Dm^oHOC soA 20\2 «/NGAy NAY immmKmM^^gsmmmimm ^ VAN O^ /̂/QJ Sir KigN IVIot so giai phap day manti phan cap quan If nha nifofc doi vdi giao due pho thong ThS TRAN HONG THAM Sd Gi^o dgc vS Dao tgo C^n[.]
Dm^oHOC soA-20\2 « / N G A y NAY immmKmM^^gsmmmimm ^ VAN O^ ^//QJ Sir KigN IVIot so giai phap day manti phan cap quan If nha nifofc doi vdi giao due thong ThS TRAN HONG THAM Sd Gi^o dgc vS Dao tgo C^n Thd TOM TAT Bai bao noi ve thyc tien phSn cap quSn If nh^ nadc ddi vdi b$c giao dye thong t^i Vi^t Nam, d6ng thdi di/a cdc giai phap day m^nh phan cap quan If nha nudc doi vdi b$c hpc Theo quan diem ca nhan, tac gia trinh bay m^t so y kien ve viec phan cap quan If giao di^c thong vdi mong muon gop phan djnh hudng cho viec thyc hien cong tdc thdi gian tdi Til khda: phan cap quan if giao dye thong ABSTRACT Some measures promoting State administrative hierarchy to liberal education The article is about the status of State administrative hierarchy to libera? education in Viet Nam and suggesting some measures to promote it aiming at contributing to making better decisions by educational management agencies in this field in the time to come Keywords: management hierarchy to liberal education Oat van de Giao dye (GD) va quan If giao dye (QLGD) luon ludn la van de dugic mpi quoc gia tren the gidi quan tam Cong tac QLGD ty binh dien qudc gia den cae cap QLGD d dja phUdng va eac ed sd giao dye va dao tao (GD&DT) deu ed tam anh hudng den viec thyc hien chfnh sach GD, nang cao hi^u qua dau tu eho GD, thyc hien GD va nang cao ch^t lypng GD, Vi^t Nam, nhOfng nam chju anh hUdng ciia cd che tap trung, quan lieu, bao cap, nha nude da "taP trung" qua mifc QLGD lam cho GD "xd cdng", "kho can", hi§u qua GD kem, dau khong dap dng yeu cau xa hpi ve nhieu mat Vi the, viec doi mdi GD ndi chung va cdng tac QLGD ndi rieng ed y nghTa dac biet quan trpng sy nghiep "doi mdi cd ban va toan di§n gi^o dye nUde nha" nhy Nghj quyet Dai hpi Dang lan thd XI da chf Phan cap quan If ddi vdi GD la mpt yeu td quyet djnh ydu td Idn rna cac nUdc tren the gidi deu quan tam nham nang cao hieu qua QLGD Ddi vdi nude ta, phan cap, phan quyen giOa clifnh quydn trung Udng va dja phydng, giijfa cac cd quan quan If hanh chfnh nha nUde cung cap la mpt npi dung quan trpng cong cupc cai each hanh chfnh nha nudc TrUdc ySu cSu ddi mdi manh me eua nen GD nudc nhh, v^n de phSn csip, phan quydn QLGD can dupe xem xet nghien cdu th^u ddo Bdi vl, dSy chfnh la mpt bien phap hiJfu hi^u de nang cao hi^u qua quan If GD, la ddng lye quan trpng thijc dSy sy nghipp cdng nghiep hda, hi^n dai hoa; la dieu kiSn de phat then ngudn Iyc ngudi yeu td ed ban cho sy phat then xa hpi, tang trydng kinh te nhanh va ben vOng Trong hp thdng GD, giao dye phd thdng (GDPT) giO vj tn nen tang GD&DT nhUng nhieu nam nay, chat lupng GDPT nude ta cdn thap so vdi cac nude khu vyc va tren the gidi Mpt nhufng nguyen nhan cd ban la cdng tac QLGD cdn yeu kem Chfnh vl vay, can phai day manh phan cap quan If GD, dac biet la ddi vdi GDPT Ph§n c3'p quin If nha nif^c dS'i vdi giao due thdng 2.1 Khai ni^m Phan cap QLGD la qua trinh thiet ke lai he thdng va cac quy trinh, trach nhi^m, quyen han va tfnh chju trach nhiem he thdng GD Viec thiet ke lai he thdng va quy trinh ed nghTa la xac djnh lai, phan cdng lai eac chdc nang, nhiem vy, quyen han cCia tdng cap (trung Udng, tlnh, huypn, trudng) cung nhu quy trinh quan hp cdng viec gitifa cac cap khac nhau, giufa cac cd quan cd lien quan thupe khu vye nha nude va phi nha nude Phan cap quan If nha nUdc (QLNN) ddi vdi GDPT thye chat Id vipe thin khai cae hoat dpng hanh ehinh nha nude qua trinh chl dao cac hoat dpng GD d ed sd Nd vda theo nguyen tac quan If hanh chfnh nha nude vda theo nguyen tac hanh chfnh - giao dye ddi vdi cae trudng phd thdng Vide phan cap QLNN ddi vdi GDPT cd tac dpng tfch cyc den hi^u qua quan If va chat luglng giao due - dao tao 2.2 Thyc trang phan cap qu^n If nha nUdc ve giao dye thong Nhln chung, nhiJfng nam qua, tinh hinh phan cap quan If nha nUdc ve giao dye phd thdng da dat dupe nhufng ket qua dang khfch Id, tao sy chuyen bien ro ret edng tac QLGD Tuy nhien, vi la bUde dau thyc hien nen khdng tranh khdi nhufng tdn tai, vydng mac can dupe giai quyet: -Vi^c lap kd hoach tai nhidu ndi cdn phfin ndo mang tfnh hinh thdc VI v$y, nhidu trudng hpp, kd hoach dupe phe duy^t ehUa ddp dng nhu eSu thyc td Vf dy: nhidu tlnh thdnh cQng tidn hdnh quy hoach mang lUdl trudng Idp nhung quy trinh tidn hdnh cdng tdc ndy khdng dya vdo tlnh hinh thyc td vd ydu du phdt t h i n ndn nhOng quy hoach ndy du dupe duy$t nhUng khdng t h i n khai dUdc - Cdng tdc qudn If nhdn sy, mdt sd ndi sy phdi hdp khdng tdt giufa ed quan ndi vy vd cd quan QLGD vl$c xdy dyng kd hoach bidn chd ndn gdy nhidu khd khdn cho ngdnh GD vide xdy dyng k l hoach phdt t h i n GD: + Cd cau gido vidn khdng ddng bd, ndi thda, ndi thidu; + Khi bd nhi#m Hidu trudng, nhidu ndi khdng tham khdo y kien eua ngdnh GD, d l d i n ddn tlnh trang "vl ngUdi xdp vide" khdng "Vl vide xdp ngudi"; + Vide ddo tao gido vidn khdng ddng bd theo vdng mien vd theo ed edu gido vidn - Cdng tdc thuyen chuyin gido vidn cQng g$p mdt sd VUdng m i c nhu pham vi tlnh, thuySn chuyin gido vidn, mdt sd cd quan chdc ndng khdng phdi hpp vdi ngdnh GD Dieu dd dan den tlnh trang ngdnh GD khdng n i m dupe thdng tin, gay rd't nhidu khd khdn eho vide xdy dyng kd hoach phdt then ddi ngu GV, chdt lUpng GV khdng ddp ufng dupe nhu cau thyc te Trong edng tdc quan If tdi chfnh, quy trinh xay dyng vd phe duyet ngdn sdch cung gay nhieu khd khan cho nganh GD Bdi vl nd phy thupe vdo mdc dp phdi hpp hay mdi quan he cua nganh GD vdi cdc ngdnh ehiJe nang, ndi ndo ed quan he tdt thi ndi dd thudn Ipi, cdn khdng thi ngUpe lai (tl Id phan bd ngan sdch cho GD ede dja phUdng d ddng bang sdng CCfu Long thdi gian qua ehl d khoang 15% quy djnh phai Id 20%): Theo quy trinh cap phdt ngan sdch thi kinh phf dupe cap phdt tryc tiep td cd quan tdi chfnh Didu ndy dan ddn viec kinh phi eho GD bj cham tre, hoac de bj cat xen d l chi cho cae myc tieu khdc Ngoai ra, cdn cd mdt sd khd khan khdc, nhU: + Viec thye hidn Luat Ngdn sdch nhd nUde ddi hdi cdc trudng can cd dpi ngu kd todn chuyen nghidp, nhUng phSn Idn ke toan d eac trudng hidn Id kidm nhidm ho^e trinh dp khdng dat chuan quy djnh; + Nhieu ndi Phdng GD&DT khdng qudn If cdc trUdng phd thdng, nhung lai quan if quy lUdng vd todn, quyet toan cho khdi ndy d i n ddn qud tdi cdng vide + Ngdnh GD thUdng khdng biet trUdc tdng kinh phf hoat ddng cda minh theo ndm (trd quy lUdng) ndn khd l|ip ke hoach phat triln GD - Cdng tdc tra GD thUdng xdy tlnh trang: cd sd phap If eho hoat ddng tra GD cdn chdng chdo, thieu van ban cy t h i , mdt so van ban cdn cd nhufng d i l u khoan khdng khdp vd thang d i l m ddnh gid, gdy khd khan cho vide ddnh gid hay xi^ phat hdnh chfnh nganh GD Trong cdng tac thdng tin, hidn chUa cd quy djnh cy the ve trdeh nhiem cCia eac cap QLGD vide xdy dyng hp thdng thdng tin va thu thap thdng tin vd QLGD VI thd, hidu qua trao ddi vd xCf If thdng tin chUa cao, ed sd khdng c$p nhdt dii thdng tin ve nhieu mat ndn chUa chCi ddng edng tdc s6 4-2012 DmivaHdc — - — - - — - - - — - — - - JNCAY NAY MOt sd' giii ph^p cor bin d^y mgnh ph3n cd'p giio dgc phtf thOng Vide phdn cdp QLGD ddl vdl GDPT bUde ddu da phdt huy tfnh ty chju trdch nhidm eCia ngUdI Idm QLGD, gdp phln ndng cao hidu qud, hidu lye ho^t ddng eCia cdc cd sd gido dye Tuy nhidn, d l cd-thl khic phyc nhOfng nhupe dilm ndu trdn, ehdng tdi dd xult mdt sd gidi phdp cd bdn nhu'sau: a) Dii mdi td phin dp quin II GDPT TrUdc hit, eln nh$n thdc rd vai trd cua phdn d p qudn If la rdt quan trpng Ndu phdn e l p h(?p If, khoa hpc thl diiu hdnh thdng sudt, cdng vide ed kdt qud, trdch nhidm se rd rdng Dd phdn d p hdp If, khoa hpc, nguydn tie cao nhit phdi Id ddn vj ndo chju trdeh nhidm chfnh GD thi dUpc i!iy quydn phdn cdp manh Sd GD&DT, cdc phdng GD, cdc cd sd GD la nhOng ddn vj chju trdch nhidm chfnh vd GD thl phdi dupe ddm bdo tUdng dng giOfa nhidm vy, thim quyln, trdeh nhidm, ngudn lye tdi chfnh, cd sd vdt chit, nhdn sy vd cdc didu kidn eln thidt khdc d l thye hidn nhidm vy dupe giao Phdn cap phdi g i n lidn vdi dy quydn hpp If b) X&y di/ng vii hokn thi$n cic vin bin phip luit chinh sich thi chi dii vdi GD ndi chung vi GDPT ndi ning D l gdp phln hodn thidn hd thdng vdn ban phdp quy ve phdn d p QLNN ITnh vye GD, d n tidp tyc rd soat lai hp thdng vdn bdn phdp quy vd phdn d p QLGD ciia dja phUdng Cdc vdn bdn ndy bao gdm cdc thdng tu, ehl thj, nghj quydt, thdng bdo eCia cdc cd quan cd thim quydn (uy ban nhdn ddn, Sd GD&DT, Sd Ndi vy, Sd Kd hoach vd Dau tu, Sd Tai chfnh vd cdc ban ngdnh cd lien quan tdi GD) ve van de ed lidn quan ddn phdn d p qudn If ve GDPT trdn dja ban c) Kien toin h$ thing cd quan quin Ii GDPT d dja phuang Xdy dyng van bdn phdp quy dd quy djnh rd chtjfe nang, nhidm vy vd quyln han cua t)d may QLGD d dja phUdng vdi tu each ed quan chuydn mdn chju trdeh nhipm tham mufu ve QLGD d dja phUdng Trdn cd sd chdc ndng, nhidm vy, xdy dyng md hinh khung vd cd d u td chufc bd mdy chung trdn todn qudc, vdi mdt sd phUdng dn nhd d$c thu eho tdng dja phUdng Xdc djnh khung djnh bidn eho phdng vd s6 GD&DT trdn ed sd ed tfnh ddn ddc thd eCia mdt sd dja phUdng nham dam bdo hidu qua hoat ddng cua bd mdy QLGD dja phUdng Quy djnh cd chd phdi hdp hoat ddng bd mdy QLGD vd giufa bd mdy QLGD vdi ede ban ngdnh khdc d) Hoin thl$n ca chi tra, kiim tra dim bio viec phin cip QL GDPT Cdng tdc tra, kilm tra Id mdt khdu quan trpng quy trinh qudn If Khdng ed tra, kilm tra, ddnh gid tdt thl hidu qud qudn If khdng cao Hd thdng tra, kilm tra cd t h l ddnh gid ddng nhOng ndi dung da dUdc phan cap, ddm bao eho vide phdn d p quan If GDPT dupe thye hidn thdng nhdt vd mang lai hidu qud QLGD e) Ning cao ning li/c cQa doi ngu cin bg QLGD Ndng cao trinh dd ciia ddi ngu cdn bd qudn If gido dye ve mpi mdt d l san sdng tilp nhdn dy^c sy phdn d p cua trung Udng vd d p tren D^c bidt, d n cd k l hoach ddi han vide tuyIn chpn, bdi dUdng ddi ngu ke cdn, trdnh vide thidu ngudn cdn bd qudn If Hodn thidn cd chd qudn If theo hudng tang cUdng k? ludt, kl cUdng hoat ddng day vd hpc, nang cao tinh than ^ y4JFi()c 364-2012 NGAy NAY _ i _ _ _ » _ _ trdch nhipm va dao diJc nghd nghidp cua nhd gido vd cdn bp Hipu trudng ddng vai trd try cpt vide trien khai phUdng QLGD, phdn edng, phdn d p hpp If giOa cae d p , cdc ed quan thile qudn If mdi nhung phdi huy ddng dupe sy ddng gdp trf ve trdeh nhiem, quyen han quan If nhd giao vd cdnbd QLGD tud eua mpi thdnh vien nhd trUdng vd phat huy tdi da sufe De nang cao chat lupng hoat dpng cua dpi ngu cdn bd manh ciia cha mp hpc sinh, chfnh quydn dja phUdng, cdng QLGD, didu quan trpng trUde mIt la phai sodt, bo sung, ddng xa hpi, nham myc tidu ndng cao chat lUpng day hpc hodn thidn cac quy djnh, chfnh sdch, chd dd vd bd nhidm, nhd trudng; sii dyng, dai ngd, kiem tra, ddnh gid ddi vdi nhd gido, cdn Xdy dyng mdi trudng day hpc hpp tdc, than thien bp QLGD cung nhu cdc didu kidn dam bdo thye hipn ede Chu trpng edi tidn chd dp tidn lUdng, khen thudng, ehd dp chinh sdch, chd dp dd nham tao ddng lye thu hut, dpng dai ngd hpp If; vidn dpi ngu nhd gido, cdn bp QLGD todn tdm, todn y - Do! mdi cdng tdc kilm tra, ddnh gia td vide xay dyng vd phycvy sUnghippGD triln khai thyc hidn chuan ddnh gid, sd dung cdc hinh thiJc g) Phan djnh cu th§', ro ring chdc ning, nhidm vy cua cdc vd phUdng phap KT-DG ddn vipc thye hidn quy trinh danh cd quan QL ve GDPT gid vd xd If kdt qud; Phai phan djnh rd rang chiife nang, nhidm vy cda cdc cd Thidt Idp hd thdng ho trp nhU: Trung tam tuvan quan quan quan If vd GDPT nhu sau: If, CLB hipu trudng, nhIm giup nhd trudng vide thyc -NhOfng cdng vipe md uy ban nhan ddn (UBND) tfnh cd hipn nhipm vy vd gidi quydt cdc vdn de phdt sinh qua quyen quydt djnh trinh thyc hidn quydn ty chd - NhOfng cdng vipc md UBND tlnh quyet djnh sau cd y K§'t luSn kidn cua Bp GD&DT Vide phdn cap QLGD Id mdt bd phdn nam ehUdng - NhOfng cdng vide md UBND tlnh uy quydn eho Gidm dde trinh cdi cdch hdnh chfnh Phan d p QLGD chl cd tac dyng Sd GD&DT quydt djnh thyc sy trao quydn quydt djnh eho d p ed s6, cap nhd -NhOfng cdng vide md UBND huydn ed quyen quydt djnh trudng Se khd tim thay mdt md hinh phan d p quan If GDPT - NhDng cdng vide md Trudng phdng GD&DT dupe quydn thdng nhat cho ed nude, vl moi dia phUdng deu cd nhOng quyet djnh didu kien cy thd khac Didu quan trpng la can tim eho h) Xa hoi hoa GDPT nhOng dilm chung d l quy djnh vd thudc vao dac GDPT phai dUpc phdt then theo phUdng thdc xa hdi hda dilm rieng md cd nhOng hudng dan cu the cho tdng dia - mdt phUdng thiJfc dem lai hieu qua thidt thyc dupe cdc d p phUdng qudn If xa hdi, QLGD tan dyng vd phdt huy Xa hpi hda GD Vdi nhOfng npi dung da de cap tren day, dd Id ddng gdp y GDPT d n thyc hien cdc ndi dung hoat ddng: kidn de cdc cap quan If ed them ed sd dinh hudng cho nhufng - Huy ddng toan xa hdi tham gia phdt trien quy md GD, quyet djnh vd phan d p QL GDPT thdi gian tdi thyc hien myc tieu xay dyng xa hdi hpc tap tren ca nyde; Da dang hda cdc hinh thdc hpc tap vd loai hinh nhd TAI LIEU THAiW KHAO trudng; Dang Quoc Bao - Nguyin Dac HUng (2004), Giao due Viet Nam - Da dang hda cac loai hinh nha trudng tham gia vao qua hi/dng tdi tuang laiVan de vi giai phap, Nxb Chfnh trj Qudc gia Ha trinh GD; tham gia xay dyng cdc dieu kien phat trien GD Ndi i) Trao quyen tU chu cho cic trUdng thdng Bd GD&DT - Vien Nghien cilu Phat triin giao dgc (2003), Chien Ddi mdi quan If nhd trudng theo hudng tang cUdng quydn lUpcphat triSn giao due the 1^1 XXI- Kinh nghiim cija cac q ty chu cho nha trudng Nha trudng dUpc trao nhidu quyen gia, Nxb Chfnh trj Quoc gia Ha Npi hdn viec quydt djnh nhOfng van dd lien quan ddn hoat DUdng Thi Lan Chi, Mpf so van de ve ap dung Ii thuyet phan ddng cija chfnh minh vd phat huy tfnh chu ddng, sang tao dp quin II nhi nUdc vio bd may nhi nUdc vi nhOng kinh nghiem cua ede lye lU^ng GD va ngodi nhd trydng Bdi vidt ho?t ddng thi/c tiin quin lid Viet Nam, Website Trung tam Thdng tin ndy xin dd xuat mdt sd bien phdp sau: Kinhte-VKT -Xay dyng va hodn thien cdc van bdn phdp If ve phdn Dang Thj Thanh Huyen (2001), Giao due phS thdng vdi phat d p , phdn quyen QLGD, quy djnh rd chdc nang, nhiem vy, triin chit lU0ng ngudn nhin li/e, Nxb Khoa hpc Ha Npi quyen han vd trdeh nhiem quan If ciia cdc cap; Tran Kilm (2004), Khoa hgc quin IInhi tnJdngph6thdng, Nxb Ndng cao nhan thdc dpi ngu cdn bd qudn If cdc d p , Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi giam bdt tinh ehl dao mdt chieu, khuyen khfch, ho trp, tao Ddng Ba Lam (chd bidn) (2005), Quin linhi nUdc vigiao due, dieu kien eho nha trudng phdt huy vai trd chii ddng IIluin vi thiJc tiin, Nxb Chfnh trj Qudc gia, Ha Npi quan If; ^ V6 Kim Sdn (2004), Phan cap quan linhi nUdc- Li luan vi thU - Chuan bj tdt ede didu kidn ve eon ngUdi, cy the Id can tiin, Nxb Chfnh trj Qud'c gia Ha Npi bd quan If nhd trUdng, cae thdnh vidn vd^nhOng^ngUdi ed Nguyin Thj Thanh Tam (2008), Phin cip quan linhi nUdc doi ii§n quan can dupe ddo tao, bdi dUdng d l ed hilu bidt vd vdi glio due thong {iySXh\Jicmr\M\ Ben Tre), Luan van Thae s dd nang lye thyc hien ty qudn, chii ddng, sang tao qudn II hanh chfnh cdng Nguyin Xuan Te (2008), Quyin ti/ehu, tUchiu trieh nhiem eu cdng vide; - Xdy dyng quy chd hoat ddng cua Hdi ddng trUdng, xdc eiccdsdgiio due, Website TrUdng Can bp quan ligiao dye Thanh djnh mdi quan he cda Hdi ddng trudng va cdc td chiJc phd Ho Chf Minh 10 Dinh Thi Minh Tuyet (2007)," Viphan cap quan ligiao due trudng, mdi quan he giOa Hdi ddng trUdng vd hidu trUdng, dio tao dnUdc ta hien nay, Tap chi Quan If nha nUdc (sd 142) (Theo dam bdo nhd trUdng hoat ddng ed hieu qua; Tap chf Khoa hpc TrUdng DHSP TP Ho Chf Minh sd 3/2012) Thye hien dan ehCi hda quan If trudng thdng