu cau, mirc dg giao tilp ciia cdc em * Ngi dung giao tilp ciia HS THPT Id ngudi DTTS d tinh Thdi Nguyen Ket qud khao sdt ve n^i dung giao tiep cua HS THPT vd ngudi DTTS d tinh Thai Nguyen dugcthehi?ndbdng3 Nhgn xdt bang 3: - Ngi dung giao tiep ciia HS THPT Id ngudi DTTS khd da dgng C\i the, cd 12 chii dl, ngi dung dugc dl cap tdi Tuy nhi8n, mirc dg giao tiep d nhiing ngi dung khac cd sy khdc - Nhihig ngi dung dugc HS dl cap den nhilu nhat, bao gom: "phim dnh, the thao, chuyen phiem" vdi ^ = 2,73 (xep thOr bgc 1), "ngi dung hgc tap, phuong phdp hgc tap", vdi ^ = 2,49 (xep thir bgc 2), "cac hogt dgng dien trudng, Idp" vdi ^ = 2,44 (xep thii bgc 3) Cae ngi dung it dugc HS quan tam, chia se bao gdm: "dy dinh chgn nghe", "nhan xet, ddnh gia ve ngudi khac", "cdc van de an ninh, thdi sy, kinh te, chinh trj, xd hdi nudc, qudc te vd dia phuong" ? Noi dung giao tiep cua HS THPT Id ngudi DTTS d linh Thdi Nguyen Nam STl Ngi dung giao tiep Chung NO- X TB X TB X TB 2.49 Noi dung hgc tap, phirong phdp hpc t^p 2.56 2.56 Phim anh, thi thao, chuyan philm 2.78 2.71 2.11 2.73 2.14 Nep s6ng sinh hoat hang ngdy 1.71 11 1.80 11 2.22 Tinh cam rifing tu: tinh ban, tinh ylu, h6n nhdn, 2.04 gia dinh Cac vdn d i an ninh, thiri sir, kinh ti, chinh fri, 2.11 xd hpi ntrdc, quoc te vd dja phuong Nhan x6t, ddnh gid ve nguoi khdc 1.89 Dir dinh chpn nghe (chpn tnrimg, chpn khoi thi, 2.22 chpn \ijp thi ) Vi$c ldm tuong lai 2.19 So thich, nguySn vpng, u6c mo, \^ tu6ng cua 2.37 ban than 2.59 10 Cdc hoat dOng dien truimg, idp 11 Phong tyc, tap qudn ctia ddn t§c minh 12 Cdch nhm nhan ve cu§c song S 1.84 10 1.92 10 10 1.99 1.96 2.04 2.09 2.23 2.22 2.33 2.39 2.34 2.44 1.96 2.19 2.12 2.22 2.11 2.14 Phiing Thj HSng Tgp chl KHOA HQC & C N G N G H $ Th^c trgng eho thay, nhii'ng van de can thict doi vdi cugc song vd tuong lai ciia HS THPT la ngudi DTTS nhu: van dl djnh hudng gid trj nghe nghiep, van de lya chgn khoi thi, trudng thi, chpn nghe cho phii hgp vdi nSng khicu, sd trudng, ndng lyc ciia ban thdn; van de ty ddnh gid ve minh vd ddnh gid vl ngudi khdc, xay dyng bilu tugng dung din ve ban than; cdc van de thdj sy kinh tl chinh trj - x3 hgi vd ngodi nudc dd khdng dugc cdc em quan tam dung mire Dieu ndy se ldm hgn che ket qud hgc tgp, phan dau va lu ren luy^n nhan cdch cua cac em - Ket qud khdo sdt cho thiy, sy ban chl ve nhu cau giao tiep cua HS THPT Id ngudi DTTS d tinh Thdi Nguyen cd lien quan den sy hgn che vc doi tugng giao tiep vd ngi dung giao tiep cua cdc em KET LUAN Qua khao sdt thyc tiln, chiing toi nhan thay; HS THPT la ngudi dan tgc thieu so d tinh Thai Nguyen cd nhu cau giao tiep rat thap; ddi tugng giao tilp, ngi dung giao tilp ciia cdc em cdn hgn h?p Nhirng dieu gay cdn trd cho sy phat trien va hodn thi$n nhan cdch d cdc em M O T S O Y K I E N DE XUAT - Ve phia gia dinh: Cin dgng vien, khuyin khich, tgo mgi dieu kien ve vat chat va tinh than de cdc em cd the tham gia tich cyc vao cdc hogt dgng tap the, tir dd hinh thanh, phdt trien tinh ty tin vd ky nang^iao tiep d cdc em Mat khdc, gia dinh cdn phdi hgp chat che vdi nhd h-udng vd xd hgi, kjp thdi p > lii?n, uon ndn nhOng sai sdt ve giao tiep o cdc em, tgo moi trudng giao tiep thu^n lgi de cac em phat trien todn di?n vl nhan cdch - Ve phia nhd trudng vd cdc to chiic, dodn thi xd hgi: c i n da dgng hod cdc hogt dgng giao dye, cdc hinh thiic hogt dgng ngogi khod, giao luu, to chirc md hinh cdu Igc bg ky ndng song nhdm t^o dieu ki?n phdt huy tinh tich cyc, sdng tgo, r6n luy?n cdc kJ ndng giao tiep cho HS: ky ndng ty chu cam xuc, hdnh vi; ky ndng thuyet trinh trudc tgp thi; ky ndng lgp lugn, dien gidi mgt van de Tich cyc phan diu xay dyng trudng hgc than thi?n, HS tich cyc: xay dyng khoi dodn kit, gin bd, tgo khong thdn thi?n, chia se, cdi md nhd trudng, giup HS ty tin, hoa dong ciing tgp the - Ve phia HS: Can tich cyc, chii dgng giao tilp, cac hogt dgng chung; cd y thiic khdc phye nhiing h^n che cua bdn than vd ty r^n luy^n cdc ky ndng giao tilp TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Hodng Anh (chii bifin), DS Thj Chdu, Nguyen Thgc (2009), Hogl dgng - Giao liip - Nhdn cdch Nxb Dgi hgc Su phgm Phang Thj Hdng (2008), Mgi sd ddc diim giao Hep cua hgc smh THPT ddn tgc Tdy Nung, Ludn dn Tiln sT Tdm ly hgc Nguyin Quang Udn (2002), Tdm ly hgc dgi cuang, Nxb Dgi hgc Su phgm SUMMARY SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION OF ETHNIC MINORITV PUPILS IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE Phung Thi Hang* College of Education - TNU Communication plays an important role in social life as it is found in all human activities Thanks to communication, humans can form and develop their psychology - a comprehensive personality to be able to join the various and complex social life Currently, the communication problems of high school students in general, and ethnic minority high school students in particular are interested by the researcher In this paper, the author refers to some communication characteristics of the ethnic minority high school students in Thai Nguyen province, such as characteristics of communication needs, communication objects and contents of communication, thereby making proposals to help the students overcome their limitations in communication Key words: Communication, communication features, high school students from elhnic minorities Ngaynhan: 16/05/2012; Ngay phdn bi?n:24/05/2012; Ngdy duy4t dSng: 12/06/2012 Tel-0978 378.399 120 ... cd muc dg: Thap, Trung binh thap, Trung binh, Tren trung binh, Cao Tuy nhien, so HS c6 nhu cau giao tiep tir miic Trung binh trd len chi chiem 20,9%, chenh lech so vdi hai miic Trung binh thap... Thdi Nguyen c6 nhu cau giao tiep rat thip, da so d miic Trung binh thip vd Thip (chiem tdi 79,11%) - Nhu cau giao ticp cua HS cd sy phan hod khd rd r?t Cy Ihl, nhu cau giao tilp cua cdc em dugc... diem tam ly vd dieu ki?n giao tilp cua HS THPT Id ngudi DTTS Doi vdi HS DTTS, dieu ki^n, moi trudng giao tiep co nhieu hgn che, phgm vi giao tiep hgn h?p, chii yeu cdc em giao tiep vdi b^n b6, ngudi