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NHU c i u GIAO DUC StfC KHOE SINH SAN ClA HOG SINH TRUNG HUC PHD THONG THANH PHD SON l A j l N H SON IA THOC TRANG VAGIAI PHAP ThS VD THI THE* Trong nhijng nhan tdanh hudng den cdng tae giio due (GO)[.]
NHU ciu GIAO DUC StfC KHOE SINH SAN ClA HOG SINH TRUNG HUC PHD THONG THANH PHD SON lAjlNH SON IA-THOC TRANG VAGIAI PHAP ThS VD THI THE* T rong nhijng nhan tdanh hudng den cdng tae giio due (GO) hpc sinh tarng hpe phd thdng (HS THPT), siibien dd1 vetam, sinh li cua cac em la nhan td quan trpng hang dau Chinh nhimg bien dd'i dd da lam xuat hien mpt nhu cau (3ac biet (tham chi edn dupc xem la van de nhay cam) la nhucaudi/QCGDvesot;AAdesn/js^(SKSS} Nhung nghien ctj^ khoa hpc va tht/c tiln cho thay, viec giai quyet thda dang van de cd anh hudng quyet djnh den ket qua GD cua nha tn/dng phothdng va qua trinh hinh tiianh nhan each cua HS HS THPT tinh Son La ben canh nhung tSem chung cua HS ca nude cdn ed nhijng yeu tddac thu Viec khao sat va danh giadungthi/ctrangnhucauGDSKSScuaHSTHPT tinh Son La cd y nghia khoa hpc va xa hpi to Idn I.ThucfrangnhucauGDSKSScijaHSTHPT tmh Son La Oelam rdthuc trang venhu cau GD SKSScua HS THPTTP.SonLa,tinhSPnLa,nam2013,chungtdi da tien hanh dieu tra, khao sat 180 HS cua hai tn/dng: THPT chuyen tinh Son La vaTHPT Dan too ndi tni (DTNT) tfnh Son La - npi tap trung nhieu phan em dan tdc, thupc nhieu nhdm dan eu khae tren dia ban tmh; 50 giao vien (G V] cua hai ta/dng va 50 phu huynh hpe sinh (PHHS) Npi dung khao sat tap tn/ng vao nhi/ng van desau: 1} Nhung hieu biet eua HS veSKSS: Ket qua khao sat cho thay, nhin chung, HS cd hieu biet het sij'c mp hd ve khai niem SKSS Cac em chua dupc tiep can khai niem theo gdc dp khoa hpc, chtJ yeu giai thieh theo kinh nghian, khong cd y niem ve viec cham sde, bao ve co the va cae bp phan sinh due cua ban Ulan Dieu dat khong it khd khan cho cdng tac GD, dat cac em trude nhung nguy co rat \an quan he tinh cam, tinh ban, tinh yeu va tinh due Thuctehiennay.cdmptbpphan khdng nhd H S d Tm'dng THPT DTNT cua tinh dac thu ve van hda toe ngudi, anh hudng cila cupc sdng sinh hoat gia dinh, phong tuc tap quan nen da sdm budc vao cupc sdng quan he tinh due (QHTD), hdn nhan va gia dinh,nhi/nghiaibietcijacacemveSKSS ndi chung, (ki2-7/2014) eae bien phap tranh thai dedam bao mdt cudc sdng tinh dye an toan va lanh manh hetsdc han che Bangi Mdc hieu bie't cua HS THPT ve cac bien phap tranh thai Bao cao su nam **\K ao nti?" biel Nghev^ Nghe nht/r»g Chua hi^u chira hi^u SL SL SL B7 48.3 69 3B.3 24 13.4 Bao cao su aa 3 Thuoc b^m tta rdi Ihai Thuoc tranh Ihar hang 3TT C^c bidn phap Iranh thai % % % 1.7 66 36.7 i n 61,6 27 15 78 43,3 75 412 27 IS 94 52,5 59 32.8 s Thuoc tranh thai khan cap 19 10.6 74 43,9 82 45.5 Dat vong 35 19.4 103 57,2 44 24,0 Xu^t tinh ngoai am dao 31 17.2 63 35 6G 47,B Tfnh vong lanh 37 20,5 55 30,6 BB 46,9 Ti 1$ [rung binh 18,5 42 39,5 Trong bien phap tranh thai CLI the, ti le trung binh ma HS THPT cho la minh da ''nghe vi hleW ve tung bien phap tranh thaidd chl dat 18,5 %.tile"nfir//e nhung chua hietf va "chua nghd' deu d muc cao (chiem den 42% va39,5%) Gd the nhan thay, HS khdng ti/ tin vao nhung hieu biet cua ban than ve cac bien phap tranh thai Mpt phan it cddieu kien de cap den, sp mang tieng la to md nen tam li cac em cdn e ngai, thieu cPimp viec trinh bay quan diem Mat khac, dieu cung phan anh st/thieu ehuan bi can thiet ve mat kien tht)c de HS THPT ed the chu ddng viec bao ve SKSS cua ban than, Nguy co Idn dat la, cac em budc vao cupc sdng sinh hoat tinh due tu kha sdm nhung lai chua cd nhi/ng hieu biet can thiet de tu bao ve minh B d la li dan den nhieu bi kich nhu cd thai ngoai y mudn, nghi hpc giua chtJrng, mic nhirng benh lay qua dudng tinh due Oieu da va dang dat nhieu thach thuc eho nha chuc trach, nha trudng va gia dinh cdng tac GD va bao ve HS * Tnrong Dai hoc Tay Bac Tap chi Gido due so 338 63 Mdt thuc tedatraddivdinhieuHSTHPTTP, Son La, tinh Son La la cae em budc vao QHTD tir kha sdm, nhieu em lap gia dinh vacd tu cdn ngdi tren ghe nhatrudng, nhien, eae em hieu biet rat it ve cac benh lay truyen qua dudng tinh due va cac bien phap phdng tranh Khdng ittrudng hop mfic nhung benh lay nhilm, de lai nhung hau qua he'tsue nang ne veSKSS Cung vdi viec nghien cuu HS de tim hieu xem HS cd nhu eau dupc GD SKSS hay khdng, chung tdi cung phdng van not dung vdi GV va PHHS Ket qua' 100% GV va PHHS deu khang djnh HS THPT ednhucaudupcGDSKSS.MptsdPHHS binh luan: Y / HS da tuoi sinh san, co nhu cau vetinh due", "Vi toi thay cac chau rat lung tung vi mo ho trudc nhOng kien thdc ddn gian veSKSS ngai tim hieu vi xi'u ho nhic deh" Ketqua khao sat cung cho thay, chl CO 47,2% cho la eae em "da nghe va hied' ve benh lay truyen qua dudng tinh due; 44,4% cho la cae em "nghe nhung chua hieW va 8,4% cae em "chua nghe" Nhuvay, su thdng nhatcua cae nhdm khach the cho thay viec GD SKSS la mdtyeu cau cap thiet (xem bang 3) Bang Muc nhan biet cua HS THPT ve cac benh lay Bang Not dung GD SKSS truyen va khong lay truyen qua duang tinh due (LJQOTD) STT ' 10 11 12 13 U Ke't qua tra Id'i Nhan biel dung 14 benh LTQBTD va benh khong LTQDTD Nhan biet dung 13 benh Nh|n bigt dung 12 b^nh Nhan biet dung 11 benh Nhan biet dung 10 benh Nhan biet dung benh Nhan biel dung benh SL Ti le % 0,55 Nhan Nhan Nhan Nhan Nhan Nhan Nhan 2a biel dung biel dung biel dung biet dung biel dung biel dung biet dung benh benh benh benh benh benh benh long STT ' fi 27 37 1,6 2,8 2R 22 12 14 ? 180 1,1 3,3 15 20,6 11,1 15,6 12,2 6,7 7,a 1,1 0,55 100 Thieu ngudn thdng tin va kien thde ve SKSS la nguyen nhan can ban dan den thuc trang tren, Dd la li giai thich vi hien tupng m§c nhung benh lay nhiim lien quan den viee QHTD la kha pho' bien d thieu men tren dia ban tinh Son La, Can thie'l Mlic Khong Khong tra loi SL [%) SL SL 180 100 0 0 178 58,9 1,1 • 180 100 n n 179 99,4 0,6 0 Sy phat tnin tam smh li tuoi ' < » B Bang2cho thay, mue dp nhan thdc thue syeua HS THPT ve benh LTQDTD thap hPn rat nhieu so vdi mirc HS THPT tu danh gia la minh da hieu, chi cd0,55% hieu thuc su (phan biet dupc dung benh lay truyen va benh khdng lay truyen qua dudng tinh due} so vol 47,2% tl le HS THPT nghT la minh "da nghe va hied' Noi dung GD SKSS 10 " Sy phat tnen tam sinh li tuoi dav Ihi Tinh ban, linh yeu Cac benh LTQDTD va each phong tranh Lam me an loan Cac benh nhilm lihuan tjLfdng smh due va cach ve smh phonq tranh Ke hoach hoa gia dinh Phat hien sdm ung thy vu va unq Ihu dyonq sinh due Tmh due an toan, lanh manh Cach Ihifc chSm soc, giJ gin v& smh than the va bo phan Sinh due Cac bien phap tranh thai va hau qua eua viec QHTD ti tu6i HS, QHTD trudc hon nhan, QHTD khonq an loan 137 76,1 29 11^,1 14 7,8 179 99,4 • 0,6 0 150 n3 19 i n f i 11 f i l 168 93,3 3,9 inn fl 180 100 0 • 180 100 0 0 1B0 2,8 Hau het HS THPT deu CO nhu cau cao veca 11 chu dechua dung eae npi dung ve SKSS, ehu de HS cd nhu cau thap nhat cung chiem tdi 76,1 %, Dieu dd chdng td HS THPT cd nhu cau hieu biet day du va toan dien ve nhung van de lien quan den SKSS, COng vdi nhimg ket qua trao ddi vdi GVva PHHS, chiing toi nhanthay.viecHSTHPTcdnhu cau dupc GD nhirng 2) Nhu eau eua HS duge GD veSKSS: kien thirc ve SKSS xuat phat tiychinh y thu'c cua cac -Nhu cau GD SKSS cua HSTHPT:Z\% WSc'no em viec nang cao hieu biet ve nhQng van de bietviecGD SKSS ehoHSTHPT la can thiet; 13,9% lien quan den gidi tinh, SKSS nhim tri cupc sdng la "binh thudng", khdng cd y kien nao khSng dinh la lanhmanh,antoan;mdtlacaeemcdthetuchamsde "khong can thiet" ban than bude vao tudi day thi, hai la cd the tu bao 64 Tap chi Gido dye so 338 (ki2-7/2014) ve ban than tham gia vao cae mdi quan he tinh cam, tinh due va cac to chirc doan, hdi can phdi ket hpp de to ehdc cac hoatdpng ngoai khda theo cac chu de khae - Nhu cau cua HS vehinh thuc GD 5K'SS;36,6% HS cho rang nen td chuc "hgc chinh khdi', 63,4% MS cho rang nen td ehu'c "hgc ngoai khdi' Ddi vdi chi/Png trinh chinh khda, hau het cac em deu mong mudn cd ndi dung rieng cae chuyen gia, nhiing GV da dUPc dao tao chuyen sau giang day veSKSS nham tang cudng suhieu biet cho HS, tranh -NhucauctjaHSvethdidiemGDSKSS:^'\J% HS dupe hdi deu eho rang nen tien hanh viec GD SKSS cac em budc vao bac hpe phothdng Nhuvay, nhu eau dupe GD SKSS cua HS THPT TP, Son La, tinh Son La la rat buc thiet, Dieu hoan toan phil hc^ vdi dac diem tam, smh li lii'a tudi va nhirng van de cac em dang phai ddi mat, Tuy nhien, ketqua dieu tra, khao sat cung cho thay, edng tae G D SKSS nha trudng chua dap iing dupc nhu eau rat bdc thiet cua HS, Npidung GD ngheo nan, nang ve li thuyet, hinh thiJre don dieu thieu hap d&n nen hieu qua het sue khiem tdn Dd la li giai ttiich tai xuat hien nhung "bi kieh vi men" lien quan den nhi/ng van de SKSS, tinh ban vatinh yeu Thue trang khien xa hpi het sue nhire nhdi, phuhuynhlolangvaHSthihoang mang, mat phUPng hudng, anh hudng khdng nhdta chat luong cudc saig, hoc tap va sinh hoat cua cac em va gia dinh eon em minh tim den nhiing noi ma odd cdthe dupc 2.Mptsdbienphapnham nang cao hieu qua cong tacGD SKSS cho HSTHPTTP San La.tinh Son La 1) Bien phap chung - Can tiep can van de GD SKSS cho HS theo hudng tiep can dua vao nhu cau va dua tren quyen cua cae em vi day la mpt nhirng nhu cau het sij'c chinh dang, ddng theft day cung chinh la quyen ve SKSS cua nhirng ngudi tre tud'i; -Thuc hien viec xay dung npi dung chupng trinh va tai lieu d§ tiep can va phii hop vdi dac diem tam, sinh li HS TH PT nh§m nang cao tinh hap d i n , tinh tu nhien cua cdng tac GD SKSS Co nhiing tai lieu phu hpp de trang bi cho phu huynh HS nhung kien thuc can thiet nham G D cai 2) Cae bien phip ey the - Nang eao nang luc ciia GV phy trach eae mdn hpc cd hen quan den GD SKSS Vdi cac mdn hpc hien cd Idng ghep kien thdc ve SKSS, thay cd giao can phai luu tam va danh thdi gian de giang day cho cac em Day la nhu cau, la quyen cua HS va la trach nhiem cua GV; - Nhatrudng nhi/ng hanh vi nguy cP dang tie'c cho cac em - Keihgp GD nha tn/dng vigia dinh Nhung ngudi than gia dinh, dac diet la cha me cac em can eoi van de GD SKSS cho eon em minh la mdt van de nghiem tue vathuc sucan thiet Hay hudng dan cho eung cap nhi/ng kien thue vadich vu tdt nhatcho vi du nhu: cae tnjng tam tuvan ve sde khde smh san, trung tam tu van ve tinh yeu • hdn nhan va gia dinh, eae trung tam tu van qua dien thoai - Khai thac co hieu qua cic phuang tien truyen thong dai chung Cac phuong tien truyen thdng can dinh hudng GD tung chuyen mue, timg bai viet ve van de de tao cac ludng tu tudng tien bd va eung cap tw cho cdng chimg nhi/ng kien thdc dung dan Can cd nhung chinh sach trpgiup cho cac chuyen muc va ket hpp vdi vide kiem soat ehat ehe ndi dung dupe dang tai dedam bao tinh khoa hoe - Phit huy tinh than tugiae, chu dgng cua HS H S can the hien quyen bay td nhu cau nguyen vpng cua minh tren cac diln dan danh cho cae em ve SKSS vi vay cac em hay tham gia vao dd mot each nhiet tinh bang each dua nhiing y kien de xuat chinh dang cua minh Q Tai lieu f ham khao Nguyin Vo Ky Anh (chu bien) Tai lieu gido due gi&i tinh phong chd'ng tS nan mai ddm Xircmg in vSn phong Bo GD-DT H 2004 Phan Ke Cirang Tuoi vi nign - tinh yeu va gioi tinh NXB Phu nu, H 2005 Duong Thi Dieu Hoa (chu bien) Tam U hpc phat trien NXB Bat hoc supham Hd Ndi, 2008 4, Nguyen Quang Vinh "Dua gido dac gidi ti'nh vd gido due sue khoe sinh sdn vi thdnh nien vdo tru&ng phd thong" Chuxmg trinh hgp tac y te Viet Nam Thuy Di^n Linh vuc BMTE/KHHGD Ha Noi 1997 SUMMARY The paper analyzes the sun'ey results of present knowledge on issues related to reproductive health as well as tts educational needs of high school students in Son La tomi- Son La province Due to that, eifeetive solations are proposed to inproved the quality of reproducUve health education for high school Tap chi Gido dye so 338 (ki2-7/2014) i ... SKSS la nguyen nhan can ban dan den thuc trang tren, Dd la li giai thich vi hien tupng m§c nhung benh lay nhiim lien quan den viee QHTD la kha pho'' bien d thieu men tren dia ban tinh Son La, Can... tranh -NhucauctjaHSvethdidiemGDSKSS:^''\J% HS dupe hdi deu eho rang nen tien hanh viec GD SKSS cac em budc vao bac hpe phothdng Nhuvay, nhu eau dupe GD SKSS cua HS THPT TP, Son La, tinh Son La la... tedatraddivdinhieuHSTHPTTP, Son La, tinh Son La la cae em budc vao QHTD tir kha sdm, nhieu em lap gia dinh vacd tu cdn ngdi tren ghe nhatrudng, nhien, eae em hieu biet rat it ve cac benh lay truyen qua dudng