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G9NGHI£NC(IU MO HINH NHA TRUdNG TRONG HE THONG GlAO DUC NGHE NGHIEP 6 VIET NAM Dit vin dl Theo Luit Giio due (GD) sda ddi 2009, GD nghi nghiip (GDNN) l i mdt isp phin hop thinh eda h i thdng GD qudc d[.]
G9NGHI£NC(IU MO HINH NHA TRUdNG TRONG HE THONG GlAO DUC NGHE NGHIEP VIET NAM PGS.TS TBAN TRUNG - ThS B TUf HUNG Tnitag Bfi life SK pUfm la nuft Hung n a Dit vin dl Theo Luit Giio due (GD) sda ddi 2009, GD nghi nghiip (GDNN) l i mdt isp phin hop thinh eda h i thdng GD qudc din,'gdm ed tmng d p chuyin nghiip (TCCN) v i day nghi (DN)"[4] Trong h i thdng GDNN, d e nhi trudng TCCN, trung elp nghi (TCN), cao ding nghi (CON) l i nhdng co sd dio tao (BT) ndng cdt d l eung d p ngudn nhin lyc cdtirlnhdd ngbl nghiip khic phuc vu ylu d u phit triln cda x i hdi Vile tim hilu thye trang md hinh nhi trudng v i quy md, co elu OT cie nhi trudng GDNN d Vilt Nam sl gdp phin tich eye vile tao co sd cho d e eo quan quin li nhi nude eung nhu d e nhi trudng xiy dung dupe d e giii phip ddi mdi d n bin, toin diln h i thdng GDNN theo hudng 'chuln hoi, biln dal boi, x i bdi hda, din chd hda v i hdi nhip qudc t l ' ddng thdi "phit triln quy md, co clu GD hpp li, hii bda, dim bio edng bing x i bdi tucmg dng vdi cie dilu kiln dim bio chit luong GD v i eo hdi hoc t i p sudt ddi cho mdi ngudi dln"[1]! Khii quit v l stf phit t r i l n cOa h i thdng n h i trudng GDNN d Vilt Nam Hon 65 nim qua (kItdCicb mang Thing Tim nim 1945 din nay), h i thdng nhi trudng GDNN dupe hlnb thinh v i phit triin gin liin vdl sy nghiip xiy dyng v i bio v l d l t nude d i OT hing trim ngin d n bd ki thuit dip dng ylu d u cda deh mang, cda cdng cudc phit triin kinh t l - xa bdi (KT - XH) d l t nude Thdi kl 1945-1954, sy nghiep xiy dyng nin GD din tdc v i din chd, mdt sd trudng, Idp OT trung hpe chuyin nghiip (THCN) v i DN d i Suae md vdi thdi gian OT ngin thude cic nginh Ndng nghiip, Giao thdng edng chfnh, Tu phip v i SU pham vdl quy md nhd d l phye vu edng cudc Idling ehiln ehdng thye din Phip (1945-1954) Nam 1952, Hdi ddng Chlnh phd da thdng qua "Chfnh sich GD chuyin ngbilp'vi xlc djnh rd muc dfch eda GD THCN l i OT nhdng cin bd ehuyin nghiip nim vdng ki thuit giiu tinh thin trich nhilm, nhdng d n bd thye tiin mdi, phuc vu khing chiln v i sin xult phye vy nhin din, tmdc hit l i cdng - ndng - blnb Thdi kl 1954-1975, nin GD nude nhi hUdng vio sy nghiip xiy dyng nhi tmdng xa hdi chd nghia phuc vy hai nhilm vy chiln luoc: Xiy dyng ehd nghia x l hdi d miln Bic v i diu tranh giii phdng miln Nam, thdng nhlt d l t nude Cic tmdng THCN, DN dupe edng ed v i phit tiila nhlt l i d c tmdng ki thuit Cdng nghiip, Ndng llm, Giao thdng v i Thdy Ipl Quy md BT ting v i CP d u nginh ngbl OT phong phd hem Td nim 1975, h i thdng nhi tmdng GDNN Viet 40*nuiifcaHavc Nam l i mpt he thdng nhi tmdng thdng nhlt phit triln nhanh tilp quin d c eo sd GDNN cda miln Nam l i vdng tam chilm va nhim dip dng nhu clu BT nhin lye phuc vu sy nghiep xiy dyng dat nUdc sau ehiln tranh Bdi vdi DN, thdi'hoing kim'li thdi gian khoing 10 nim td 1978 (theo Nghj djnh 15/CP ngiy 24/6/1978 quylt djnh tich Tdng cue OT edng nhin ki thuit khdi Bd Lao ddng v i thinh lip Tdng cue DN tryc thupc Chinh phd) din Tdng cue DN sat nhip vio Bd Oai bpc &THCN (kltd ngiy 16/2/1987) Trong nhdng nam eudi thip ki 1980, mic du GD ludn ia linh vye dupe col trpng nhung nhu Nghj quylt 14 cda Bd Chinh tri nim 1979 da xie dinh: vin chi dupe xem l i mpt bd phin quan trpng cda cicb mang vin hda tu tudng, la nhin td quan trpng thdc dly sy phit triln kinh t l , van hda, khoa hpe iu t h u i t theo dd, GD nim thupng tang kiln true ed tic ddng v i ddng vai trd chd ylu linh vye din trL Vio thdi dilm niy, nhi nude bao d p toin bp v l kinh phi cho GD, ldc nin kinh t l nudc ta gap vd vin khd khin nin h i thdng nhi trudng GDNN eung roi vio tinh trang khdng hoing Td'ddi nrxii" 1986 d i n nay, eung vdl sy phit triln nin KT - XH eda dat nude h i thdng GDNN edng din dan khdl sle v i phit triln trd lai Vile thinh lip Bd Bai hpe THCN v i DN nim 1987 v i Bd GD&DT nim 1990 dupe xem la dilu kiln thuin Ipl eho sy phit triln cda h i thdng GD qudc din Phin b l GDNN d i phit triln mdt budc dupe quin li nhi nUde mdt diu mdi thdng nhlt Nglij djnh 90/CP ngiy 24/3/1993 d i xie djnh phit trien ddng thdi ba loai blnb nhi trudng GDNN li THCN, BT edng nhin kl thuat v i die bilt l i loai hinh Tmng hpc nghl._ Nghj quyet TW khda VIII da md phuong hudng da dang hda, xa bdi bda GD ndi chung GDNN ndi rilng Nghj quylt Oai hdi dai bilu toin qudc lln thdX eda Oing da d l chd tmong phit triln GD - BT ndi chung v i GDNN ndi rilng giai doan 2006-2010 l i : "Phit triln manh h i thdng GDNN, tang nhanh quy md BT CBN, TCN cho d c khu cdng nghiip, cic vdng kinh t l ddng lye v i eho xult khiu lao ddng'vi 'tao chuyin biln can bin v l chit lupng DN tilp cin vdl trinh dd tlln tiin eda khu vye v i t h i gidi Bay manh x i hdi hoi, khuyin khich phit ti'lln d c hinh thdc DN da dang, linh hoafD] Nghj quylt Bai hdi dai bilu toin qudc lln thd XI eda Oing Hip tue nhin manh ehd tmong phit triln GDNN v i dal hpc giai doan 2011 - 2020 l i : 'Phit triln manh v i ning eao chit lupng DN v i GD chuyin nghl|p Ri soit hoin thiln quy hoach v i thUe hiln quy hoach mang ludi trudng dal hpc, eao ding v i DN d NGHI£N ciiu G9 nude bio dim ea ehl ty ehu gin vdi ning cao trich nhilm x i bdi eda d c co sd GD, 0T'[3] Cd t b l khii quit qui trinh phit triln cda h i thdng nhi tmdng GDNN Vilt Nam bing dudi diy: hpc vlln, trudng dal hpe khdng OT trinh dp TCCN); OT ngbl trinh dd CBN,TCN, so d p nghe v i d e khda BT bdi dudng ngin han; BT llln thdng cie trinh dp tdTCCN, CBN len dai hoe v i tdTCCN, TCN len cao ding theo quy djnh v l BT lien thdng eda Bd Nhd trudng GDNN Viit Nam qua ede giat dogn phdt triin GD&BT Cd quan quin ii 2J Ve ca ciu quin li hi TT Thdi gian Trinh ddOT Cic loai hinh cO sd QT Nha nude thing GDNN Trudng THCN Trung d p + Cdc tn/dng trtfe thude 1947-1960 BdGD So elp Trudng DN Trung uang: Bao gdm d c tmdng Trung d p Trudng THCN TCCN, TCN, CBN tryc thupc de BdGD bd, nginh Trung uang quin If; 1961-1977 Trudng DN So d p Bd Lao ddng cic trudng trye thupc eictd chdc LdpDN Bing, doin the, td chdc ehinh trj Bd Dai hpc & Trung d p Trudng THCN - x i hdi (Hpi cda quin chung d p JHCH Trung uang); Trudng DN 1978-1987 + Cdc trudng true thudc dia Trudng DN trung hpc Tdng cue DN tryc phuang: Do cic sd, ban nginh So elp thu^c Chfnh phd Trung t i m DN dja phuong hoac Oy ban nhin LdpDN din d p tinh, thinh phd true Trudng THCN thude Trung uong quin li; Trung d p Trudng DN + Cdc tn/dng trtfe thudc Bd Gai hoe i doanh nghiip Trudng Trung hpc nghi THCN & DN 1988-1997 Bd GD&BT 2J.vi Mnh thtfc sihOu Trung t i m DN So d p + Trudng cdng ldp Do Nhi LdpDN nude lip, diu tu xiy dyng Trudng THCN Bd GD&BT Trung d p co sd vit chit bio dim kinh phi Trudng DN Bd Lao d$ng cho d e nhiem vy chl tbudng 1998-2005 Thuong binh Trung t i m DN xuyln; So elp v i Xi hdi LdpDN + Tn/dng ngodt edng ldp Do d e td chde xa hdi, td chdc x l bdi M$t sd die dilm v l md hinh n h i trUdng - ngbl nghiip, td chdc kinh t l hole ci nhin thinh lip, diu tuxiy dyng co sd vlt chit v i bio dim kinh phi boat GDNN dVi$t Nam'hiln Cd tbl ndi, giai doan ddi mdi, h i thdng nhi ddng bing vdn ngoii ngin sich nhi nude 2.4 Mi hinh to chtfc vi quin IInhi truing CONN mrdng GDNN da tri v i phit triln manh v l quy md Hdi ddng trudng (ddi vdl trudng edng lip), hdi BT, v l lo^l hlnb trudng v i ed mang ludi phd khIp toin qudc 0|e bi|t td nim 2005 din nay, h i thdng nhi ddng quin trj (ddi vdl trudng tu thue) Hilu trudng v i cie phd bilu trudng trudng GDNN hlnb thinh v i phit triln dudi cic md blnb Cie bdi ddng tuvln hilu trudng thinh lap rlt da d^ng, phong phd Cie piidng chdc ning 2.1 Vica ciu OT, logi hinh truing GDNN Cie khoa, td bd mdn + TCCN: OT el ki tbu|t vlln trung elp v i OT cdng Cie Idp hpe nhin ki thuit vdl sy da dang mue tllu v i dip dng theo Cie CO sd phuc vu BT, nghiln edu khoa hpe ylu elu eda thj trudng lao ddng; Td chde Bing Cdng sin Viet Nam + Tn/img CON: OT nghi dii ban (trinh dp CBN) td Cie doin t b l v i td chdc x i hdi din nim tujf theo trinh dd diu vio cda hpe vien, Tfnh phde tap v i phong phd cda d e md blnb nhi d p bing ngbl Ngoii ra, trudng eung cd t h i BT ngbl d trinh dd TCN, sd d p ngbl v i d c khda BT ngin ban tmdng, cdng vdl d e quy luit kbit khe eda thj tmdng lao ddng, xu t b l toin d u hoi v i hdi nhip qudc t l vdi vile thudng xuyln, d p chdng chl ngbl; + Tn/dng TCN: BT ngbl dii ban trinh dd TCN, d p Viit Nam l i thinh viin eda WTO da v i dang tic ddng bing ngbl; BT trinh dd so d p nghi, d e khoi BT ngin manh ml, dit nhilu khd khin thich thde ddi vdl h i thdng GDNN nudeta h^n thudng xuyln, d p ehdng ehi ngbl; NhCmg vin Si v l sy phit triln eda nhi trudng + Hi thing cdc trung tdm DN, tmng tdm GD ki thudt nudc ta thdi kl ddi mdi rlt d n dupe nghiln tdng hgp, hudng nghidp vd DN: OT nghi ngin han dudi GDNN cdu, phin tieh, so sinh vdl h i thdng GDNN d e nudc nim, elp ehdng ehl ngbl; + Cdc trudng dgi hgc eao ding chuyin nghiip ed khu vye v i trin t b l gidi d l k l thda, phit huy, nhlt DN: OT ki thuit viin trinh dd TCCN (td nim 2012, d c Piemti^ trang 55) SliS3-TNlHGI/2ai2«4i THUC TliNGlAO D U C ' c ! ^ S.IMdts5Miuylnngh! TAI Lieu THAM KHAO O l thue hiln d c glii phip nlu trin mdt dch Oang Qudc Bio - Bui Ode Td, Moi Tien kitgitfa thuin Ipf v i mang lai hl|u qui thilt thye chdng tdi xin tmng tdm hudng nghiip dgy nghi vdt doanh nghiip, Ja dua mdt sd khuyin nghj sau dly: chf KH & CN, OH O i NSng, sd 2/2007 5.7 i/dl Bd Gido due vd Odo tgo: VI tin gpi, nin Nguyin Minh Oudng GDnghinghiep boi thdng nhlt li'hoat ddng GDNPT"chung cho d c i p bpc cdnh Viit Nam id thdnh viin WTO-Ca hgi vd thdch thtf THCS, thay cho vi|c gpi "day NPT' d d p niy nhu biin Tap chf Khoa bpc Giio dye sd 23/2007 vdn klidng ddng vdi tinh thin GO djnh hudng nghi Phan Vin Kha, Moi quan hi gitfa OT vdi stf dung nghiip cho HS Cin ddi mdi cbuong trinh day NPT theo nhdn Itfc: Khdi niim, ndi dung vd ca ehi Tap chf Khoa hudng idng ghlp boat ddng GDNPT vdi hoat ddng hpe Giio dye sd 16/2007 GDHN Chi dao d e sd GD-OT d l ban hinh Danh muc Oang Danh Anh, Trung tdm KI thudt tong hgp ebuong trinh NPT cho tdng vdng miln d nude hudng nghiip - Cosd GD quan trgng didinh hudng ng CIn tieh cue phdi hpp vdi BdTliI chinh v i Bd Ndi vu de nghiip cho HS PT, Kl ylu bdi thio KH Ojnh hudng ngbl dilu cblnb mde phu elp chdc vu cho CBQL tmng tim ngbllp cho HS PT cic din tdc thilu sd dTiy Nguyin, KTTH-HN ngang vdi CBQL tmdng THPT Phdi hpp vdi Bd 2008 Lao ddng -Thuong binh - Xi bdi d l Iiln thdng Chdng ehi S.Bui Ode Td, GD NPT bdt cdnh hdi nhdp qud NPT vdl cie chdng chf ngbl ngin han, dii ban tivd nhCfng thdch thtfe ddtra Tap chf Khoa hoc Giio 5J Vdt Sd Gido due vd Odo tgo cdctinhthudc vtfng due sd 33/2008 DHNTB:Vf\an\ muu vdi UBND tinh v l vile xdc tiin xiy dyng v i di vio boat ddng cic trung t i m KTTH-HN SUMMARY bole trung t i m GOTX-HN d nhdng huyin cdn O'lng The author presents the aduat status of genera h-ung tim KTTH-HN Cin ed thang dilm dinh gii tbi job training in South Central Coast region, whereb dua cudi mdi nim hpc ddi vdi d c don vi trye thude v l recommend some key solutions aimed at enhanc tiiu chf nhilm vu QL hoat ddng GDNPT general job training aaivities at the satisfaaton o CIn ting eudng v i chd ddng edng tie OT, demands for technical human resources tn the inter bdi dudng ning eao ning lyc ddi ngd GV, CBQL tham ofsoeio-economic development tn this region in the gia ho^t ddng GONTR context lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll^ MO HINH NHA TRUONG TRONG HE THONG GlAO DUC l i bdi d n h eda nin kinh t l t h i trudng v i hdi nhip qudc t l dang diln manh m l Kit iuin Hi thdng v i md hinh nhi trudng GDNN d nude ta d i hlnli thinh v i pbit trien da dang, phong phd giai doan hiln nay, gdp pbin tieb eye cho vile nang cao trinh dd lao ddng qua DT phuc vu sy phllp pbit triln KTXH eda dlt nude Bin canh sy da dang, phong phd dd, nhi trudng GDNN cung t b l biln nhdng bat cap eo d u DT, md blnb quin II v i co cbl boat ddng Md hlnb quin II hf thdng v i quin II bin nhi trudng GDNN cdng vdl cd ehl bo^t ddng cdng bj chi phdi bdi tinh thilu thdng nhlt cdng kinh v i phde tap eua md blnb nhi tmdng, d i gly mit ein ddi, thilu ddng bd sy pbit triln eda mang ludi co sd GDNN dan din vile khdng xiy dyng dupc md blnb quin li thdng nhat ddi vdi h i thdng nhi tmdng GDNN, lim cho bilu qui quin If khdng cao, khdng phd hpp vdl nin kinh t l thj tmdng djnh hudng xa hdi ehd nghia Mdt vin d l elp thilt dit l i d n xiy dyng dupemd hlnb nhi trudng GDNN mdi gdp phin pbit triln ngudn nhin lye ed kl thu$t cao vi sd lupng v i chit tUpng thuc dly phit triln KT-XH, dip dng sy nghi|p edng nghiip hda, biln d?i hda dlt nude qui tirlnh hdi nhip qudc ti, Sdng thdi, phii ed d e gill phip ddi mdi quin li (Tiip theo trang 41) chit lupng nhi tmdng eo chl thj tmdng v i tlln trinh bdi nhip mdt cicb h i thdng TAILIEUTHAMKHAO Chuang trinh hdnh ddng cda BdGD & DTgiai d 2011-2016 thyc bien Nghj quyet sd 06/NQ-CP ngiy 07/3/2012eda Chinh phd Ding Cdng sin Viet Nam, Vdn kiin Bglhdldgibliu todn quoctSn ttitfX, NXB Chfnh trj Qudc gia Ha Npi, 2006 Ding Cdng sin Vilt Nam, Vdn kiin Dgi hdi dgi bliu todn qudctSn thtfXL NXB Chlnh Di Qudc gia Ha Ndi, 2011 Ludf Gido due so 44/2009/QH12 ngdy 25/11/2009 eda Qudc bpl nUde Cdng hda x i hdi chu nghia Viet Nam v l vile sda ddi, bd sung mdt sd dilu cda Luit Giio due 2005! Nguyin Ode Tri, Gido due nghi nghiip - Mdtsd vin dill tudn vd thtfc tlin, NXB Giio due 2010 SUMMARY 77ie article touches on the school model tn professtonat education system in Vietnam Its a pmvides an overview on the development ofschool sy and some charaaeristies of school modd for professi education in our country S6 S3-THiNS 1/2(12 55 ... ngiy 07/3/2012eda Chinh phd Ding Cdng sin Viet Nam, Vdn kiin Bglhdldgibliu todn quoctSn ttitfX, NXB Chfnh trj Qudc gia Ha Npi, 2006 Ding Cdng sin Vilt Nam, Vdn kiin Dgi hdi dgi bliu todn qudctSn... dai hoe v i tdTCCN, TCN len cao ding theo quy djnh v l BT lien thdng eda Bd Nhd trudng GDNN Viit Nam qua ede giat dogn phdt triin GD&BT Cd quan quin ii 2J Ve ca ciu quin li hi TT Thdi gian Trinh... t l hole ci nhin thinh lip, diu tuxiy dyng co sd vlt chit v i bio dim kinh phi boat GDNN dVi$t Nam'' hiln Cd tbl ndi, giai doan ddi mdi, h i thdng nhi ddng bing vdn ngoii ngin sich nhi nude 2.4