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Hl/CNG DAN QUAN LI su DUNG Sii DUNG THIET BI DAY HOC GIUP TRE LAM QUEN VCd TOAN 6 TRUdNG MAM NON I Cac TBDH dup''''c su sd 10), cdc bd th^ cd ve so dyng trong qua trinh cho tr^ lugng cdc cham trdn nhu nh[.]
Hl/CNG DAN QUAN LI s u DUNG Sii DUNG THIET BI DAY HOC GIUP TRE LAM QUEN VCd TOAN TRUdNG MAM NON PGS TS Do Thi Minh Liln Truang DHSP Hd Npi I Cac TBDH dup'c sudyng qua trinh cho tr^ lam quen vdi toan d trudng mam non (MN) Viec cho tie lam quen vdi toan (LQVT) d Uudng MN can dua treniihung hinh anh va nhung bieu tugng ey thi De viec DH vdi tre hd nen trye quan han, viec day tre khdng chi ban ehe d viec tao nhirng hinh anh thi gidc, rad can td chiic cdc hoat dgng (HD) thuc tien cho tdt cd tre, viec dgy tre se dien vdi sy tham gia cua cdc gidc quan khdc nhau, nhd vay ma nhiing cdm nhan cua tre tid nen day dii vd chinh xac hon Viec su dung cac dung tryc quan qua trinh DH d trudng MN cd tdc dung md rdng vd Idm phong phu hon nhiing kinh nghiem cdm nhgn ciia he, lam chinh xac hda nhiing bieu tugng cu the, ddng thdi phdt trien dc quan sat cho he Cac dimg tryc quan dugc sir dyng vao qud trinh cho he LQVT d hudng MN cd the chia mot cdch udc le thdnh hai logi: diing danh cho cd va diing cho tre Hai logi dung cd kich thudc va tac dung khdc Nhung thiet bi thudng dugc sii dyng qua trinh cho h e LQVT d trudng MN nhu: cac choi, edc hinh hiiih hgc (cdc hinh hinh hgc phang: hdn, vudng, tam giac, chii nhdt yd eac hinh khdi: khdi cau_, khdi tru, khdi vudng_ vd khdi chii nhat), cac the sd (tir sd den sd 10), cdc bd th^ cd ve so lugng cdc cham trdn nhu nhung dugc sdp dgt theo cae cdch khac nhau, bd tianh dnh, Id td Ngodi cdn sii dyng Idi ndi tryc quan - Idi ndi md ta cac sy vat, hipn tugng cua hien thyc xung quanh, cac tac phdm nghe thuat vd van hgc dan gian Trong qua trinh DH, GV cdn sir dung cac biic tranh, dnh vdi ndi dung khac Viec to chiic cho tre xem tranh tao dieu kien cho tre nhan biet vd phdn tich chinh xac nhung dau hipu ve hinh dang, kich thudc cua cac sy vat, phan tich cdc mdi quan he khdng gian va thdi gian cua chiing Mgt hong nhiing hinh thiic true quan niia Id cdc bieu bang \^ec sir dung chiing chi mang lai hieu qud neu ndi dung mdi dugc dua den tre khdng chi don thuan bang Idi giang giai ciia GV, ma nd cdn gan lien vdi viec td chiic hogt ddng dpc lap cho tre Trong edc hoat ddng cho tre LQVT cd sii dung cac thiet bi ky thuat DH nhu; bang hinh, cac phan mem vi tmh Viec sir dung cac thiet bi ky thuat se tao dilu kien de GV the hien tat ca cac khd nang ciia minh Tren thyc tiln DH mdm non, GV thudng xuyen phai ty san^ tgo cac TBDH Ty Idm dung DH la mgt hong nhiing phuang hudng quan trpng cd ve mat su pham lan kinh te cua cdng tdc GD Cdc dd dimg DH ty ldm thudng cd ky thuat sdn xuat dan gidn, sir dung dugc nguyen lieu dia phuang, phuc vu thilt thyc, kip thdi va dem Igi hieu qua cho qua hinh DH Trong qua trinh cho tre LQVT d trudng MN, GV thudng ty lam cac dd dung DH tir giay, bia, gd GV nen loi cudn tr^, nhat la tre tudi vdo viec tgo cac dd diing DH nham giai quylt nhiem vu nhdn thiic vd lam phong phii them TBDH Mat khac, GV can thudng xuyen siia chiia eae hpc cu bi hdng, cai tien dimg cii, bd sung nhung hgc ey mdi vao bg dung da cd, lam cho ehiing trd nen hoan chinh han va cd the sir dung tdt hem Ngodi ra, nen xay dyng cac bd hpc cu mdi, nhu: suu tam eae vat tu nhien (hot, hat, sdi, que Id ), tranh dnh Nhung yeu cdu ddi v&i viec sir dung edc TBDH qud trinh cho tre LQVT d tru&ng MN Qud hinh cho he LQVT d trudng MN thudng gan chat ehe vdi viec sir dung cac thiet bi tryc quan Tuy nhien de qua trinh DH dat hieu qua mong mudn, trdch lang phi nguyen vat lieu, thdi gian vd phd cdu tnic cua qud trinh DH thi GV can nam dugc each thiic su dyng cdc TBDH cho cd hieu qud: a) Tmdc het, GV phdi phan tich de nam dugc yeu can, nhiem vu, ngi dung vd phuang TiDkP CHI THIFT B; GIAO DUC-SO 84-8/2012 • 33 HUONG DAN QUAN LI SU DUNG phdp td chiic cho tie LQVT, hen CO sd dd lua chpn diing DH vd xac dinh cdch thiic sir dyng chiing cho thieh hgp b) Xde djnh vi tri ciia TBDH Khi chudn bj tilt hgc, GV cdn suy nghT ky ndg vd d HD ndo se sir dyng dd diing tryc quan Vice sir dyng TBDH cd thi dien d cdc HD khac ciia qud triiih DH nham minh hga cho kien thirc mdi, kich thieh hiin^ thii nhgn bilt eho tre, cung cd, van dyng vd kiem tra kien thiic, ky nang ciia tr^ Tuy nhien can su dyng chiing diing miic cdn thiet, viec Igm dyng hay hgn cbe sir dyng chiing deu dnh hudng xau tdi ket qud cua HD cho he LQVT c) Vipe sir dyng cdc TBDH khdng chi nharn thu hiit sy chii y cua he GV can phan tich ky cdc nhiem vy DH va lua chgn TBDH phii hgp Vi du: nlu h e da CO rihimg bieu tugng ban ddu ve nhung tinh chat hay cdc ddu hieu eua ddi tugng nghien ciiu thi GV chi nen sir dung it ede hpc cy De giup h e Idm quen vdi thdnh phdn eua tap hgp tu nhiing vdt rieng bipt thi chi can sii dyng mgt sd bdng hoa gidng la du, nhung de hinh thdnh bieu tugng ve cdc hinh tam gidc cho h e tudi thi GV can trung bdy ede binh tam giac cd mau sac, kich thudc, chat lipu va tucmg ling gdc, cgnh khdc (tam gidc thudng, can, vudng, deu) Sy da dgng ciia cac hinh tam gidc tao dieu kien de GV hudng sy chii y ciia h e tdi sy phdn tich cdc dau hipu co bdn cua chimg (3 canh, gdc), hen co sd dd dan h e tdi bieu tugng khdi qudt v l hinh tam gidc d) TBDH cdn gdp phdn tich cue hda qua trinh nhan biet vd 34 phdt trien nang lyc sdng tao ciia tre Vdi myc dich dd can tang eudng su dyne chiing theo hudng DH neu van de, to chirc cdc HD thyc hdnh khdc cho tat cd trd, phoi hgp sir dyng cdc dgng thiet bj khdc de phdt huy the mgnh ddc thii ciia moi logi vd nen trinh bay chiing dudi dgng dgng e) Vipe sir dyng TBDH qud trinh cho tre LQVT nham cdc muc dich DH khdc nhu: trinh bdy, minh hga vd to chtrc hdnh dgng cho tre Ban dau GV sii dyng chiing de trinh bay mgt kien thiic mdi ndo dd, nhu: gia eho tre xem cdc hinh hinh hge vd tiep theo Id hudng dan tre khdo sdt nd Trong qud trinh DH vdi trd, GV thudng su dyng cac vat tryc quan khdc de minh hga hay cy the hda mgt thong tin ndo dd, vi dy: Idii giup h e lam quen vdi vipe chia sd lugng mpt nhdm ddi tugng thdnh hai phdn theo cdc cdch khdc nhau, GV thyc hdnh chia nham minh hpa cdc cdch chia dd cho he Ddi vdi bien phdp sii dyng hdnh dpng mau thi vipe sii dyng dd diing tin^e quan dugc dgc trung bdi mdi lien hp giiia Idi ndi vd hdnh dpng cua GV, vi dy: dgy tre cdc bipn phdp^ so sdnh dp Idn edctgp hgp baiig cdc bipn phdp xep chdng, xep cgnh tiii GV vua ndi vira tririh bdy cdc thao tdc hong hdnh dgng mau Tren cdc HD hgc todn cd chu dich thudng su dyng cdc TBDH, vi vay can suy tinh tnrdc vi tri va trinh ty sap dat chung Cdc db dung tryc quan cdn dgt d cho thugn tien yd sdp x i p theo mpt trinh ty nhdt dinh de thuan tipn cho vipe su dung chung Sau sir dyng xong can thu dgn chiing de h6 • TAP CHI THIFTBI GIAO DUC-SO 84-8/2012 khdi nhang khdi bdi hpc Dd dung cho h e be cdn dk rieng vdo tiing rd, hpp, khay, dung cho tre Idn cd the d l d mpt khay chung cho cd nhdm tre Can dgy tre cdch thiic sir dyng cdc thiet bi tryc quan Vdi mye dich dd, GV can hao ddi vdi tre de tre thyc hipn ede hdnh dgng thyc hdnh (dim, do, so sdnh sd lugng, kich thudc, khdo sdt hinh dgng ) mgt cdch dpc lap vd cd;^ th6c, nhu: lay, cam dd vat bdng tay phdi, xep, thyc hipn trinh h; thao tdc vdi chiing tuang ling vdi yeu eau, nhipni vy^ sau sir dyng xong can cat chiing diing noi qui dinh Tdi lipu tham khdo Nguyin Thanh Son, Trjnh Minh Loan, Ddo Nhu Trang, Todn hpc vdphucmgphdp hinh thdnh cdc bieu tugng todn hpc ban ddu cho tre mdm non, Trung tam nghien cuu ddo t^o vd bdi duong giao vien, Ha Npi 1994 Nguyen Thj Nhung, Todn vd phutmg phdp hinh thdnh cdc bieu tupng todn hgc cho tre mau gido, NXB DHQG, Ha Npi, 2000 D6 Thj Minh Lien, Phucmg phdp hinh {hdnh bieu tuqng todn hpc sa ddng cho tre mdm non, Nxb DHSP HN 2002 B.B Danhildva, Chuan bi cho tre mdm non hpc todn, NXB Akademi, Matxcowva 1998 Summary Teaching tools play important role in facilitating children senses when they attend math-acquainting activities Understanding these teachmg tools, ways to create them as well as requuements in using the tools in guiding children to acquamt with maths will help improve these educating activities ... Lien, Phucmg phdp hinh {hdnh bieu tuqng todn hpc sa ddng cho tre mdm non, Nxb DHSP HN 2002 B.B Danhildva, Chuan bi cho tre mdm non hpc todn, NXB Akademi, Matxcowva 1998 Summary Teaching tools play... cac vat tryc quan khdc de minh hga hay cy the hda mgt thong tin ndo dd, vi dy: Idii giup h e lam quen vdi vipe chia sd lugng mpt nhdm ddi tugng thdnh hai phdn theo cdc cdch khdc nhau, GV thyc hdnh... Loan, Ddo Nhu Trang, Todn hpc vdphucmgphdp hinh thdnh cdc bieu tugng todn hpc ban ddu cho tre mdm non, Trung tam nghien cuu ddo t^o vd bdi duong giao vien, Ha Npi 1994 Nguyen Thj Nhung, Todn vd