CHUYEN DE THIET BI DA PHAT TRIEN THIET Bj DAY HOC TIT LAM GOP PHAN THUC HIEN CHI/ONG TRINH GIAO DUC PHO THONG Mdl ThS HivanQu»nh Vifn Khoa hpc gido d^c Vift Nam SUMMARY The article is an overview ofth[.]
CHUYEN DE THIET BI DA PHAT TRIEN THIET Bj DAY HOC TIT LAM GOP PHAN THUC HIEN CHI/ONG TRINH GIAO DUC PHO THONG Mdl ThS.HivanQu»nh Vifn Khoa hpc gido d^c Vift Nam SUMMARY The article is an overview ofthe position, role and effectiveness of DIY teaching equipments (do-ityourself): some results of survey, selection and propagation of DIY teaching equipments in kindergarten, elementary school, secondary school and high schools Based on the theoretical and practical basis, it recommends some orientations on developing DIY teaching equipments to meet new general education programs Keywords: Teaching equipment, teaching equipment itself, orientation, capability Ng^ nhgn Mi: 30/11/2015; Ng^ duy^dOng: 02/12/2015 Vifc t h ^ hifD Be in "TSng cudng nSng ^ nghien ciru vi pbit trien thilt bj d^y h^c v l thiet bj d^y hpc t\r Ikm" Trong nhftng n5m qua, thilt bj d^y h^c (TBDH) da d6ng m$t vai tro hit siJrc quan trpng vi^c ddi m6i phuang phfip day hpc Tiir nam 2002 din 2009, tdt ca cdc mrdng thdng dS dirpc trang bj TBDH tir \6p din ldp 12 dam bao nhu caiu tdi thilu theo Danh myc TBDH da dupc BO Gifio dye va Dao t^o ban hfinh Tuy nhien vi§c mua sfim hb sung, thay thl hfing nfim cfic TBDH nfiy hi§n gfip m^t so kh6 khSn vl ngu6n cung cSp cfic thilt bj, cac chi tilt 16, ngu6n kinh phi mua sfim b6 sung vfi siia chfta, phuong phap sua chfta khfic phyc cfic thilt bj hu h6ng qui trinh sir dyng Trong dilu kifn do, gifii phfip ty lfim, tv sua chfta, t^r cfii tien TBDH da g6p phfin khfic phyc kip thin nhftng thiet bj c6n thieu, bo sung cfic thilt bj chua c6 dieu ki^n mua sfim, thay thl phu hpp vdi tinh hinh, d$c diem ciia cfic dja phucmg, ca so gifio dye Trong thyc te, mpt so GV da sfing t?o cfic phan mem m6 phong, cfic tu li?u, cfic dyng cy thi nghidm hoa hpc, vfit Ji, sinh hpc rat co y nghla va d^t hi?u qufi vi§c d^y - hpc Nfim hpc 2007-2008, Bp tnrcmg B$ Gifio dye vfi Dfio t?o da chinh thftc phat d^ng phong trfio tyr lam TBDH cfic co sd gifio dye marn non vfi thong cfi nudc Nhilu tinh, thfinh to chftc cfic cupc thi ty Ifim TBDH tir cfic ca sd trudng hpc 16n din cip q u ^ , huyfn vfi cdp tinh Ket qua cfta phong trfio nfiy dfi tgo dupc s6 lupng ldn cfic TBDH gdp phin vfio qufi trlnh doi mdi phuang phfip, nfing cao chdt lupng dgy hpc Ngfiy 16/9^010, B9 trudng BO Gifio dye vfi Dfio tgo dfi Quyet djnh s6 4045/QDBGDDT phe,duy§t DS an "Phdt trien TBDH tv lam gido dvc mdm non va thong giai doQn 20102015" vdi myc tieu: "Nang cao hi?u qua sft dyng TBDH da dupc trang bj theo danh myc TBDH toi thieu, khuyin khich dOng vien cac hogt dpng tv lam TBDH trd thfinh mOt hogt dOng su phgm thudng xuyen nhfim gdp phan tich cue doi mdi phuong phfip dgy hpc giao dye mam non vfi thong giai dogn 2010,-2015" Mpt nhung nhi?m vy vfi gifii ptifip de thyc hifn muc tieu tren lfi: Thong qua kit qufi ciia cfic hpi thi cap trung uong vfi tinh, thfinh tuyen chpn cac sfin pham TBDH ty Ifini cd chfit lupi^ cao de gidi thifu qufing bfi tren phgm vi toan quoc (bao g6m cfi cfic phan mem mo phdng cfic TBDH, md tfi cfic s\r vgt, hifn tupng, cfic thi nghifm fio) nhfim xay d\mg hf thing ca sd dii lifu chung vl TBDH tv lfim tren Intemet Thvc hifn mOt nhftng npi dung cua Dl an "Tdng cir&ng ndngj^c nghien ciru vaphat trien thiit bf day hgc va thiet bi dgy hoc tv ldm cho Trung tam NghiSn cuu Cffs& v^t chdt, TBDH, B6 chai tre em" - Vifn Khoa hpc Giao dye Vift Nam,,thugc De an "Phdt triin TBDH tv ldm gido difC mdm non va phd thong giai dogn 2010-2015", Trung tfim dfi to chftc khfio sfit, tuyen chpn TBDHTL tai mpt so dja phucmg: Hfi NOi, BSc Giang, Hfii Phdng, Qufing Trj, Thua Thien - Hue, Da Nflng, TP Ho Chi Minh, Bfi Ria - Viing Tfiu, Tien Giang vfi Long An Qua khfio sfit cho thfiy nhu cau vfi khfi nfing ty Ifim TBDH cua GV rdt fdn Vdi hang trfim TBDH ty lam dupc dfinh gifi tuyen chpn qua cfic hpi thi tu cap tnrdng tdi cdp tinh dfi cho thay sy say m€ sang tgo ciia rat nhilu thay cd gifio Nhieu TBDH dfi dupc dpi ngu GV ddu tu tri tuf, thdi gian dupc tuyln chpn dl biln nhan rpng tr€n tofin qudc Thyc hifn nhifm vy vfi ke hogch cdng tfic nfim 2015 ciia Bkfin,Trung tdm dfi mdi G V, cfin bO nghi6n cftu, cfin bO qufin ly, nhfin viSn thilt bj tnrdng hpc d cfic CO sd gifio dye tren tofin qudc vi6t bfii cho HOi thfio Kit qufi da cd 334 bfii giii vl dd: Mam Non 83 bfii; Tieu hpc 115 bfii, THCS 60 bfii THPT 76 bfii Nhin chung, bfii vilt da dgng, phongphu, phfin b6 d cfic mdn, cdp hpc, chuy€n de ve thiet ke, chl tgo Ban td chftc dfi lya chpn mOt so bai cd chdt lupng cao dfing tfii ky ylu hOi thfio TAP CHt THI^BIGlAO DMC-sd 124-12/2015 • BIDAYHOCTi; Trong thfing 11 vfi 1,2 nfim 2015, Vifn Khoa h9C G,ifio dye Vift Nam dfi td chuc 04 hOi thfio, ^ hufin v l TBDH vfi TBDH tv ifim tft mam non den trung hpc thdng Cac hpi thao dfi bb'i dudng, t§p huan ve TBDH ty lam cho hon 250 lugt GV, can bp nghien cftiu cfin bp qufin ly, nhan viSn thiet bi trudng hpc mOt so trudng vfi c a sd gifio due d cfic phdng gifio dye, cfic truimg phd thdng vfi mam non tren dja bfin Hfi Npi vfi mpt so tinh khfic nhu: Hfii Phdng, Phu Thp, Hung Y6n,_Qufing Ninh, Dfikndng, Qufing Tri, KomTum, Dfi Nfing, Khfinh Hda, Kien Giang Cfic hOi thfio tap trung vfio mdt so ndi dung nhu: Tim hilu mOt so vaji de chung ve TBDH, TBDH ty lfim; Kinh nghifm quan 1y,,bfio qufin TBDH cua cac trufmg; Hudng dan thiet ke, c h l tgo vfi sft dyng m^t s l TBDH, TBDH tv lfim d tnrdng Mdm non, Tieu hpc, THCS vfi trudng THPT Cng dyng cdng nghf thdng tin thiet k l d l dimg dgy hpc nhu: Vdng quay kl difu, bO diing dgy hpc da nfing, bO the tft vfi bfing phy da nfing; Thilt k l bfii gifing E-learning: Sft dyng bfing tuong tfic, phdn m i m Activelnspire ho trp thilt k l bfii gifing; Thyc hanh sft dung mOt s l TBDH, tv Ifim mOt so TBDH; Hudng dfin sft dyng TBDH Trung hpc thdng d cfic mdn: Lich sft, Dja ly, Hda hpc, Sinh hpc, Vgt ly, Toan hpc, Ngogi Ngft, Thl dye ; HOi thfio lfi djp de GV, cfin bO nghien cftu, cfin bp QLGD cd co hpi trao doi, chia se kinh nghifm vl TBDH, TBDH tv lfim, lfi mft nhftng CO sd tilm nfing cung cdp nguin mau TBDH, gliip cho vifc thiet ke sfin xuat vfi trang bi TBDH c6 tinh dinh hudng theo yeu cdu cua doi mdi phuong phap dgy hpc d nhfi trudng; Dong thdi tgo tien dl co bfin ve nhfin thftc cung nhu kl thufit lfim TBDH gdp phdn d l phong trfio ty lam TBDH phfit trien cd be rpng, cd chilu sfiu, kich thich hogt dOng sfing tgo cfta GV vfi HS, gdp phan thftc ddy sft dyng hifu qufi hon cfic TBDH hifn c6 ddi mdi PPDH d moi nhfi tnrdng gdp phan thyc hifn dli mdi chuong trinh gifio dye mam non vfi phi thdng MOt s l bfii viet dupc Ban t l chuc lya chpn dfing tren Tgp chi Thifit b\ Giao dye, Tgp chi Khoa hpc gifio dye Website; phuongtiendayhoc.edu.vn vol myc dich tgo dieu kifn cho cfic nhfi khoa hpc, cfic nhfi qufin ly giao dye, rJian vien thilt bi trudng hpc, cfic thay cd gifio tryc tiep dftng ldp, trao doi, chia se thdng tin, chuyin giap nhftng vfin de Hen quan den qufin ly, bfio gufin, thiet kl, sft dyng TBDH, TBDH ty lfim d cfic cdp nhfim gdp phdn ddi mdi phuang phap dgy hpc, dfip ftng yeu cau chucmg trinh giao dye phd thdng mdi M f t s l djiih hirdng phfit triln T B D H T L Vifc phfit trign TBDH tv lfim theo nhftng djnh hudng CO bfin sau: Thft nhdt: Rfi sofit nghien cftu khfic phyc sfta chfta cfic TBDH dupc trang bj dfi bj hu hdng Thft hai: Nghien cftu cfii tien cfic thilt bi dfi duprc Vang bi trong^nhfi trudng cho phii hpp vdi dilu kifn dgy hpc cy the I • TAP CHf THlfTBIGlAO DMC-sd - / Thft ba: Nghien cuu che tao cac TBDH chira dupc trang bi de phuc vu dgy hpc D I thyc hifn dinh hudng tren, cfin lam tdt cac vifc sau: Khai thfic sir dung hifu qua^ cac TBDH da dupc trang bi theo danh muc toi thieu ket hpp vdi hoat dOng ty lfim TBDH de gop phfin nang cao hifu qua vifc dli mdi phucmg phap dgy hpc, Ddy mgnh va phat trien cac hoat dpng ty lam TBDH thfinh mgt hoat dpng s u p h a m thudng xuyen cfic trudng hpc d cac cap hpc mfim non va thdng gdp phan vao myc dich xay dyng truong hpc thfin thifn, HS tich cue cac thfiy co giao la lam guong ve tv hpc va sang tao Dau tu cho cac hoat dpng ty lam TBDH phai dfim bfio hifu qua va theo diing cdc quy dinh ciia NhS nudc Cfic TBDH ty lam phai dam bao npi dung chit lupng va hifu qufi phyc vy giang day don_g thdi giara dupc ngan sach nha nudc chi cho mua sfim tryc tiep cfic TBDH TBDH tu lam thay the dupc, Nang cao hieu qua su dung TBDH da dirge trang bi theo danh muc TBDH tdi thieu, khuyen khich dpng vien cfic hoat dpng ty lam TBDH giao due thdng sau 2015 theo dinh hudng phat Irien nang lyc Day mgnh cac hoat dgng nghien cinj cai lien, bfio qufin, Idiai thac, sira chfta, sir dyng TBDH da dupc trang bj theo danh muc TBDH loi thieu tai cac trudng thong, Ddy mgnh cac hoat dpng Ur lam TBDH, bl sung them cfic TBDH tu lam co chat lugng va hifu qua su dyng giang day, hpc tap nham phuc vu tai c h l vfi kip thdi, phil hpp vdi dieu kifn ciia tirng dia phuong Thiet bj ty lam phfii tuan thii cac yeu cau chung ciia mOt TBDH, dam bao linh khoa hgc, su pham Khi ty lfim TBDH can can cir vao ngi dung, phuong phfip dgy hpe, tam sinh ly ciia HS d moi cap hgc ma dfit nhftng yeu cau phii hgp GV chii dpng ty lam TBDH va HS cung co the ty lfim TBDH GV can huy d p n g H S ciing tham gia ty Ifim nhftng TBDH dan gian bfing cac vat lifu de kiem, re tien hoac sua chfta cai lien nhftng thiet bi cu hofic nhftng cdng cu lao dgng de lam dung cu tr\ic quan, nhfim tang cudng cac hoal dgng trai nghidm thyc te, ty hpc, hoat dgng nghien ciru khoa hgc gop phan hinh cac pham chat nSng lyc thyc hien chuong trinh giao due ihong mdi, Cfin cft yao chuang trinh, npi dung day hgc, TBDH thyc tl tai c a sd, dieu kifn nguyen vat Ijfu, trinh dO kT thuat ma GV va HS co the ty lam thiet bi phyc vy tryc tiep qua trinh day hgc ciia minh, Thyc t l TBDH dupc trang bj d cac nha tnrdng chua^dfip ftng dugc nhu cau day y a hgc GV va HS cd the nghien ciru che tao cac thiet bj de day va hoc Vifc thiet ke che tao TBDH mdi cd thl theo mgt so xu hudng sau; - Che tgo mgt so thiet bj bfing nguyen vat li?u vfi dieu kifn hi?n co tren ca s o cac y tudng qui trinh CHUYEN BE THIET B| DAY HOC TIJ LAM cd sfin hojc bfing cfic tfii lifu hudng dan tv lfim thilt bj dfi cd , - Che tgo mOt thilt bj vdi mOt ^ tudng mdi nhu ve ngio'^n II,,cdng nghf vfit lifu mang lgi hifu qufi cao hon vl kinh te, dgy hpc, so vdi cfic thilt bj tuong tv GV vfi HS cd thl lya chpn ifim mOt sd TBDH sau: + Suu tam tranh finh Ngu6n tranh cd rdt nhieu trgn bao chi, bfio finh, tren Internet cd the tuyln chpn lfim TBDH d nhilu mdn hpc Hinh finh tuyln chpn cdn phfii tieu bilu, diln hlnh, phfin finh trung thyc dftng dfln nhdt nhftng sy vfit can tmyen thy, nghien cftu Khdng dua qufi nhieu thdng tin mOt hinhfinh,sa,vao cfic thdng tin phy, lfim phan tfin nOi dung chinh cfin thl hifn cdn chpn cfic hinh finh cd kich thudc ldn phu hpp, i^m bfio thl hifn dupc rd cfic yeu to co bfin, mfiu sfic sang hai hofi, cd tfic dyng bli dudng tham m? Moi hinh finh nSn trinh bfiy d trang rifing bift nhfim dl HS quan sfit tgp trune Khdng nen ddng thfinh tap Idn, mpt trang cd nhieu hinh finh NhQng quyln tranh cd the sft dyng cho HS tv nghien cftu d thu vifn, phdng hpc bp mdn, + Suu tam mau vfit Vdi v§t thyc HS cd dilu kifn thu thgp thdng tin bfing nhieu gific quan khfic nhau, rihilu each khac t^au Cd the suu tam theo cfic cfich sau: Suu tdm cfic vfit cdn tuoi song, tryc tilp cho HS nghien cftu gifing dgy vahpc tfip Sim tam thyc vgt roi sdy khd, ep khd dl dung nhieu nfim, Suu tdm cfic vfit thyc nhu tem, phong bi, dl dgy tft ngft, cho HS tilu hgc Suu tdm cfic mlu vgt ngam cho HS nghifin cftu HS hpc + Ty lfim md hinh Md hinh dupe thl hifn_gilng nhu v§t thyc Cd thl tan dyng nguyen lifu sfin cd de tgo md hinh dan gifin (phi biln d mam non, cdp tieu hpc) nhu md hlnh cfic giing, cfic cft qufi d cap dO khfic cd thl lfim md hinh cdu tgo nguyfin tft (Hofi hpc), md hinh mfiy phfit difn (Vgt li) +Ve tranh Trong qufi trinh dgy hpc, GV vfi HS c6 the ty ve tranh dfi phyc vy dgy vfi hpc Vdi moi mdn hpc, ldp hpc, nOi dung dgy hpc mfi nOi dung tranh dupc the hifn d nhftng cdp dO khfic Khi ve tranh GV can nfim rd nhftng yfiu cdu cfta mOt tranh gifio khoa de sft dyng cd hifu qufi cao nhdt ^ong qufi trinh dgy hpc + Cfii tiln cfic TBDH sin cd bfing cfich sOra chfta nhftng hu hdng nhd cua thilt bj vfi cfii tiln, sfta chfta bl sung mft so chi tilt clu tgo hay vgt lifu hofic cfich bl tri Ifip rfip phuong fin thyc hifn dk thilt bj hogt dOng tot hon, hifu qufi hon + Ty lfim cfic dyng cy tht nghifm _ Nhifiu TBDH tv lam dupc GV che tgo cd gia thfinh thdp nhung hifu qufi cao dgy hpc Vi dy, dung cy thi nghifm vl hifn tupng quang dfin, thi nghifm ve Ivc hudng tfim vfi lyc qufin tinh li tfim, dyng cy thi nghifm ve difn li - difn phan - sy 3n mdn hda hpc cua cfic thay cd giao da thyc sy phfit huy hifu qufi, vfi cd thl phd biln nhan rOng Ngoai ciing cd nhilu GV tg lfim cfic dyng cy thi nghifm + Sft dyng cfic chuang trinh mfiy tinh, phan mfim cdng ey tao cfic thilt bi fio Hifn rfit nhilu GV dfi ung dyng CNTT day hpc GV cd the tim kiem vfi tfii cfic phan mem mien phi tren mgng de sft dyng GV dung cac phdn mfim cdng cy nhu Microsoft Power Point, Flash, Adobe Presenter, Activ Inspire cfic phfin mem chuyen dyng cfic mdn hpc, de thiet ke cfic thifit bi ao, bfii gifing eleaming ho trg hogt dfng dgy hpc + Ty chyp finh, tv quay va bien tgp cac dogn Video Mfiyfinhsd dfi dupc sft dyng phd bien ddi song xfi hOi Cling nhu trudng hpc Ngoai mfiy finh chuyfin dung, nd cdn cd thl dupc tich hpp cfic thifit bi khfic mfi thdng thudng la difn thogi di dpng GV va HS cd thfi ty chyp finh minh hoa cho cfic ndi dung kien thftc cfta bfii hpc, cho hogt dpng chuyfin de, ngoai khofi Anh chyp dupc sfip xep bd tri hpp li theo tung npi dung chuyfin dfi, iuu gift may tinh hofic cfic thiet bi luu trft khfic dl thufin tifn cho vifc su diing GV cd the quay phim mgt sl nOi dung vi du nhu cfic thao thfic thyc hifn mpt thi nghifm phong cfinh mOt vung que, bien t^p va sft dyng de dgy hpc mftc dp thap nhfit, GV cd thl sft dyng tryc tilp cfic dogn phim quay dupc Mftc dp cao hon GV cd thl dimg mOt s6 phdn mem bien t§.p phim de chinh sua cho chat lupng cao hon, phft hpp hon vdi vtfc dgy vfi hpc Tai lifu tham khao , BO Gifio dye vfi Dfio tgo (2010/ Di dn_ "Phdt trien TBDH tv ldm gido d\ic mdm non va thong giai doan 2010 - 2015" BO Gifio dye vfi Dfio tgo (2012) fle"^« "Tdng cirong ndng Ivc nghiin cuu va phdt trien thiit bi dqy hQC va thiit bf d(iy hpc tv ldm cho Trung tdm Nghien CUV Ca sa vdt chdt, TBDH, Do chai tre em " Vifn khoa hpc gifio dye Vift Nam Kyyiu hpi thdo — tgp hudn ve TBDH, TBDHTL cap Mdm non; cap Tliu hoc: cdp THCS; cdp THPT 10/2015 Trdn Quic Dfic (Chu bifin) (2002) Mpt so vdn de ly lugn yd thuc lien cua vifc xdy dung, su dung ca sa vgt chat vd thiet b\ dgy - hQC a truang thong Vift Nam NXB dgi hpc Quoc gia Dfing Thj Thu Thfty (Chu bien) (2011) Phttong tifn dgy hoc - Mgt so vdn di ly lugn vd thuc tiin NXB Gifio dye Vift Nam TAP CHf THI^BIGlAO DUC-sd 124-12/2015 • 111111