JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci , 2014, Vol 59, No 6A, pp 54 62 This paper is available online at http;//stdb hnue edu vn NGHIEN COU TAC DONG (ACTION RESEARCH) TRONG DAO TAO GIAO VIEN Vu Th[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci., 2014, Vol 59, No 6A, pp 54-62 This paper is available online at http;//stdb.hnue.edu NGHIEN COU TAC DONG (ACTION RESEARCH) TRONG DAO TAO GIAO VIEN Vu Thi Sdn Vien Nghien cdu Suphgm, Tnfdng Dgi hpc Suphgm Ha Noi Tom tat Ddi mdi can ban va toan dien giao due va dao tao dang dat ra.nhfing cau hdi phflc tap ve phifdng thflc dao tao giao vien nham kit ndi va dap flng cai each nha uifdng phd thong PhUdng thflc dao tao giao vien bing ttm toi, cai tien thUc tiln giao due thong cd tilm nang to Idn khong chi cho sU hinh nang lUc va thai dp nghi nghiep cf sinh vien ma thong qua viec xay dUng cong ddng hoc lap gifla giang vien, sinh vien va giao vien nd cdn thiic day sU phat tnen ciia giao vien, EhUc Eiln day hgc va giao due cua trifdng phd thong vdi sU phat trien ciia li Iuan sif pham PhUPng thflc dao tao giao vien qua nghien ciiu tac dong la giai phap tich hdp cho cai each giao due va dao tao, Tif khda: Dao tao giao vien, nghien cflu tac dong, thifc tien phd thong Mb dau Doi mdi, nang cao chit lupng giao due dat nhflng yeu cau cap bach doi vdi dao tao giao vien (DTGV) Doi mdi DTGV thflc chat da gan lien vdi chat lUdng 'san pham dao tao' boat dpng thuc tien nghe nghiep tham gia vao life lupng lao ddng nghe Dieu dd phan anh mdi lien he phy thudc gifla giao dye phd thdng va DTGV Tuy nhien, radt cau hdi la phai chang ddi mdi, cai each radi quan he se la trgng tSm cho cai each DTGV Bai vilt dUa tren kit qua nghien cflu cua dl tai nghien cflu khoa hoc giao due B2009-17-175 vaB2011-17-CT cua chflng Edi se Era ldi cau hdi Noi dung nghien culu 2.1 Khai niem '^nghien CUU ' tac dong' Thuat ngfl "Nghien cflu tac ddng', viet tat NCTD (trong tieng Anh - action research) la mgt phfldng thflc nghien cflu cai Eao EhUc tien dUa tren nhflng tac ddng cai tiln cua nhflng ngUdi dang boat ddng thflc tiln dd, da dUdc Kurt Lewin dl xuit lin diu vao nam 1946 va den nd da trd nen phd bien linh vUc giao due va dao Eao giao vien (DTGV) [1] Tac gia Hen lac VQThi Son, diachie-mail-vusonlO]@gmall com Nghien cdu tdc dgng (action research) ddo tgo gido viin Trong phfldng thflc thflc tien chinh la ddi lUdng dUdc nghien cflu de thay dd'i, de cai tien, Iam cho nd tdt hdn len, phu hdp hdn va hieu qua hdn [2], Hdn nfla, ngfldi nghien cflu chinh la nhflng ngUdi dang hoat dpng d thUc tien dd (co the cd hoac khdng cd sU cpng Cac, hd Crd cfl nhflng chuyen gia nghien cflu ben ngoai), lira kiem giai phap cho nhflng vin dl raa hp dang gap phai, phac hien dfldc d chinh thuc Eiln cua nunh, ttm tdi nguyen nhan, each xfl li rdi lam thfl va danh gia de rdi rut nhflng bai hpc vl nhflng tac dpng len thuc ttin de phd biln, van dung sang nhflng hoan canh EUdng tu, pham vi khac, rdng hdn, khai quat hdn, Dilu cho Ehiy cai Eao thUc ttin la rapt qua trinh dfldc xay dflng va trien khai thuc hien mdt each can than dUa tten nhflng tinh toan, lap luan chat che va theo quy Erinh tflng bfldc, Nhflng kit qua, du cdng hay thit bai, rflt tfl qua trinh 'nghiSn cflu' nhfl vay la nhflng bai hpc va kiln thflc thflc tiln, cd y nghia doi vdi chinh ngfldi hoat ddng thflc tiln va cpng ddng cfla hp Mdt dac trUng cd ban khac ciia phUdng thflc nghien cflu tac dpng la sU cpng tac gifla nhflng ngUdi boat dgng thuc Eien radt cgng ddng, hg phoi hdp va hd Erp cho viec dua radi trUdng, td chflc cua ho trd nen tdt hdn Nhu the thdng qua qua trinh cai tien thuc tien ngUdi boat dgng thUc tien da thuc Men cac nhiera vy cua ngUdi nghien cflu Dieu dd cho thiy "hanh dpng cai tao thuc tien' va hanh ddng nghien cflu dflpc lien keE, gan chat vdi qua trinh nghien cflu tac ddng vao thuc Eien, tflc !a qua qua trinh NCTD Cohen va Manion (1994) da nhan dinh rang NCTD la rapt kieu nghien cflu hai hoac dgng vdn tach biec, hanh dgng va nghien cflu, cung gan lai vdi thdng qua qua Erinh nghien cflu cai Eao EhUc tien [3] Guskey (2002) da chi rang "Y tUdng ve NCTD la each tdt nhat de xac dinh va dieu tra nhflng van de giao dye tai chinh ndi van de dd xuit hien: tai ldp hpc va tai trUdng hpc Thdng qua viec tich hpp nghien cflu tac ddng vao bdi canh va de nhflng ngUdi dang hoat dpng mdi trfldng dd thara gia vao cac boat ddng nghien cflu, cac phat hien se dUdc flng dung lap tflc va vin de se dfldc giai quyet nhanh hdn" [4;3] Nhu vay, gan ket gifla nghien cflu va hanh dgng cho myc Cieu cai Cao thflc Cien nhfl la thudc cinh cua NCTD Vin de dat la sfl ket ndi li lulin va thflc tien, nghien cflu va hanh ddng Crong NCTD cd Cac dyng Che nao ddi vdi viec hoc tap va phac trien nang lUc nghi nghiep cua giang vien va sinh vien sU pham ndi rieng va phat Erien nghe sfl pham ndi chung? 2.2 Thtfc tien giao due thong - nguon tri thii'c nghe Trong ChUdng Erinh dao tao giao vien (CTDTGV) hgc phin ThUc hanh, thUc tap sfl pham (TTSP) la hgc phin cdt loi va dupc ca cac giang vien, giao vien va sinh vien sU pham xem nhU giai doan dac biet cho viec xay difng hieu bieE, kT nang va tinh cam nghi nghiep, Dd'i mdi DTGV theo hUdng phat trien nang lUc nghi nghiep (NLNN) ddi hdi qua trinh hoc tap EhUc ti6n va ve thUc Cien nghe nghiep phai dUdc Chay doi moE each cd ban khdng chi ve npi dung raa ca ve phUdng thflc, each hpc, O day vai trd cua thUc tien trUdng phd thdng can dUdc nhin nhan va khai thac tfl nhieu gdc do, khia canh khac [6] 55 Tnfdc hit thUc tiln trudng phd Ehdng la phin minh boa thUc te cho nhflng kien thflc li luan ndi dung chUPng trinh DTGV, tflc la nhflng tri thflc da dupc he thong boa li luan sU pham (nhflng quan diera, li thuyet, kiln thflc va phUdng phap sfl phara, , cd lien quan den nghe day hgc) Day la phin tri thflc h luan, ban lam Dieu nhin raanh tinh chit toan ven cua tri thflc nghi nghiep, chfla dung ca tri thflc \i luan - cai thupc ve khoa hpc sfl pham va tri thflc thUc tiln - cai chudc vl ddi sdng smh ddng dang diin raoi trUdng nghi nghiep, Ndi each khac, thUc tien phd thdng lam mat Ehfl hai cua kiln thflc li luan khoa hpc sfl pham Thuc Eiln ttUdng phd Ehdng chfla dung rit nhilu ylu td khach quan, sUvat, hien tudng, cac chu the va cac mdi quan he, cac boat dgng nghe nghiep, v.v dang dien thUc Crong moi trUdng nghi nhU: - Sfl da dang cua cac chu the dang boat ddng va phat trien mdi CrUdng Chflc, bao gdm cac giao vien, hgc sinh, can bg quan li, cha rae hgc sinh, - Nhflng ylu td quan li, chinh sach, dilu kien, hoan canh, cu the radt bdi canh cy the cua nha trfldng, ldp hgc, hgc sinh, - Cac radi quan he giao dye - nghe nghiep (cd tinh td chflc, tU giac) va cac mdi quan he ca nhan, lien nhSn each (cd tinh tU phat) khac - Nhflng yeu td, phin cua qua trinh DTGV chudng trinh, ndi dung dao tao chinh Ehflc (da dfldc xac dinh trdng cac van ban, tai lieu) va chfldng Erinh, npi dung 'an' dfldc bdc 16 Erong cac tinh hudng, thdi diem cua qua trinh day hpc thuc diln hanh cua tflng GV nhflng thdi diera, boi canh cu the Diem nhin raanh trudng phd thdng d khia canh da dupc phan anh, khai quat nhflng tri thflc \i luan, quan diera, khai niera cac mon hoc CTDTGV Nhfl vay, thUc tien trUdng thdng nhU mdt minh boa thUc te cho nhUng kien thflc li luan CTDTGV, gifl vai trd cua thuc tl giao dye chuan mUc dang ton tai khach quan dfldc phan anh kien Ehflc li lu^n, hpc thuyet, khoa hgc giao dye va khoa hgc sU phara, Thd hai, thUc Eien ErUdng phd Ehdng nhU radt tdn tai khach quan, hien thuc khach quan dang van dgng va phat Erien cac hoan canh cy the Day la nhflng tri thflc thflc tien dang ton tai cac hoat dgng nghe nghiep dien hang (tri thflc ton tai d dang hanh dong thflc tien cua ca nhan hoac nhdm va da hoac/va chfla dfldc khai quat hoa de Erd If luan sU phara) Day la phan tri thflc hanh dgng khach quan, tflc la cd the quan sat dfldc Dilu cd nghia la trfldng phd Ehdng chfla dung ca nhflng chfldng trinh, ndi dung dao tao chinh thflc (da dudc xac dinh cac van ban, tai lieu hgc tap) va chfldng trinh, ndi dung 'an' dfldc bdc 16 cac tinh hudng, thdi diem ciia qua trinh day hpc thUc te diln hang cua tflng giao vien nhflng thdi diem, bdi canh cu the TrUdng thong nhU vfiy gifl vai trd cua thUc tien giao due chan thUc, bao gdra ca sfl kien, hien EUdng va nhflng kinh nghiem, cam xflc, danh gia, cua cac ca nhan radi trfldng cu the dang diln hang d nha trUdng Ci day, trUdng thdng mdi dflng nghia la thUc te, chfla dflng nhieu van de de ren luyen nhan each, phat Erien li luan va phat hiln, sang tao nhflng kiln Ehflc, II thuyet radi Thic ba, trfldng phd thdng vdi tfl each la EhUc tien khach quan van dpng va phat trien 56 Nghien ciiu tdc dgng (action research) irong ddo tgo gido vtin dudi nhflng tac dpng khac nhau, dd cd ca sU thara gia cua chu Ehe nhan thflc Dieu de nhin manh den vai trd khong chi cua sinh vien, giao vien va giang vien (nhfl nhflng chu the nhan thflc) thflc hien cac tac dpng khac nhflng hoan canh cy the Day la nhflng tri thflc kinh nghiem cua ban than mdi Ehanh vien (nhflng Eri thflc raang tinh chii quan cua ca nhan moi giao vien - la nen tang cho hoat dpng nghe nghiep cua ca nhan) DSy la phan Cri thflc cua ca nhan, chu quan Trudng phd thdng nhu vay se gifl vai trd cua thUc tien mang tac dgng cua chu the nhan thflc, bao gdm ca nhflng diu hieu cua thflc tl khach quan (ben ngoai chu Ehe nhan thflc) va thUc tien hanh dgng, cam xflc, kmh nghiem cua chu the nhan thflc Erong qua trinh EhUc hien nhflng Eac dong Ndi Edm lai, trfldng phd Ehdng thara gia vao DTGV khdng chi nhfl mdt moi Erfldng sdng dgng vl hoc sinh, giao vien, quan he thiy - Erd, vl hgc Eap, ttnh ddng nghiep, ,, cd lien quan vdi nhflng kien thflc \i thuylt da hgc ma cdn la radt hdp phin ngi dung mang nhflng kien thflc thflc tten ve nghe day hpc, dang cdn chfla dUng nhieu dieu cin dUpc kham pha, phat hien Hdp phin ndi dung cua cac kien thflc thflc tien vl nghe vfla bd ich cho ngfldi hoc chiera Iinh nhflng hien tfldng, kinh nghiera phong phu ve nghe, vifa ia radi trUdng nudi dudng cho nhflng ttm tdi, phat hien vii tien bd mdi cua khoa hpc NhU vay, thUc Cien trUdng phd' thdng gifl vai trd nhu mdt hdp phan td ndi dung CTDTGV Thflc Eien ErUdng phd thong Eao Ehanh mpE khdi kien Ehflc,rapEraiiEnpi dung hpc tap dac thii (khi so nd vdi khdi ngi dung li thuyet ve nghe), Phin ndi dung gan vdi viec hpc ciia sinh vien d ErUdng phd thdng, giai doan TTSP, Vi the, trUdng thdng can dUdc khai thac tren nhieu binh dien va raflc khac tham gia vao DTGV, cy the la, (1) nhu la mdi trUdng de SV tira hieu ve nghe (chfla dung nhflng tUdng Cac cua SV vdi cac kiln Chflc nghi), (2) nhu la nhflng ndi dung hoc tap (chfla dflng nhflng kiln thflc, md hinh hanh ddng nghe nghiep cin dupc chiem ITnh); (3) la 'cdng trfldng' de SV tien hanh nhflng tac dpng vao thuc tien ma qua ren luyen va trai nghiem nhflng boat ddng nghe nghiep (d day ndi din viec hgc qua thflc hanh, thuc tap giang day va giao dye) Vi Ehi, vdi muc tteu phat Erien nang lUc hoat dgng nghe nghiep cdt Idi d ngudi giao vien, Ehflc tten nghi d trfldng phd thdng chinh la 'rapt loai hpc lieu dac biet' cho giao sinh hgc va ren luyen tay nghe va trai nghiera nhflng cam xflc nghe nghiep 2.3 Xay dufng tri thu'c ngh6 bang nghien ciiu thtfc tien thong Vdi muc dich phaE trien nhan thflc, kl nang va thai nghe nghiep thdng qua tim hieu ve thflc tiln giao dye nha trfldng, hen he kiln Ehflc li luan vdi thflc tien va thflc hanh cac cong viec ciJa ngfldi giao vien, CTDTGV hpc phin TTSP gifl vai trd dac biet quan trpng Dieu dd cd nghTa la TTSP la giai doan sinh vien hoc Chflc Cien giao dye phd thdng Vi thi, cac phfldng phap hpc qua quan sal, phan tich, Erao dd'i, hpc hdi va thflc hanh, trai nghiera, phan hdi, suy ngira dUdc xera nhfl nhflng phfldng phap hpc dac Erflng cua sinh vien Erong TTSP Trong chfldng trinh khung dupc Bd Giao dye va Dao tao ban hanh theo Chong tu 57 sd 2S/2006/QD-BGDDT 28 Chang nam 2006 cho khdi nganh Sfl pham trinh dai hpc [5], TTSP la mdt hdp phin, chiira 10 ddn vi hpc trinh (trong tdng s6 210 ddn vi hgc trinh, chfla ke din 165 tiet giao dye qudc phdng va giao due the chit), tflc la chiem khoang 4.7% khdi lUdng loan chUdng trinh, Hien nay, Irong khung chUdng ttinh cua cac nganh sU pham cua ttUdng DHSP Ha Ndi, TTSP gdm ddn vi: kiln tap sU pham (vao hpc ki 3), TTSP I (vao hpc ki 6) va TTSP (vao hgc ki 8) Day la giai doan sinh vien hpc nghi tai trUdng phd thdng dUdi sU hUdng din chu ylu cua giao vien phd thdng cd kinh nghiem dupc lUa chpn va giang vien phy trach doan TTSP d radi trUdng/cym trfldng So tin chi cho cac dpi TTSP lin Ifldt cho tflng ddt la tin chi - tin chi va tin chi Crong tdng sd khoang 130 Cin chi cho loan klioa DTGV trung hgc Chit lUdng DTGV ndi chung va TTSP ndi rieng dang la van de bi phe phan nghiera khac va nhilu nguyen nhan dUdc chi Erong cac nghien cflu va cac bao cao y kiln chia se tfl cac sinh vien, giang vien, giao vien va cac can bg quan II giao due va dao tao doi vdi CTDTGV nhU Chieu dinh hudng phat Crien nang lUc nghi nghiep cho sinh vien, chua chfl trgng dung raflc vl thdi lUdng va khdi lUPng hoc tap va ve thUc Cien, va qua ChUc hanh, Crai nghiem, dac bieC nhflng phfldng phap hpc cIch cflc, chu dong cdn chUa dUdc sfl dung Crong DTGV, v v day se de cap Chera vl each hgc ttong thUc tien nghe Dieu cd lien quan din viec nhin nhan vl sU phaE trien nang life can thieE de lara nghe sU pham Nghiep vu cua ngudi giao vien khong the hoc chi bang viec thUc hanh di thUc hanh lai nhflng thao tac, lam nhieu lin de cd ki nang, kT xao day hpc vi ngUdi giao vien khdng chi thao tac vdi nhflng kien thflc thja^n raa cong viec chi'nh la to chflc cac tinh hudng de hpc sinh thao tac vdl kiln Ehflc raa lfl dd phat trien nhan each cua rainh Vi the, hoc tap va ren luyen cua ngfldi giao sinh de cd nhflng nang lflc can thiet phai dfla tren nhan thflc khoa hgc, Cfl II luan ve sU phat Crien cua Cre va cac phUdng Chflc Cac dgng din hoc Cap cua tre era, trai nghiera va ChUc hanh phan ttch sSu sac nhflng ket qua Cac dpng den hpc Cap va Chay ddi cua Cre era (la qua Crinh phan ttch rapt each cd can cfl de cfl dd rflc ra/chiet suit nhflng kiln thflc tfl chinh Erai nghiem/kinh nghiem cua rainh), Vi Ehe, hpc li luan ddi hdi phai dfldc ddi chilu bang thflc ttin quan sat, suy luan, trai nghiem, so sanh, thUc hanh va suy ngim nhflng mdi irudng nghe thflc, sinh dgng, Ndi each khac, hoc thflc Cien, ve thflc tien va thflc hanh sfl pham cin nhflng phUdng phap hpc dac Chu, va quan Crpng hdn, ngUdi hgc phai tich lfly dfldc he thdng tri Chflc va gia Cri, cam xuc nghi cho rieng rainh de xay dUng nhflng chiln lUpc, each Chflc hanh dpng, flng xfl phfl hdp vdi tinh each cua ban than rainh va vdi hoan canh vi khdng cd radt Idp hoc nao gidng ldp hpc nao, khdng cd hpc sinh nao gidng hpc sinh nao Dieu de nhin manh den each hpc phfl hdp cho sinh vien giai doan hgc nghe cin dfldc quan Cam va thuc day tfl diu day quan niem tn chflc nghe la he chdng tri chflc dang Con tai nghe day hgc, giai Chich cho sU van ddng va phat Crien cua Chflc ciln nghi nghiep Tri Chflc nghe Con tai d ca dang: (1) Nhung tti thflc da dfldc he thdng boa II luan sU pham (nhflng quan diera, 11 Ehuylt, kiln thflc va phUdng phap sU pham, cd lien quan den nghe day hoc) Day la phin tri thflc li luan ban lam cua khoa hgc sU pham; (2) Nhflng tri thflc thflc tien Nghien cifu tdc dpng (action research) ddo tgo gido viin dang ton tai cac hoat dpng nghe nghiSp dien hang (tn thflc tdn tai dang hanh dgng ChUc tiln cua ca nhan hoac nhdra va chua dUdc khai quat boa de trd II luan sU pham) Day la phin tri thflc hanh ddng khach quan, tflc la cd the quan sat dfldc Day la phin tri thflc hanh dpng cua nghi sU phara thUc tien; (3) NhOng tri thflc kinh nghiera cua ban Ehan mdi giao vien (nhiing cri thflc mang cinh chu quan cua ca nhan moi giao vien - la nen Cang cho hoaC dgng nghe nghiep cua ca nhan Day la phin tri thflc cua ca nhSn, chu quan mang cinh kinh nghiem rieng Qua Crinh hoc Cap cua mdi ngUdi la qua trinh chuyen hda lien tuc tri thflc khoa hpc va tri Chflc hanh dgng (nhflng Chanh Ed bSn ngoai) de Ehanh tri chflc kinh nghiera cua ca nhan (yeu td ben trong, chu quan) va khdng ngflng nang cao, PhUPng thflc hgc bang tim tdi, khara pha giao due dfldc dac trUng bdi nhflng yeu ciu daE chd ngUdi hpc phai tU kham pha va xay dUng kiln thflc tfl nhflng tinh hudng cu the, Phfldng thflc hgc da khang dinh tinh Uu viet Erong viec phaC huy linh chu dgng, tich cue, sang Cao cua ngUdi hoc viec kiln tao kien thflc ren luyen ki nang, tu - phe phan va hieu biet EhUc te Dieu dd cd nghia la nhflng tinh huong sU phara chfla dUng nhflng gia tri, nhflng tri thflc can thiet cho ngUdi hgc khara pha va chiera linh, TUdng EU nhu vay, thUc cien trUdng phd thdng vdi nhflng phan tich d tren la kho tang Eri Ehflc nghe nghiep muon mat ddi sdng hang ngay, ca d dang tudng minh va ca d dang Ciem in Van de dat la each thflc nao de nhflng tri thflc, gia tri nghe nghiep dfldc nhflng ngfldi tham gia khai thac va lam phong phu nang life cua ban than Sd dd tri thflc nghe dfldi day gidi Ehieu Edm tat mgt phUOng thflc dao tao nghe dfla tren tira tdi, nghien cflu tfl ChUc Eien giao dye phd Ehdng, Trong sd dd thUc Cien phd Chdng Crong giai doan TTSP dfldc rao Ca bang hinh d van chfla dflng nhflng nhiera vu Cim cdi, nghien cflu cho giao sinh ve nghe, bao gora nhflng van de cua thuc le nha trfldng, phfldng phap tac dgng din hgc sinh Erong nha trUdng va nhflng keE qua daE dupc tfl nhflng tac dpng din hpc sinh (vdi Efl each la nhflng ca nhan va Cap the) Cac chu de tira tdi, nghiin cflu Cfl 'van de' den 'phUdng phap' va 'keC qua' cang trd nen phflc tap, khd khan Mflc dp phflc tap cua cac nhiem vy hpc Cap cung dupc Chay ddi Eheo ddi EUdng nghien cflu (ddn ie, Cach biet hay nhflng mdi quan he, nhflng tac ddng qua lai ciia nhieu bien sd khac nhau, ddng thdi) va each thflc thuc hien (ca nhan, nhdra; tflng phin rieng Ie hay cgng tac hoac toan ven) va vdi sU hd trd tfl giao vien, giang vien, v,v Dieu quan trgng la vai trd cua giao sinh qua trinh nghien cflu cang dfldc nSng cao, Cfl ngfldi quan sat Ehanh ngfldi Ehara gia vao qua trinh cai Cien ChUc Eien day hpc, cdng tac ldp hpc, nha trUdng Nhu vay, theo nhiem vy hpc Eap dUdc giao cac ttnh hudng, van de cua EhUc tien trd ddn vi hpc ttlp vl nghi, gan kit, tich hdp kiln thflc li luan vdi thflc liln, gan hoc li thuyet vdi thUc hanh (Dieu khdng ban che chi viec ap dung, lien he nhflng kien thflc da hpc tfl cac mdn hpc vao EhUc Cien) Ci day ddi lUdng hgc nghe (la thUc tien trUdng hgc) dupc Edn tai tinh chinh the, phflc hdp, dpc dao va cy the Nhu vay, chuyen viec hoc coi trpng kien thflc II thuyet ddn le cua cac radn hpc neng re, chu yeu dien tai giang dudng dai hgc, xa rdi EhUc Eien; Each rdi hpc va hanh sang ldi hpc ttm tdi nghien cflu ve Ca nhan '''f!''^ nRhiep 5tf dd I Tri thiic nghe - Mo hinh phuang thiic dao tgo bang tim toi, nghien ciiu thflc tiln trudng thdng va coi trgng kiln thflc thflc tiln Dilu cho thiy thUc Eiln giao dye vfla rad kha nang de ngfldi hpc ket noi, li giai nhflng kien thflc da hgc vfla de kham pha EhUc ttin, phat hien nhflng van de cung nhfl nhflng quan he, quy luat mdi, rieng bieE thflc tien trfldng hgc, Ldi hgc ttra tdi ddi hdi chu the phai xem xet, phan tich kien thflc Crong nhflng radi quan he da chieu vdi nhieu ylu td khac va gan vdi hoan canh va ddi CUdng cu Che day se lien quan den ndi dung chUdng Crinh va viec to chflc dao Cao de sinh vien kham pha Chflc Cien crfldng hpc Eheo hfldng md rdng dan ca ve be rdng va chieu sau cung nhfl cinh chic phflc Cap va mflc dp sinh vien Eham gia vao qua Erinh Eim Cdi, nghien cflu Ndi each khac, muc Eieu Ed'ng the va nhflng rauc dich cu Che cua qua trinh DTGV se dfldc cu the hoa bing can true ciia he thdng nhiem vu nghien cflu thUc Eiln ma sinh vien se thflc hien qua tflng ddn vi hpc tap Erong sudE qua Erinh dao tao Ba cip do, chu de nghien cflu chinh CTDT la nghien cflu vin dl, phUdng phap va kit qua Ba mflc cang ddi hdi tinh tdng hdp, phan tich cac radi quan he ITnh vflc giao due 2.4 Xay dtfng cong dong hoc tap qua nghien ciiu tac dong thtfc tien thong Su lien ket gifla TSP va TPT Crong he thdng giao due gifl vai Crd quan Ergng viec thuc day sfl phat trien cua ca DTGV va GDPT, cho phat ttien nghe nghiep [7] (Khai niem PTNN-GV da bao ham ca sfl phat ttien cua giao vien, xa hdn nfla la sfl phat Crien cua Chflc tiln day hgc cua giao vien tren Idp va kit qua hpc tap cua hpc sinh, vfla dl cap den sfl phat trien cua II luan, quan diem, each nhin giao due) Mdi quan he Crach nhiem gifla TSP va TPT se giai quyeC dUdc nhieu van dl giao dye va dao tao hien nhfl dao tao sinh vien vdi bdi dudng giao vien crong cac CrUdng TTSP, gan hgc Cap bang nghien cflu vdi qua Crinh cai ciln ChUc Cien giao due Trong thuc tl mdi lien he dang chUa Cao nhflng dilu kien cin EhilE cho sU phat trien chung thilu cd che de lien kit va sfl tich hdp cac nhiem vu giao due va dao tao Tfl phan Eich nhflng gia tri cua thUc tiln phd' thdng ddi vdi DTGV va flu thi cua phUdng thflc dao tao bang nghien cflu, cd the di din 60 Nghiin cdu tdc dpng (acdan research) irong ddo tgo gido vien radt tien de la cpng Eac nghien cflu tac ddng EhUc tien phd Ehdng la ddn bay cho nhflng cai each ddng bd giao due va DTGV Ci day sif cdng tac dUdc the hien Eren nhilu phUPng dien, khia canh va mflc dp khac Cu Ehe: ThUc tien nha trUdng can dUdc xera la phan ndi dung hoc tap chu yeu va nen tang DTGV Dilu nhin manh den sU kit ndi chac che hpc li luan sU phara vdi hgc ve thUc Eien nghe nghiep, hgc va hanh thUc Eiln Thuc tten nha trUdng trd ddi tUdng dUdc nghien cflu dc phat Erien II Iuan giao dye va khoa hgc sfl pham, ddng thdi de cai tao, doi radi, hoan Ehien nd day Ehflc ttin trfldng hgc cin dUdc xem xet d trang thai van ddng va phat trien Tim tdi va thuc day sU thay ddi ciia thdc tien se din din sfl phat trien li luan, khoa hoc giao due de lfl dd thuc day sU phat Crien cua IhUc tien DTGV va khoa hgc sU pham, Su cpng tac, hd trp gifla cac thiet che, cac vien Cham gia vao hoac ddng nghe, trfldc bet la giao vien, sinh vien va giang vien Erong phat trien thUc tiln nghi nghiep Dieu nhin manh den viec thu hut cac Ehanh vien vao qua trinh hpc tSp va phat trien nang lflc nghe nghiep qua nghien cflu eai tao thflc tien ma nhd dd, cac vien Efl hai hay nhilu ddn vi cd chflc nang giad due va dad tao se cd sU hieu biet, hd Erd va hpc tap lan Erong boat ddng nghe Giao sinh qua viec hpc thdng qua cdng tac nghien cflu cai tao Ehflc tien phd thdng se hpc tu va hanh ddng bdi canh sU pham Ehuc dang dien nhu nhflng chu nhSn (khdng phai nhfl nhflng ngfldi ngoai den quan sat) cd trach nhiem vdi nha trUdng, hgc sinh Qua trinh cung nghien cflu va giai quyet vin de cua EhUc tien, sU chia se y kiln, quan diera va kinh nghiem ca nhan vi muc dich chung se gan ket cac vien va kich thich sU hoc tap lan he£ sflc EU nhien va tich cflc Dac biet sfl cpng tac cdn Eang Ehem tai mat de nam bat thflc lien, lam cho nhflng tac ddng raa nha giao due dfla den hoc sinh se dfldc quan sat, phan tich va danh gia rapt each khach quan tfl nhflng vien cung tham gia Do dd, radi vien se danh gia dUPc hieu lflc cua nhflng tac ddng va cd nhflng li giai phu hdp de thflc hien nhflng dilu chinh hgc tap cho phu hdp Day la qua trinh suy ngira va EU ve thUc tien tac ddng, qua Erinh tU bac cao de phat hien, sang tao nhflng 'cai radi' va dfla lai sU phaE Erien cho mdi Ehanh vien tham gia NhU vay, sau qua trinh hdp tac NCTD cac vien vfla cd dUdc sU gan kit cdng viec va quan trgng hdn, tit ca deu thu hoach dUdc nhflng kiln thflc va kinh nghiem nghi nghiep cung nhu kT nang nghien cflu - giai quyet vin dl cho rieng minh Ndi each khac, NCTD cfla giao vien Iam cho thflc tien day va bpc dfldc dd'i radi, nang lflc va su tu tm cua nhflng ngfldi tham gia dfldc phaE ttien va hpc Eap cua hgc sinh cd dUdc sU tiln bd, nghi sU phara cang nang cap hdn Kit luan Tdm lai, viec chuyen dd'i sang phUdng Ehflc hoc nghi cua sinh vien sU pham theo hudng NCTD cai tao thUc tiln nha trUdng da nhin manh viec hgc Cfl thuc lien, thUc tiln va vi sU phaE Erien cua EhUc tiln nha ErUdng PhUdng thflc DTGV theo hudng nghien 61 cflu nhu viy se mang den nhflng kit qua ttch hdp "3 1", bao gdm ca chat lUdng DTGV, ca SU Eien bg cua nghien cflu khoa hoc giao dye vii sU phara, ddng thdi ca sU phat trien cua giao vien va thUc tien day hoc cua nha trfldng TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Volk, K., 2010 Action research as a sustainable endeavor for teachers: does initial training lead to further action? Action Research 2010, doi'10.! 177/1476750309351358 [2] Vu Thi Sdn, 2005 Improving leaching and learning far health in mulligrade schools in Vietnam University of London Instttute of EducaEion (Institute of Educatton, University of London, 2005) [3] Cohen, L ; Manion, L.; Morrison, K., 2000 Research methods in Education Fifth editton, Routledge Palmer, London and New York [4] Guskey, R T, 2002 Professional development and teacher change Teacher and teaching: theory and practtce Vol.8, No 3/4, 2002 Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis Ltd [5] Bd GD-DT, 2006 Bp Chudng trinh khung gido due dgi hoe, khdi ngdnh sU pham trinh dp dai hoc Ha Ngi, 2006 [6] Lampert, M,, 2010 Learning teaching in, from, and for practice whal clo we mean? Journal of teacher education 2010;61;2I www.jte,sagepub.com [7] Zeichner, K., 2010, Rethinking the eonnections between Campus courses and field experiences in College -and Univer.sity-ba.sed teacher education Journal of teacher education 61(1-2) 89-99 SAGE 2010 AACTE www.jte.sagepub.com ABSTRACT Action research in teacher education The reform of education and teacher education raises a huge nuraber of questions that must be addressed Action research-based teacher education is promising in that it siraultaneously promotes a coraprehensive developraent of preservice and inservice teacher competence, teaching practices and pedagogy knowledge Action research-based teacher educatton is an integrattve solutton Eo education and teacher education reforra ...Nghien cdu tdc dgng (action research) ddo tgo gido viin Trong phfldng thflc thflc tien chinh la ddi lUdng dUdc nghien cflu de thay dd''i,... rieng va phat Erien nghe sfl pham ndi chung? 2.2 Thtfc tien giao due thong - nguon tri thii''c nghe Trong ChUdng Erinh dao tao giao vien (CTDTGV) hgc phin ThUc hanh, thUc tap sfl pham (TTSP) la hgc... trfldng phd thdng vdi tfl each la EhUc tien khach quan van dpng va phat trien 56 Nghien ciiu tdc dgng (action research) irong ddo tgo gido vtin dudi nhflng tac dpng khac nhau, dd cd ca sU thara gia