Q U A N Li OIAODUC NGHIEN CUU THUC TIEN PHO THdNG TRONG DAO TAO GIAO ViM O TS VU THI SON* Mil quan hf giOa ddo h;io gido vidn (DTGV) vd gido dye phd thdng (GDPT) Id mdi quan hf huu CO frfn nhllu binh[.]
Q U A N Li OIAODUC NGHIEN CUU THUC TIEN PHO THdNG TRONG DAO TAO GIAO ViM O TS VU THI SON* M i l quan hf giOa ddo h;io gido vidn (DTGV) vd sdt hgch vi chdt luang ddo Igo cua TSP d vd gido dye phd thdng (GDPT) Id mdi quan ddy edn phdn bift glal doqn phdt friln NLNN: hf huu COfrfnnhllu binh difn glOa thdnh 1) GV frf mdi trudng s3 phdn dnh chd't luqng phdn cdt ldifrongmft hf thdng chung cd cdu fruc sdn phdm cudi eua qudfrinhddo hao; 2) SV frong da tdng VI thi, cdl thifn mdi lifn kit giua \ni6ng TTSP sS phdn dnh chdt luqng eua glal doqn hqc phd thdng (TPO vd CO sd DTGV (gql chung Id hudngtdp nhd't djnh Nghidn ci/u TPT sd eho thdng «n v l su phqm (TSP)) duqc xem Id ylu td then chd't eho muc df ddp ung cdc yfu edu thye t l GDPT cOa ddl mdt cdn bdn vd todn difn gido dye vd ddo SV thye tdp, cuo GV mdi ro frudng Dd Id nhCrng tqo, Idm mdt xich, ddy fruyin d l cdi cdch ddng du lifu quan frqng giup cho TSP vd bdn thdn SV thdl cd GDPT vd DTGV Dilu ndy df t cdu hdi v l h/ ddnh gid v l qudfrinhddo tqo cOa minh, h> dd cdc khia cqnh khde cua mil quan hf ndy cd nhung myc Hdu, k l hoqch bd sung, hodn thifn Trong DTGV, thye tf p su phqm (TTSP) h?l TPT ed vl kjp thdl fri dfc bift vd dd, sy tham gia cua TPT frd 2) TPT nhu mdt kho tri th&c thi/c hin vi nghi, thdnh mdt xich thilt ylu Vdn d l dft Id Him ehua dyng rdt nhilu ylu td khdeh quan, sy vdt, ndng eua TPTfrongDTGV ed phdi ehl d vj fri eua hifn h«jng, cde mdi quan hf, cdc hoqt dfng, mft dja bdn TTSP cdn cd thi vuqt xa hon vd v.v thye dang diln hdng ngdy frong mdi ngayfrongTTSP cdn cd thi khoi thdc sdu thdm hon frudng nghl Vi dy: - Sy da dqng cua ede ehu khdng Bdi vilt xem xdt Him ndng TPT h> hip edn thi dang hoqt dfng vd phdtfrilnfrongmdi frudng phuong thuc DTGV theo djnh hudng nghidn cuu thye, boo gdm GV, hqc sinh (HS), edn bf qudn Vol frd Clio ihyc Hin TPT frong DTGV li, cho m? HS, ; - NhiJng ylu td qudn li, ehinh Trong chuongfrinhDTGV d nude ta cOng nhu sdch, dilu kifn, hodn cdnh, cy thi frong mft d cde nude, hqc phdn TTSP (duqc dung d l chi bdi cdnh ey thi eua nhd trudng, Idp hqc, HS, ; hinh thue hqc tf p eua sinh vidn (SV) tql cdc eo Cde md'l quan hf gido dye - nghl nghifp (cd sd gido dye) cd mft vj tri hit sue quon frqng h'nh td chi}c, h/ gide) vd ede mdi quan hf cd nhdn, Dilu ndy cd lldn quan vdi nhung y nghTa cOa lldn nhdn cdch (ed tfnh h; phdt) khde; - Nhung TPT frong vlfe phdt friln ndng lye nghl nghiep ylu to, thdnh phdn eua qudfrinhDTGV: chuong (NLNN) cho SV frinh, nfl dung ddo tqo chinh thue (dd duqc xdc / ; Thomas (2003) vf hvdng phd thdng Id «rf)/ djnhfrongcdc vdn bdn, tdi lifu) vd chuong frinh, hvdng tliu thg sdn phd'm' eua eo sd DTGV (1) ndl dung «6n" duqc bde If frong cde Hnh hudng, Vj fri ndy Idm cho TPT mong vj thi cua mdi trudng thdi dilm ciJa qud trinh dqy hqc thye diln ro nghl - phdn dnh nhimg mong dgi cua mdi hvdng hdnh ngdy cua Krng GV frong nhung thdl dilm, nghi ddl vdl sdn phdm cOa TSP; nghien cuu TPTbdi cdnh cy thi sd eho cdu frd Idi xdc thye cho TSP v l nhirng yiu dl ddy nhd'n mqnh TPT vdl vol frd cua ihgc cdu eg thivi ndng lyc hoqt dfng nghl nghifp d Hen gido dgc chdn ihi/c, boo gdm cd sy kifn, TPT Ndl cdch khde, myc Hdu ddo tao eua TSP se hifn hrqng vd nhOng kinh nghifm, edm xue, ddnh duqc phdn dnh dfrongchinh hoqt dfng vd nhung gid, cua cde ed nhdn frong mdi trudng cy thi mong dql d TPT dong diln hdng ngdy d nhd hvdng Nhu vdy, M f t khde, vdl tu cdch Id mdi hvdng nghl, TPT TPT chda dgng khdl ndl dung kli'n thuc //iyc llSn glO yaltrdva chuc ndng cua mdt don vi dinh gid *1niM{lfJk9CS«pkMilUN4i Tap chi Slao due so 293 (id i »/aon) vi nghi, bdn cqnh khil kiln thiJC li ludn frong nhCmg md'l quon hf edng vide vdl GV, HS vd nfl ede gidofrinhduqc dqy d TSP Thye tiln TPT duqc dung, chuongfrinhhqc tqp; - Gido sinh thye hifn nhdn mqnh d ed hai khfa cqnh: 1) Thye t l duqc nhung tdc dfng vdo thye Hin (thilt kl, td chuc, khdl qudt thdnh nhirng fri thue li ludn, khdl qudt thye hidn vd ddnh gid nhOng hrong tac hqc tf p hod (duqc dqy frong ede mdn hqc d TSP, 2) Tri eua HSfrongHnh hudng hqc tdp ey thi) d l hodn thue thye Hin (boo gdm nhung thdng Hn, kinh thdnh frdch nhifm su phqm; - Kit qud tac dfng nghifm, hidn hATng cuo thye tiln dang tdn tai ey vdo thye Hen cuo gido sinh mang Iql \g\ fch kdp: thi) t ^ l cdch khde, thye Hin ludn dn ehua nhung eho hqc tdp cua HS vd eho hqc nghl cOa bdn mdm mdng cuo kiln thuc, nhOng li thuylt mdi, y thdn gido sinh cung nhu nhirng ddng nghifp khde tudng mdi dang d dqng Him dn edn duqc khoi (sy thu nhdn kiln thuc, nhung edm nhfn,fryegldc sinh, duqc phdt hifn vd sy ddnh gid cuo gido sinh v l Idc ddng lin Hatch vd cdc tac gid (2005) cung dd chf //iyc lien, trin phdn dnh «/dm sdng*) NhOng phdn h'ehfrenddy dd chi ro Him ndng rdng, cdch md ngudi la suy ngSm vd dua gid ihuyit vi nhitng «vdn di cua ihgc Ilin" ihgc to kin eua thye tien TPT frong DTGV Khdng chi Irong mdi bd'l cdnh eg thi cd ihi tgo 'nhOng mong ngudn thdng Hn gid frj v l mong dql, ydu It ihuyil cd phgm vi nhd't djnh* md cdc nhd gido edu eua thj trudng nghl vdl sdn phdm ddo Iqo, dgc cd ihi klim Ira vd chdl lgc qua hdng loot thye Hin TPT edn chua dyng ngudn fri thuc nghl nhOng bdi cdnh khde (2) Dilu dd cd nghla,nghifp sinh dfng vd khd'ng Id (ed vdl tu cdch thye tiln nhd frvdng khdng chf thudn khilt Id hi>u hinh vd «dn') vd quon frqng hon, nd nhu thye Hin (nhu phqm fru dd'l If p vdl li luf n) md mft mdi frudng hrong tde nghl nghifp thye dl thye tiln sd Idm ndy sinh nhirng gid thuylt, li mdi gido sinh vd GV duqc frdi nghifm, suy ngSm thuylt (cd phqm vl nhd't djnh) d l h> dd xdy dyng, v l gid frj tde dfng nghl nghifp cuo minh vdl khdl qudt hod h> sy kilm fro qua nhllu bdi cdnh cdc ddl hrqng khde nhou (HS, Idp hqc, cfng khde nhou D l duqc nhu vfy, edn din sy «suy ddng vd cdc ddng nghifp, nhd frudng) Cdu hfl ngdm', «dua gid thuylt" cua nhung nhd hoqt df t ro Id Idm edeh ndo d l nhiing Him ndng df dfng thye Hin (boo gdm ed SV, GV, gidng vidn duqc khoi thdc vd ddng gdp hifu qud vdo ndng vd nnQng ngudi Idm cdng tac gido dye vd ddo coo chd't luqng DTGV vd chd't luqng gido dye ciJa nhd trudng? tgo khde) Nghidn cuu sy vf n dfng cua thye Hin 3) TPT nhu Id vbinh vi$n - ddo Igo nghi dgy hgc' nai SV ihgc hdnh cdc ihao tdc, hdnh dgngtnrdng hoc dudi tac dfng su phqm nghi nghiip vd phdi triin ndng It/c, linh edm nghi «Ng/i/dn cuu tdc ddng cdl Iqo ihi/c Ilin", ngbi$p Thuft ngir ôb^h viin ã ddo Igo nghi viit ldi NCTD (tid'ng Anh - action research) Id dgy hgc' duqc dung d l nhd'n mqnh din phuong mft phuong thOc nghidn ci/u dd xud't hifn h> thuc hqc h;ilfrvdnghqc, hqcfrdn«ldm sdng* vdl thdp kf 50 cuo thi kf frude vd frd ndn phi biln ede ddl hrqng cy ihl (duqc phdng theo md htnh khdng chf frong trnh vyc gido dye md cdn ddo h;io bde s7) (3) ddy ndl din vifc hqc nghl rdt nhllu cdc Irnh vyc kinh t l - xd hfl khde (4), (5) thdng qua kinh nghifm, qua frdi nghifm frong Guskey (2000) dd chi ro rdng,« Y hrdng vi NCTD mdifrudngthye, tuc Id hoc thdng qua nhOng hdnh Id cdch lot nhdt di xdc djnh vd diiu Ira nhChig dfng, tdc dfng, trdi nghifm vd suy ngam cuo vd'n di gido di/c Iql chinh not vd'n di dd xudt gido sinh hiin: Iql Idp hqc vd Iql hvdng hqc Thdng qua Nhu vfy, TPTid thye Hin khdeh quan vdn dqng viic h'eh hop nghiin cuu Idc ddng vdo cdc bdi vd phdtfri&idudi nhOng tdc dfng khde nhau, frong cdnh ndy vd di nhung ngudi dang hoqt ddng dd cd ed sy tham gta cuo chu thi nhf n thuc (SV) kong mdi hvdng dd iham gia vdo cdc hoql ddng Giii vol frd Clio ihi/c tiin mang Idc ddng cua chd nghiin cuv, cdc phdi hiinsi duqc dng di/ng ihi nhdn thuc, TPT boo gdm cd nhirng dd'u hidu lap hjc vd van di sS duqc gidi quyit nhanh han" cuo thye t l khdeh quan (odn ngodi ehu thi nhdn (6) Ap dyng NCTD vdo DTGV nhu thi ndo Id thue) vd thye tiln hdnh dfng, edm xue, kinh vd'n d l cdn xem xet nghifm cua chu thi nhfn thOc frong qud frinh Dqy hqc theo djnh hudng nghidn ciiu Id mft thye hifn nhOng hk dfng Dilu dd cd nghTo Id: phuong thirc hoc frong xu hudng Hch eye hod - Gido sinh Id thdnh phdn cuo bd'l cdnh ey thi, ed ngudi hqc, chuyin frqng tdm h> dqy frye Hip cdc Tap chi Slao due $6 (ki i • »/aoia) nfl dung, sy kidn song nhdn mqnh hon vdo vide col frqng kiln thue li thuylt don Id cua ede mdn ydu edu ngudi hqc frd thdnh «ngudl nghidn euu» hqe ridng rd, chu ylu diln ro hai gidng dudng h'eh eye Ldi dqy hqc theo hudng nghidn euu boo dql hqc, xa rdi thye tiln, tdeh rdi hqc vd hdnh dd gdm thdnh td co bdn: 1) Xdc djnh vd phdn loqi duqc thoy thi bdng ldi hqc tim tdi nghiin cuu vi cde vdn d l vd cdc cdu hdi; 2) Tim vd xu li thdng ihi/c Hen TPT vd col Irqng kii'n thdc ihi/c hin vOa Hn; 3) Ddo sdu hr vd hr llnh hoqt; 4) Rut phuc hqp vira cd y nghia ihiil ihi/c ro kit luqn hoy dp dyng vdo Hnh hudng mdi; Ldi hqe Hm tdi, nghidn ciru ddl hdi chu thi 5) Thdng Hn v l kit qud Nhu vdy, dqy hqc theo phdi xem xet, phdn tich kiln thirc frong nhCing hudng nghidn cuu sd thue dd'y sy phdt friln phOc md'l quon hf da ehllu vdl nhllu ylu td khde hqp nhllu kr ndng (7) nhou vd gdn vdl hodn cdnh vd dd'l Krqng cy thi Nhi/ng phdn tich frdn v l III dqy hqc bdng Vlfe ndy lidn quon din nfl dung chuong frinh nghidn ciru dd dua din gid thuylt rdng vifc dp vd vlfe td ehue ddo tqo d l SV khdm phd thye dyng cdch thue dqy hqc ndy d l edi tqo thye Hin Hin TPT theo hudng md ddn cd v l b l rf ng Idn dudi nhihig tac dfng su phqm sd cd khd ndng ehllu sdu eOng nhu tinh ehd't phuc tqp vd mue dua din phdt friln nghl nghifp GV (khdl nifm df SV tham glo vdo qud frinh Hm tdi, nghidn Hch hqp sy phdt friln eiia thye tiln vdl phdt friln cuu (h> don gidn din phi/c h?p, h> don If din cua li ludn, tu tudng, quon dilm gido dye, phdt phue hqp, h> duqc hudng ddn din ty lyc, dfe friln HS, SV, GV vd cde nhd gido dye) If p) Ndl cdch khde, mye tIdu ting thi vd nhirng O ddy, phuong thue dqy hqc theo hudng mye dich cy thi cOo qud frinh DTGV sd duqc cy nghidn euu frong DTGV se phdi cd dfe dilm thi hod bdng cdu frOc cuo hf thdng nhifm vy nghidn cuu tnyc Hin md SV sd thye hifn quo CO bdn sou: Ij Cdl Iqo ihi/c Ilin TPT nhu dudng chO h>ng don vj hqe tfp 3) Hqp tdc binh ddng, ddn chu glOa cdc ihdnh yiu di SV hqc vi nghi dqy hqc Dilu ndy djnh hudng d l SV hr vd hdnh dfngfrongbdi cdnh phdn iham gia vdo qud Irinh tiin hdnh NCTD cdl su phqm dong diln thye d l cdi Hin vd ndng h?o ihi/c hin trudng hqc Thdnh vidn tham gio cao chd't luqng dqy hqc eua nhd hvdng Nd ddl vdo qud frinh NCTD boo gdm cdc GV, HS, cdn hdi vifc cdl Hin thye Hin TPT phdi frd thdnh ddi bf qudn li, nhdn vidn cua frvdng thye tdp, SV, frrqng nghidn cuu We dfng cOo TSP (Hm kilm gidng vidn cuo TSP vd ed thi md rfng din nhifrig cdc vdn d l cOa thye Hin TPT, phdt hifn vd gidi thdnh phdn khdefrongcfng ddng, coquan qudn quylt ehung) Kit qud Id, vlfe dqy hqc d frudng li gido dye dja phuong Mdi thdnh vidn tham glo ngdy cdng duqc cdi thifn hon, gido dye nhd vdl nhung vol frd vd trdeh nhifm duqc giao eua hvdng frd ndn hifu qud hon (hk Id mang Iql kjri minh Ddy Id dilu kidn d l SV cd thi tham gio ich cho frudng, kip noi SV ihyc tf p) vd nhllu vdn vdo nghidn a/u h> nhifrig hqc ki ddu frong d l , kinh nghifm cuo thye tiln sd cd thi duqc tdng qud frinh ddo tao, tir thye hifn nhifrig nhldm vy hqp, khdi qudt d l Idm phong phu thdm li ludn don gidn nhu ghi chep quan sdt theo mdu din h/ hoy thuc ddy nghidn euu tao ro nhung tiln bf thilt k l cdng ey quon sdt, h> tdp hqp din tdng hqp vd phdn tich nhifrig thdng Hn, h> Idm theo chf cua khoo hqc gido dye vd khoa hqc su phqm 2) N f / dung, nhlim vy hqc cua SV su phqrn duqc c/yo hin viic lim ldi, nghiin cuu cdc vdn di cua thi/c Ilin hvdng hqc Vi thi, Hnh hudng, vdn d l eua thye Hin frd thdnh don vj hqc tdp v l nghl, gdn kit, tich hqp kiln thuc li ludn vdl thye Hin, gdn hqc li thuylt vdl thye hdnh (hifn nay, TTSP ehi gidi hqn nhifm vy cuo SVfrongvide dp dyng, lldn hf nhifrig kiln thirc dd hqc h> cde mdn hqe vdo thye Hin) Ndl cdch khde, thye tiln TPT frd thdnh dd'l tuqng d l nghidn euu, phdn h'eh, li gidl, edng nhdn vd tac dfng Dd'l hrong hqc (Id thye Hin TPT) duqc tdn hai frong tinh chfnh thi, phuc hqp, dfe ddo vd thye te Nhu vdy, vifc hqe Tap chi 61^0 due s6 (h i • »/aoia) ddn din h/ lyc Sy tham gio hqp hie cua cdc thdnh vidn h> hoi don vj ed chirc ndng GD-DT vi sy phdt friln ehung cua nghl dqy hqc dd ddm bdo eho sytangcudng hilu bilt, hd frq vd hqe tfp Idn frong hoqt dfng nghl nghifp Ddc bift, sy cfng tdc cdn tdng thdm «tal mdt" d l ndm bdt thye Hin, Idm eho nhihig tde dfng md nhd gido dye dua din HS sd duqc quan sdt, phdn h'eh vd ddnh gid mdt cdch khdeh quan h> nhung thdnh vidn eung tham gia Do dd, moi thdnh vidn sd ddnh gid duqc hidu lyc eua nhihig tac dfng vd ed nhihig li gidi phii hqp d l thye hifn nhung dilu chfnh hqc tdp vd tde dfng cho kip thdi Nhu vdy, sou qud frinh hqp tac NCTD, ede thdnh vidn vua ed duqc sy gdn kit frong cdng vifc vd quanfrqnghon, td't cd diu thu hoqch duqc nhihig kiln thue vd kinh nghifm nghl nghifp eOng nhu kT ndng nghidn ciru - gidi quylt vd'n d l Ndl edeh khde, NCTD cuo GV Idm eho thye Hin dqy vd hqc duqc ddl mdi, ndng lye vd sy hf Hn cua nhihig ngudi tham gia duqc phdt friln vd k^l ich cud'l cung Id hqc tfp cua HS ed Hinbf Ngudi ta col NCTD Id mft phdn frong phdt friln chuydn mdn cua GV frong thi ki 21 Tuy nhidn, sy hqptach; nguyfn vd edfrdchnhifm ed lldn quan din vlfe quy djnh, thi chi hod frdch nhifm nghidn ciru, cdl Hin thye Hin d cd gidng vidn vd GV Vi dy: hf thdng d l tai nghidn cuu cOa gidng vidn, eiia ede khoa hudng vdo phdt hifn vd gidi quy^ cdc vdn d l cua thye Hin TPT, hf thdng cdc bdi tdp nghidn cuu cuo SV frong TTSP tfp frung vdo cdc mdt cOa ddi sdng nhd hvdng, nhung ehu d l nghidn cuu sdng kiln, kinh nghifm cua GV phd thdng, sd Id co sd cho sy cfng tac giita cde thdnh vidn tham gia vdo qud frinh ddo tqo; cdc quy djnh v l nhifm vy cho cdc thdnh vidn frong hoqt dfng nghl nghifp (chudn nghl nghifp GV/gldng vidn, quy ehl, dilu If, quy djnh ddl vdl gidng vidn, gido vidn, SV, nhd frudng, ) sd khuyin khich gidng vidn khdng xo rdi thye t l phd thdng, GV phd thdng khdng ngifrig hqe tfp d l ndng coo hay nghl bqefrdnmft dien ddn kin Tuy nhidn, sy chuyin ddl sang phuong thire ddo tqo bdng nghidn ciru vdn dang edn din nhihig nghidn ciru vd ehia sd rf ng rdi d phqm vl qudc l l Bdi vilt chi chia sd mft vdl suy nghT budc ddu v l mft phuong dn dd'l mdi phuong thuc DTGV theo hudng nghidn euutacdfng edi too thye Hin hvdng hqc Ngudi vilt mong dql sy tdp hqp vd hqptaccuo cdc nhf su phqm, ede nhd gido dye, cdc cdn bf nghidn euu vd nhihig don vj, trung tam, vifn nghifn euu v l vd'n d l ndy Q (1) Thomas, E., Partnership and partnership change in teacher education Xem trong: RazdevCeli-Puico, C , Partnership in teacher education: are we speaking the same laguage? HOi nglii h^ng nam lin tliu 31 ciia ATEE (Association of Teacher Education in Europe); 2006 (2) Hatch, T \k cSc tiic gii Going Public with Our Teaching: An Anthology ofPractice Teachers college Press; 2005 (3) Darling-Hammon, L Teacher education and the American future Journal of teacher education 2010;61;35 SAGE; 2010 (4) Cohen, L; Manion, L v i Morrison, K., Research methods in Education S" edition London and New York: RoutledgeFalmer; 2000 (5) Voile, K Action research as a sustainable endeavor for teachers: does initial training lead lo further action? Action Research 2010, doi:10.1177/ 1476750309351358 (6) Dy in Vift - Bi, VIE 04 019 11, Ndng cao chdt Tdm kjii, vlfe chuyin ddi phuong thirc hqc nghl lufmg ddo tfio bdi duOng gido vien tiiu hoc vd trung ctki SV su phqm theo hudng NCTD cdl hjo thye hQC cos&cdc tinh miin niiiphta Bdc Vift Nam; 2009 Hin TPT dd nhdn mqnh vlfe hqc h>rfiychin, (7) Self, E., Using research based instruction (RBI) in rfiyc win vd vi sy phdi h-iin cua rfiyc Ilin TPT schools and classrooms Research Based Instruction Phuang thiie DTGV theo hudng nghidn cuu nhu vfy Revision #1, 10-26-11; 2011 sd mang din nhifrig kit qud tfch hqp «3 Irong 1" (ehdt luqng DTGV, sy Hin bf eua nghidn cuu khoa Tii lifu tham Vhio hqc gido dye vd su phqm ding thdl cd sy edi BO GD-DT, Trutmg D?j h(?c sir ph?m Hi Nfi CAMOTJ trinh ddo t^o d^i hQc, cao ddng theo hf thdng tin chi thifn thye Hin dqy hqe, nhd frudng, kit qud hqe Nien ichoS 2009-2013 tfp cua HS), dua d ^ sy phdt friln todn difn cua Vu, T Son Improving teaching and learning for nghl dqy hqc health in multigrade schools in Vietnam Luin in NhOng kinh nghifm cdi cdch DTGV cua Mr, Titfn si, Vifn Nghien c(hj Giio dye, Dji hpc London Phdn Lan vd nhllu nude khde theo hudng nghidn (ti€ng Anh); 2005 cuu dd duqc friln khai vd cd hifu qud rd rdt SUMMARY Mdi ddy, Hfi nghl qudc t l hdng ndm «TEPE 2011' The sctiool prachce Is a productive resource of (Cyc Chinh sdch DTGV d chdu Au} vdl chu d l academical end practical knowledge forpre-servlce «Ca/ cdch DTGV di/a hin nghiin cud' (tql Dql teactier's professional learning In collalx>ratlve achqc Vienna, Cfng hod Ao, 13-15/5) cho thd'y tion research with faculty and school-teachers for school improvements, student teachers'profession^ xu hudng ddl mdi ddo Iqo itieo hudng nghifn development occurs througtxxjt the process Inqulr/Ing ciru dd duqc Ufn minh chdu Au Iyo chqn d l bdn and solving real protilems ofsctiools Tap ehi Glao due so (id i - >/aoia) ... v l vd''n d l ndy Q (1) Thomas, E., Partnership and partnership change in teacher education Xem trong: RazdevCeli-Puico, C , Partnership in teacher education: are we speaking the same laguage?