• NGHiiN Ciiu C 9 TIEP CAN N A N G L U C TRONG PHAT TRIEN CHUUNG TRINH DAO TAO TRUNG CAP CHUYEN NGHIEP ThS NGUYiN TH! THANH BlNH Bf Gilo dye ( i Dio t̂ a Trong glal doan dly manh edng nghiip hda, hiln[.]
• TIEP CAN N A N G NGHiiN Ciiu C TRONG P H A T TRIEN CHUUNG TRINH DAO TAO TRUNG CAP CHUYEN NGHIEP LUC ThS NGUYiN TH! THANH BlNH Bf Gilo dye ( i Dio t^a Trong glal doan dly manh edng nghiip hda, t h u i t Sy phit triln niy dupc chia thinh ba giai doan hiln d^i bda d l t nude v i hdi nhip qudc t l , giio due ehinh nhusau: v i dio t?o ed sd minh quan trpng vile phit Thdi gian Bdi cinh ddi triln ngudn nhin luc, die bilt l i ngudn nhin lye Giai doan 1: chit lupng cao O l cd t h i thye hiln dupe sd minh - Han ehl cda phuong phip Taylor NhCmg nam 60 vi Ford: ThUc hi^n m^t cdng vi|e niy, Chiln lupc phit triln kinh t l xa hdi 2011-2020 cda t h i ki XX lip di lap l^i theo mdt trit ty cd sin khlng djnh 'ddi mdi cin bin toin diln n i n giio Thdi kl tranh cii - Sy bdng nd cda nhdng vide lim dye Vi|t Nam theo hudng chuln hda, tiiln dai bda, v l chuyin mdn khdng phii chl dung 'tay vi chin' x l bdi hda, din chd hda v i bdi nhip quiSe ti" Mdt hda lao ddng mi edn sd dyng ci trf de vi nhdng djnh hudng quan trpng m i Chiln lupe nang quylt djnh cda ngUdi lim cdng nghiip chl l i "ddi mdi manh m l ndi dung, ehupng trinh, cdng phupng phip day v i hpe d t i t c l d c d p , ble bpc" - Gia ting d c sing kiln vi tie ddng Odi vdl giio dye nghi nghiip, Chiln lupc phit triln eda ngudi lim cdng td chdc lao ddng gllo dye 2011-2020 cu t b l hda djnh hudng niy bing gill phip 'ddi mdi chuong trinh, t i l lilu day Giai doan 2: - Sy ddi cda cic hinh thdc quin li hpc ele co sd giio due nghi nghiip v i dai hpc Nhdng nim 70 mang tfnh hpp tic vi phin dp dya trin nhu clu eda don vj sd dung lao ddng" Nhu -80 -Tfnh ty ehd vi ty chju trich nhif m viy, vi|e ddi mdi chuong trinh giio dye nghil nghiip Thdi kl tranh cli eda ngudi lim cdng ddpc thda ndi chung v i trung d p chuyin nghiip (TCCN) ndi v l phin djnh nhin rilng l i mdt v i n d l elp thilt thd bic vi chdc - Sy phitti^ilnmd hinh 'ty quin If nang cdng vi^c Trude nhdng ddi thay nhanh ehdng v i ylu - Sy ndi lln cda d e ning lyc mdi elu ngiy eing eao eda x l bdi, mdi sin phlm giio cdng vi|c nhd giao tUp, due dupc tao phli l i sin phlm d i p dng dupc chin doin, td chd.c vi hinh ddng ' d u " eda xa hdi O l cd Suae sin phlm niy, giio d l quin If d c myc tiiu chiln lupc dye phii hudng tdi d i o tao ngudi cd nang lyc doanh nghiip thich dng vdl nbOng biln ddng cda thj trudng lao - Sy bdng nd lin sdng toin d u hda Giai doan 3: Td ddng Trin t h i gidi, md blnb d i o tao dya t r i n ning nhdng nam 90 - Sy canh tranh gay git lyc phd biln, die bilt ddi vdi h i thdng giio due - Nhu d u cda khich hing ngiy dng den ki thu^t v i day nghi Vilt Nam, thdi gian qua da da dang vi biln ddng Thdi kl cda thj ed nhilu nghlin cdu v l t i l p cin ning lye dio trudng vi cung - Tlln bd khdng ngdng cda khoa t^o, nhiln phit triln chuong trinh dio tao dua dng sin phlm, hpc ki thuit trin tiip cin ning lye d i o tao TCCN v i n edn djch vy cho ddng mdi m l Bii vilt se gidi thilu mdt sd die trung dio khich hing eda phuong phip t i l p cin ning lyc phit triln chuong trinh d i o tao TCCN nhim dip dng nhu clu Tdy thudc vio bdi d n h kinh t l - xa hdi, dilu kiln cda don vi sd dyng lao ddng van hda v i ngdn ngd m i cd nhilu deh hieu khic v l ning lyc Khii ni^m n i n g luc 7.2 Oinh nghia vining luc 1.1 Ljch sCrkhil nl^m ning lUc Theo De Montmoiin (1984), mpt nhi trilt hpc Khii nilm ning lyc ddi vio khoing nhdng nim 60 eda t b l kl trudc d i thu bdt sy chd y die bilt v i t i m ii hpe eda Phap, ning lue l i ' t i p hpp dn cn.nh eda nhilu nhi nghiln cdu Theo M Pariier, giio su nhdng kiln thde kl nang, thai dd, t l l u chuln thd tye cda Vi^n Quin tri doanh nghiip Lyon - Phip (lAE de d c h thdc lap luan ngUdi thuc hiln dupe m i Lyon), q u i trinh phit triln cda khii nilm ning luc g i n khdng d n phli bpc mdi Nang lyc hinh thinh nin llln vdi eleh thde quin II v i td chdc cdng vile nhdng kinh nghiim cua mdi c i nhin" Khii nilm niy d l cao thay ddi eda bdi d n h kinh t l , tlln bd eda khoa hpc ki nang lyc cda mdi c l nhin xa hdL Stil3-TIUUlG(/2(12.37 O NGMCNCOU Khic vdi Oe Montmoiin (1999), Le Medef, Hilp hdi cic doanh nghiip Phip CRnh nghia nang lye nhu sau: 'Ning lue nghi l i sy kit hpp gida kiln thde ki ning, kinh nghiim v i thii dd d l thye hiln nghi mdt bdi cinh cu tbl" Theo OECD, Td chde Hpp tie v i Phit triln Kinh t l , 'Ning lyc l i ning d i p dng nhdng nhu d u phde hpp thdng qua huy ddng ele ngudn lye t i m li xa hdi (bao gdm ki ning v i thii dd) mdt bdi cinh eu t b l " Td cic djnh nghia niy, ehdng ta ed t h i thly nang lyc t b l hiln d e die trung sau: - Ning lye cd tfnh chit da chilu vl d l cd t b l thye hi|n tdt mdt nhilm vu bay mdt cdng vile, ngudi lao ddng phli huy ddng mdt t i p hpp cie kiln thde ki ning, thii dd - Ning lye llln quan tdi binh ddng, nd chf tdn tai eon ngudi thyc biln hinh ddng v i nd ed ning quan sit v i ludng dupc cic tlnb budng nhlt ^ n h vl nhd ed nang lyc ngudi ta mdi cd t h i thyc hiln nhdng edng vile cy t b l nbuxiy dyng, thi cdng, phin tfch, lip k l hoach - Ning tyc ludn Suae t b l hiln v i dupe dinh gii gin vdl mdt bdi d n h nhlt CHnb Oio tao truyin thdng v i dao tao theo tiep cin ning lUc Trong giio due nghi nghiip, dio tao truyin thdng nhin manh d i n kiln thde ki ning ehuyin slu Si dip dng hinh thdc td chdc cdng vile chuyin mdn bda theo phuong phip td chdc edng vile Taylor, theo dd, ngUdi lao ddng hoin toin bi ddng thyc hiln nhilm vy lip dl lap lai don dilu theo su hudng din chfnh xle tdphia ngUdi quin If Chinh vl viy, myc tiiu cda nhi trudng l i dio tao nhdng ngudi cd ki ning hep v i chuyin slu d l cd t b l thyc hiln mdt loat ele nhilm vu quen thudc d l dupe thilt lip sin eho hp Odi vdi deh tiip cin niy, ngudi thly cd nhilm vy truyin thy cho ngudi hpc kiln thdc trin CP sd d u true kiln thdc thinh khdl rilng bilt (theo linh vuc hole mdn hpe), ehuyin slu Cich tilp cin niy se khdng phd hpp vdi t b l gidi vile l i m ludn thay ddi ning ddng, viy, h i thdng giio dye phli rlt linh boat d l dip dng vdi nhdng thay ddi dd dng tdt ban vdi nhdng biln ddng v i ylu elu ngiy eing cao eda t b l gidi vile lim Odi vdi bic hpe TCCN, td nam bpc 2010 cie eo sd dio tao d i bude diu chuyin sang dio tao theo t i l p cin nang lyc, b i t diu bing vile xiy dyng v i edng bd chuln d i u cda cic nginh dio tao gin vdl ylu elu eda thj trudng lao ddng Tuy nhiln, vile ehuyin sang phucmg phip tilp ein niy edn mdi m l va gly khdng it lung tdng cho d e trudng vl bi|n tai dang thilu d e hudng din ddng bd v l kit elu, ndi dung chuong trinh, d e h thdc td chdc dio tao, day v i hpc, kilm tra, dinh g i i theo ning lyc Qua trinh p h i t trien chUcrng trinh d i o tao theo dinh hudrng phat trien ning lUc Nghiln edu phit triln chuong trinh dio tao l i mdt nhdng v i n d l khd khin v i phde tap nhlt cda h i thdng giio due v i dio tao ndi ehung, giio dye nghi nghiip ndi rilng Trong giio due TCCN, chuong trinh d i o tao nhlm dio tao nhdng ngudi cd nang lyc cin thilt d l thye binh nghi nghiip v i hdi nhip thinh edng vio thj trudng lao ddng O l cd mdt chuong trinh dio tao hoin chlnh theo hudng t i l p cin ning lye phit triln chuong trinh dio tao phii nim mdt qui trinh cdng nghi d i o tao, b i t d i u td phin tich nhu clu dio t^o d i n dinh gii chuong trinh v i k i t q u i eda d c bo^t ddng dio tao ddi vdi t l l n trinh phit triln cda thj trudng lao ddng.Theo Nguyin VIn Khdi (2011), phit triln chuang trinh l i mdt q u i trinh thudng xuyln, llln tuc lim eho chuong trinh ngiy eing hoin thiln, thyc chit dd chfnh l i cic dpt cii deb gllo due d l ddi mdi, dilu chinh chuong trinh VI q u i trinh phat triln cic cbuong trinh dio tao theo djnh hudng nang lyc, Bd Giio due Quibec (Canada) da d l xult mdt quy trinh gdm d c budc nhusau: (11 Phin ddi dkih tinh nhu ciu dio tau (4)BI