IQQ NGHIEN cuu THirC TRANG THIET Bj DAY HOC DOI VAl HOC SINH KHUYET TAT T l iu HOC Thilt bj day hoc vdi qui trinh nhin thtfc ciia hpc sinh khuylt t i t (HSKT) d p Tilu hoc Khi HSKT bj khilm khuylt v l[.]
IQQ NGHIEN cuu THirC TRANG THIET Bj DAY HOC DOI VAl HOC SINH KHUYET TAT Tliu HOC PGS.TS LE VAN TAC - TbS NGO THI KIM THOA Trung lam N i k l l i cilu Giio due BUc bl$t Thilt bj day hoc vdi q u i trinh nhin thtfc ciia hpc sinh khuylt t i t (HSKT) d p Tilu hoc Khi HSKT bj khilm khuylt v l mpt giic quan nio dd hole han ehl v l chde ning mdt hay mdt sd giic quan thi cic em se bj thilu hut mdt lupng thdng tin cim tinh ding kl Vdi nhdng trl dilc siu, gin nhu mit toin bd kenh thdng tin bing thinh giic; trl mu mit di k^nh thdng tin thj giic; trl khuylt tit tri tui khdng bj khilm thinh hay khilm thj song rlt thilu su tinh nhay tri giic nghe vi nhin (do tinh dilu khiln, ehi phdi eda tU ddi vdi qui trinh niy rlt kem khiln eho nhilu trl nghe, nhin mi nhu ehlng nhin dilu gi d); O l ed dupe nhdng bilu tupng dly dd chin thue v l d e su vit hiln tUong hiln thue khieh quan, HSKT d n phii huy dpng sir phdi hpp ehde ning cda tit ei eie giic quan"bu trd" Chinh vl viy thilt bj day hpe (TBOH) ed vai trd quan trpng die bilt day hpe ddi vdi HSKT "TBDH li thuit ngd ehl mdt vat thi hole tap hpp ddi tuong vlt chat mi ngudi giio viln sd dung vdi tu eich l i phuong tiln dilu khiln hoat ddng nhin thde eda HS, ddi vdi HS thi dd li eie ngudn tri thdc, li d c phuang tlln gidp HS linh hdi cic khii nilm, djnh luit, thuylt khoa hpe v.v hinh d hp d c kT ning, ki xio, dim bao vile giio due, phuc vu mue dleh day hpe v i giio due" Nhd cd thilt bj day hpc mi HS tdng budc tham gia d l ding hon dudng nhin thdc Hilu qui eda cic tic ddng day hpe dd tie dpng ddng thdi din tit ei d c giic quan B Maskey, J.Collum: Concept card da ed kit luan nhu sau: tl I I luu gid thdng tin thdng thudng tri nhd ngudi hpe thdng qua cieh tilp nhin Sau g i * Cich tiep nhin Sau ngiy 30% 60% 10% 20% 80% Nghe Nhin (hinh i n h , su vat hien tuang,~) Ket hop nghe v i nhin 90% Nghe, nhin v i hinh dong 80% 70% ' Trin Ki«u - Vu Trpng Ry, TBOH vdi v i ^ ddi mdi chUOng trinh SGK phd thdng.T^pchlTT KHGD sd 86/2001 24^KHOikHQCGlA0DVC Rd ring, d n huy ddng dupc nhilu giic quan eung nhU cie chde n i n g t i m li d p cao khic tham gia v i o q u i trinh linh hdi tri thdc thi hilu q u i eda hoat dpng niy t i n g l l n mdt eich ro rlt, Sd dung TBDH q u i trinh day - hpe l i eon dudng kit hpp chit chegida eii eu t h i v i cii trdu tupng, bing hinh ddng v i t chat b i n g ngdn ngd b i n ngoii de ehuyin thinh ngdn ngd b i n (tu duy) phd hpp vdi die d i l m nhin thde edahpe sinh (HS) tilu hpe, die bilt vdi HSKT TBDH da giic quan gidp HSKT cd t h i sd dung giic quan khic"bd trd" d l t i l p nhin thdng tin (nhu vdi t r l khilm thinh, khilm thj); hole kit hop nhHu giic quan (ddi vdi t r l khd khin v l hpe).TBDH eung l i m g i i m dp khd, trdu tupng v i lim d l ding hon tuong t i e gida giio viln v i HS Trong q u i trinh n h i n thde, h l u h i t HS khuylt t i t gap khd k h i n vile tri sir ehd y Vdi HS khilm thinh, c i c em khdng t h i ehu y liu vio b i i hpc n l u g i i o vien ehl giing g i i i b i n g Idi ndi Tuy nhiln, n l u g i i o v i l n sddung true quan, diing ngdn ngd cd chl h o l e giao t i l p tdng hpp day hpe s l thu hdt v i tri sir ehd •i mdt eich ed h i l u q u i rd r l t Tuong tu, HS khilm thj ddi hdi nhung t i i lilu cd t h i t U p thu dupe b i n g xdc giic vdi v i t that hole so dd, md hinh ndi Vile md t i thuan tui^ b i n g Idi ndi khiln eie em rlt khd hinh dung hole di d i n hinh t h i n h bilu tupng sai lich mac du thinh giic v i ngdn ngd eda eie em phit t r i l n binh thudng Vdi HS khd khin v l hpe, tri su ehd y cda HS n i y van la mdt thieh thdc ldn Tuy nhiln, d i l u n i y ed t h i thUe h i l n dupe nhd viec thudng x u y l n cd sU hd trp d i e bilt nhU: dilu chinh day hpe cho phd hpp mde dp nhin thde eua HS, thudng xuyln thay ddi eie hoat dpng day hpe, tieh cue sd dung phu hop true quan bing v i t that h o l e so dd v i md hinh, hudng d i n c i bilt eua g i i o v i l n , Bd Giao due v i D i o tao ban hinh "Danh muc TBDH tdi thilu d p Tilu hoc" theo Thdng tu sd 15/2009/TT-BGDDT ngiy 16 t h i n g n i m 2009 Vin d l d i t l i TBDH ed phd hpp vdi HSKT khdng? HSKTcIn nhdng TBDH nao khie d l hpc t i p cd hilu qui? NGHIEN Oi tim hilu thuc trang v i mdc dp phu hpp eda TBDH tdi thilu d p Tilu hpc theo Thdng t u t r i n ddi vdi vile day hpc HSKT d p Tilu hpe, nhdm nghiln edu d i t i l n hinh khio sit 440 giio viln dang day HSKT bing philu hdi; ddng thdi t i l n hinh phdng vin siu mdt sd giio viln d l tim hilu li dinh g i i cic mde phd hpp trin Philu hdi dugc biln soan dua trin danh mue Thdng tU sd 15/2009/TTBG[>OT theo tdng mdn hpc vdi lira ehpn tinh phu hpp d mdc dp: rlt phu hop, phu hpp v i khdng phu hop Odng thdi sau mdi mdn hpe, ed ndi dung "nhdng TBDH d n thilt die thd ddi vdi HSKT" Philu hdi dupe chuyin d i n cho giio viln true t i l p day HS thupc dang khuylt tit: khilm thinh, khilm thj, kho khin v l hpe v i khuyet t i t ngdn ngd d d c khdi Idp hpc tai eie dia phuong d i thue hien giio due hda nhip HSKT qua nhilu nam tai tinh Tiln Giang, Vinh Long v i huyin Thanh Ba, Phd Thp Sd luong giio viln day HSKT theo eie khdl Idp khie v i thupc eie dang t i t khic dugc phin i n h d bing 1: cfluQ v l eie TBDH t i l u hpe danh eho ddi tupng niy l i chl sd cda cie TBDH mdn i m nhae Cic li dupc giio viln dUa l i i n h hudng eua khiem thinh n i n q u i trinh nhin thde t i p trung nhilu nhat v i o nhin n i n cic TBDH hiln cd dupe sddung hieu qua q u i trinh day v i hpe Sd y kiln cda giio v i l n day HS md: phu hop 10.10%, cdn lai 77.25% - khdng phd hpp vdi mdt sd li sau: t l I I TBDH so vdi v i t t h i t , suthe hiln gde eanh, dudng net HS khd cd the tri giic qua sd v i d m nhin dupc su v i t hiln tupng, giao viln day HS nhin kem ngoii vile d n bd sung cicTBDH die thu hiln tai TBDH ehua d i p dng vdi nang nhin cda HS O l sd dung dupe eie TBDH HS d n ed kinh phdng to trp gidp d l tri giic ddpc thuan Ipi hon q u i trinh sddungTBDH Ddi vdi HSKT ngdn ngd v i ed khd khin v l hpc eie t h i l t bj day hpe hiln cd d i u ed the sd dung day v i hpc d t i l u hpe qua bing ,,, cho t h l y vdi tl I I ehua d i n 10% sd TBDH khdng gia trd Idi phiiu hdi Gilo vl*n day HS khuylt t i t GVd^yHSkhi^m thinh GVd^yHS khilm th| GV day HS khd khin v l hoc GV d^y HS khuylt t | t ngdn ngOr TSng so giio vien Ldpl 30 19 38 23 110 Ldp 30 16 31 21 98 Ndi dung cie philu hdi dupe xay dung trin danh mue cic TBDH theo Thdng tu 15/2009/BGDDT dupe tdng hpp bing Sd y kiln eda g i i o v i l n day HS khilm thinh l i : r l t phd hpp 42.53% v i phd hpp 46.53% Tuy nhiln sd lupt y kiln t r i Idi khdng phd hpp ehilm 11.01% Ldp 24 18 35 18 95 Ldp 10 10 20 12 52 Ldp 26 17 26 16 85 T6ng 120 80 150 90 440 phd hpp vdi HS ed dang khuylt t i t niy Cie t h i l t bj dd phin idn d mdn Sd v i Dja li eie TBDH md t i eie t r i n d i n h dUdi dang so dd cim lam cho HS khd c i m nhin dupe ndi dung eda TBDH hpe t i p Ketqudkhdosdtduge^nghgptrongddthjsau- Bdng 2: Thong ki so lieu TBDH (tinh theo bp) Ldp Tilng Vl^t Toin Oao dire Am nhae Tl/ nhiSn xahdi Sir Oja Ki thult Mi thult The due Tong 44 12 12 14 IS 68 3 9 15 17 69 19 13 20 93 18 15 10 11 16 89 Tdng 17 66 39 47 27 14 17 38 27 71 363 Stf7l-THAIW1/2I12^25 CQI NGHIEN CUU O i n h g i i cua g i i o vien day HSKT hoc hoa nhap v l mtfc dp phu hdp cua TBDH tieu hpc D% Khiiing phij hop • % Phu hgp D% Rat phti hop Khiem thinh (n=120) Khiem thi (n=80) Kho l(han ve Khuyet tat hpc (n=150) NN (n=90) KitquikhdosdtviTBDHcdnthiitddethiikhdngcd danh mue tdi thieu: Qua khio sit cho thly, ngoii vile phii d i l u chlnh cie t h i l t bj h i l n ed di phd hpp vdi q u i trinh nhin thde ma theo mdn hpc, dang khuylt t i t v i mde dp khuylt t i t g i y n i n ddi hdi nhdng t h i l t bj bd trp hole dupe l i m mdi hole d i l u chlnh nhdng t h i l t bj d i ed, d l eho vile day v i hpc eda HSKT dupe h i l u q u i Chinh vl viy, d n bd sung nhdng t h i l t bj die thu de hinh thinh ki ning giao t i l p v i hpe t i p nhU: ngdn ngd ndi, ki hilu ngdn ngd, ki h i l u ndi, hpe tinh toin, theo bing dudi d i y Vile bd sung eicTBDH d l day hpe HSKT l i dilu vd cung d n thilt, song d i l u quan trpng hon l i sd dung cic TBDH dd nhu t h i nio? Oiy eung l i vin d l d n dupe quan t i m eda cie co sd giio due cd HSKT theo hpc Ngudi giio viln sddungTBDH cho mdi dang t i t de dan d l t HS phit hiln nhdng kiln thdc d n thiet eho minh thi ngoii vile tuin thu cae nguyin t i e nhU: ddng ldc, ddng chd, dung muc dich, ddng mde dp va eudng dp giio viln d n cin nhle ki vdl mdi bii hpe, theo die trUng bd mdn ngoii ein hieu t h i t rd tdng HSKT v l ning lue nhin thde, e i tinh, hdng thd, kinh nghiim, , de i p dung phuang phip phd hpp ddng thdi kich Bdng 3: Danh mue cdc TBDH dde thu ddnh eho dgy vd hgc HSKT cdp Tiiu hgc Khiem thinh Khiem thj KT ngon ngiir - Thi*t bj day phat I m , doc v i v i ^ , h* - Bing, dui Viet ehur ndi - Cae thiet bj day thdng ehCr cli ngdn tay, kf hieu ngdn - MIy danh chGr ndi luyen tap phit ngui,., - Phin mem hd trg ngudi im, ndi, dpc va - BO gh*p ehur gh*p v i n khiem thj sOrdung miy vi tfnh viet - BO tranh cic v l t t h i t - Miy in ehCr ndi v i phan mem - ehuy*n dung - Ldtd - Bing ehOr eli ngdn tay - Phin mem audio, bang, dia - Cic thiet bj day phit i m sleh ndi - Tii li^u k! hi*u ngdn ngCr - Sleh giao khoa ehur ndi, ehur - Tii lidu day t i p doc song ngCr da kenh phdng to - D^y tilng Vi*t da k*nh - Kfnh gong, kinh Iup, kinh vien - Tip h