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PHUDNG PHAP RBI UIYEN Kl NANG DDC VA lit lAT CAT DIA HINH CHD HDC SINH THONG DAY HDC DIA l l TH NHIEN VIET NAM • • • • • • QTRUOriQ PHO THONQ 1 Be mat Trai dat gdm nhieu dang dja hinh (OH), chung phin[.]
PHUDNG PHAP RBI UIYEN Kl NANG DDC VA lit lAT CAT DIA HINH CHD HDC SINH THONG DAY HDC DIA ll TH NHIEN VIET NAM QTRUOriQ PHO THONQ • • • • • • PGS TS DAU THI HOA* Be mat Trai dat gdm nhieu dang dja hinh (OH), chung phin bd khdng ddng nha't, khdng tap trung maed nhieu dang DH rat phde tap, dan xen vao (noithi eao, thap, Idi Idm, gd ghe, noi thi lithung lung, bon dia sau, nai la nui non tnjng diep, noi la ddng bing ) Vi vay, de'the hien dupe be mat Trai dat hay be mat chiu lue, khu vuc, qud'c gia mdt eich true quan nhat, ngudi ta thudng su'dung litcitben canh de bdsung eho cic ban dd tunhien dupe rd nhi't Lit cat dja hinh (LCDH) lieieh thdc dekhdi phue lalDH thue te tu nhien dua vao eae dudng binh dp va thang mau sic, giup ta hinh dung dupe eu the'DH cila mdt khu vuc, theo hudng nhi't djnh nio dd, qua dd chung ta cd the' bleu rd hon ve ban chat hinh thai cua cic dang BH dupe the' hien tren ban dd Viee hudng din hpc sinh (HS) dpe lit cit v i ve LCOH giup cho viee day va hpc dja li tu nhien Viet Nam dat hieu qua cao Ren kTnang doc LCDH Viet Nam 1) Cach thuc tien hanh Trong sach giao khoa Djali8,AtlatDjali8vaD|ali12,Atlatejali12kem theo ban doDH deu cd eic LCDH De HS dpe dupe LCDH, giao vien (G V) can phai hudng din theo eieh thdc sau day: - Hudng din HS dpe tin LCBH Khi dpe LCDH, HS se biet duqc lit cit di qua nhung mien, khu DH nao, die'm dau va die'm eud'i eua lit eat •HutingdinHSdoichiaiiitcatvdibanrfd'de'timkhu vuc lit cat di qua tren ban (khu vuc ma lit cit di qua tren ban d6cdthelamdtmien,haimien,haycanudc).Td do, xac djnh dupe hudng eat cua lit eat tren ban dd •Oi/a vao litcitkithgp vdiban do, GVyeu cau HS dgc tin nhdng khu vuc lit cat thehien Thudng day la nhCmg khu vuc Idn gin vdi nhung mien DH duqc ghi bdi hang ehuben tren, moi khu vuc lai chua nhieu kleu,dangOH Giua eic khu vucDH dupe phan biet bdi nhi/ng dudng net dut thing gdc vdi DH hay nhifng dudng thing net lien eddau muiten dhai dau song song vdi mat phang DH Nhirng khu vuc DHddayed the'lamien nui, ddng bing, cao nguyen Tie'p theo se xac djnh eic khu vuc.dja danh eu the' ma lat cit di qua, nhu: khu Ddng Bic, Tay_ Bic cd nhung nui nio, eao nguyen, sdng, dong bing nao - GV dit nhung cau hdi cu thi cho tdng khu vi/e BH dins tra ldi, nhu: + Khu vuc DH gdm ed nhirng kieu, dang OH nao?;-i-Ddcao Idn nhat v i dp eao thap nha't eua khu vuc? (nhin vao LCDH ket hpp vdi ban HS dua vao thang tang mau va true dung eua lit cit de tra Idi); + Gia hay tre? (dua vao hinh thai cua vung DH); + Khu vuc cd nhung sdng nao chay qua va nam tren dp eao bao nhieu? - G Vyiu cau, hudng din HS nhan xet chung ve die diim BH lit cit di qua L i nhin xet ehung, nen HS cd the' nhin xet DH m i lit cit di qua ed cau taic nhu the nio? Cao hay tha'p (dua vio dp cao tuyet dd'i)? Gia hay tre (dua vao hinh thii)? Ddng nhi't hay cd su tuong phan? Hudng nghieng eiia DH? DH ed die die'm gi nd'i bat? - Sau mdi khu vuc BH, GV ed thi yiu cau va hudng din HS tri idi anh hudng cua die diim BH tdi phittriin kinh ti hay sinh hoat cda khu vuc Vidu thue hanhiChqn mdtLCOH tuson nguyen odng Vin de'n eua sdng Thai Binh (trang • Atlat dja li Viet Nam) De HS dpe lit eat nay, GV hudng din theo cae bude sau: Bude 1:Dqc ten LCOH the hien khu vuc nao tren ban dd: LCOH tuson nguyen Ddnp Vin de'n eua sdng Thai Binh; Budc2:D& chie'u lit cit vdiban ddde'xae djnh khu vuc the'hien ciia lit cit: Khu vuc the'hien lit eittliude mien BicvapdngbicBicBp; Bude 3; bua vao ban dd va lit cit de xac djnh lit cit di qua nhiing khu vuc nao tren ban dd: - Lit eat keo dai tu son nguyen Dong Van - Ha Giang tdi cua song Thai Binh theo hudng Tiy bic-Ddng nam;-Lit eat di qua cae khu vuc DH: Viet Bic, Ddng bic, ddng bing Bac Bd (cu the: son nguyen Dong Van, nui Phiabooe, canh eung Ngan San,canbeung Bic Son,ddng bing sdng ' Khoa fija li, TnrAng Dai hoc sir pham • Dai hoc Da Nang Tap chi Gido due so 326 (ki 2-1/2014) Hdng; cit qua nhiing eon sdng: sdng Gam, sdng Ning, - Khi dpe lit cit phai dpe tu trii sang phai va dpe khu sdng Cau, sdng Thuang, sdng Luc Nam, sdng Kinh vi/e trude rdi dpe tdng ye'u td nd'i bat khu vuc Ren luyen kTnang ve LCDH Thay); Budc4:Phan tich tung datupncj the'hien tren lit Trong day hpc Bia //'dtnrdng phdthdng, viee hudng eat: - Khu vuc ViitBie:Hh]n vao lit cat, GV cdthedit ciu hdi: + Khu vuc Viet Bic gdm nhung dinh nui, sandin HS ve lit cit ehua dupe ehu trpng (vi khdng ed nguyen nio? Bd cao, hinh thii eua niii sao?; yeu cau eua chuong trinh), nhung deHS cdthe' •h Khu vuc Viet Bic gdm ed nhung eon sdng nio? dpe lit eit thuan thuc thi viec hudng din HS ve lit cit la + Xic djnh nai tha'p nhii vi nai eao nhii eua khu vucratquan trpng GVed thedanh thdi gian hudng din HS each ve, sau ddehobaitapvenhade'HS thue hanh ve ViitBacedddcaoiibaonhiiu?Hhuvay,BHkhuvuc 1) Cach tii'n hanh M ud'n ve LCD H, trude het phai Viet Bac cd die die'm gi? Vdi DH nhu vay se tao thuan Ipi hay khd khin gi eho su phit trien kinh te hay ehpn hudng eit, vj tri lit eat cho cd the neu dupe sinh boat eiia vung?; -Khu vi/cBdngBia.GN eung cd die die'm die tamg cua OH mdt khu vuc can tim hieu the hdi va hudng din HS tra Idi nhung eau hdi tuong tu, (ed the cit ngang, dpe, cheo; cd the dua vao dudng chang hqin: Thi nio la cinh eung nui? ; - Khu dong kinh tuye'n, vT tuye'n rdi ke dudng cit tren ban ) - Chgn dudng lit cit: + Dung but ehi vach tren ban bing Bae Bd: GV cd the' dua nhung ciu hdi nhu: + Khu vuc ddng bing Bae Bd cd BH cao hay thap? dd theo hudng, vj tri eit, ta cd dudng eat (neu cit theo Bing phang hay khdng bang phing? Bd cao trung chieu trung vdi dudng kinh tuyen, vT tuye'n thi khdng binh la bao nhiiu ? Co nhung sdng nio chay qua ?;phai lim bude nay) gap eic dudnp binh dp hoac thang •hVdlBH ddng bing nhu viy si tao thuan igi hay miu tren ban d nhieu dja diem; + Dung thude ke (hoac bing gli'y) i p sit dudng cit, dinh di'u eac khd khin gi eho suphit triin kinh tihay sinh hoat die'm dau, cud'i v i tit ca cie die'm die trung cua dudng cua viing? eit di qua nhu: eic dinh nui, cao nguyen, ddng bing, Tdm lai, qua LCDH, GV giup HS thay dupe rdhon bdn dja, thung lung, sdng ghi lai dp cao tuong ung suphan bdOH tdson nguyen Dong Vin de'n cda eua eua mdi die'm eit vio dudi cha'm danh di'u va sdng Thai Binh theo hudng Tiy bic - Ddng nam ghi lai tren giay ve dung nhu tren neu khdng thay dd'i Bude 5.' Nhan xet die die'm chung cua DH ed lit ti le chieu ngang (neu thay dd'i ti le chieu ngang, phai eat dl qua: - Nhin vio lit cit eho thay, day la khu vuc tinh ti le mdi rdi ve) eddangOH phde tap dan xen Xen lan giua cic • Chgn tili:-¥ Phai ehpn ti le ea chieu eao va chieu nui eao la cic son nguyen, eao nguyen vacicthung ngang (khica chieu cao v i chieu ngang cung mdt tile lung; + Nhin ehung, OH nai day nghieng theo hudng thi gpi la ti le ddng nhat); + Oe the hien OH eao tha'p Tay bae - Odng nam, phia Tay bic cao va hiem trd dupfc rd ban, ehung ta thudng ting ti le chieu cao len ban phia Odng nam, nui eao d phia Tay bic va eang nhieu lan so vdi chieu ngang; + Ti le chieu ngang thi dl ve phia Odng nam la khu vuc dong bing rdng Idn, de'nguyen nhu ti le ban hoac nhan len hay bing phing, cd nhieu nhinh sdng va cd dp cao rat thu nhd may lan theo kho giay ve - Tiin hinh ve: -f Dit ap ria bing giay da chinh li tha'p so vdi muc nude bie'n theo ti le tren vao dudng ke AB tren ban ve eic die'm 2) Quy trinh thue hiin.Be dpe dupe LCD H, G V cham da ghi tren ria bing giay; -i- Td cac diem dinh can hudng dan HS ren luyen theo bude sau: Bude di'u tren tme ngang, ta dung nhifng dudng vudng gdc /.•Ope ten LCOH the'hien khu vuc nao tren ban dd Vi (dungnetdut),idid^ A B C r^ R F du: LCBH tdsan nguyin Bdng Vin din cua sdng chieu VOI taic chieu i ": ' ;;: / • Thii Binh; Bude 2: Cho HS xic dinh dudng cat tren eao ta ed nhung ban do; Bude 3: Cho HS dpe ten hay xic djnh cie diem dai dien vedd I • , , ',-^"^' kieu, khu vuc OH ma dudng cit di qua; Bude 4.-GV cao eua OH dpe ' M — ^ : ' ° ' ••y '"' hudng dan HS tim hie'u die diem tung kieu hay khu theo lit cit Nd'i eac i '.;''' vuc DH; Bude 5; Rut nhin xet chung ve die die'm diem dd se dupe i ,;•'•'' khu vuc OH, mien hay qud'c gia dudng bie'u dlln J'-O" 3) Mdt so'die'm can ehu y dgc LCBH: e a o c d a O H d o c ^'"""SpMpratBSn mi iheo tam gUc ding dmg - Trude dpe lit eit phai nghien cdu ve phan tang theo lit citOdehinh la LCOH dp eao (dua vao bang phan tang mau) tiiuan thue; - Chuy:+ LCOH, tren true dp cao cd ghi sd lieu -Chuyso sanh tile cua ban vivditilebandd dedanh tuong ung v i lit cit, ghi ti le thu nhd hai chieu dpe va gia dupe chinh xac dp cao thue ngoai thue tecua DH; (Xem tiep trang 64) 60 Tap chi Gido due so 326 (ki2-1/2014) Phirang phap ren luyen ki nang was a bit of a figure) she wouU say unhesitatingly: "I like him," (Together and apart, Virginia Woolf) Mdt (Tiep theo trang 60) tardng hpp ding chuy lada'u ngoic don cdthedilng de ddng khung cho mdt tu hay mdt ngd ed tie dung ehu ngang; -I- Tl le thu nhd cho phu hpp vdi khd giay, thich cho mdt td khdng thdng dung (td ed, td dja lam nd'i bit dp cao thi'p cua OH, khdng lim qui sai phua_ng ):thou(you),thee (your), ete.hoiedinh kem lech so vdi thucte chi dan tham khao: (see chapter 8) 2) Quy trinh tie'n hanh: Bude 1: Chpn dudng 13 Ngoac vuong [] - Square brackets (Anh)/ eit; Bude2:Banh di'u nhdng die'm quan trpng nd'i bat brackets (Ml) Di'u ngoic vudng dung gin vdiphan vedd cao tren dudng cit; er/cfca-Chpntiletaicddng them vao lim eiu trich dung ngu phip, - [sic] dien dat va true ngang; Bude 4: Tie'n hanh ve; Bude 5: Hoan y nghTa sai ehinh ta nhung van dupe in tdn trpng thien lit cit nguyen tic (sic= so,thus) nguyen van la nhu viy; Vi du tht/c hinh: Ve LCBH cua khu vt/c Nam dien ten tie gia sau phan trich din tic phi'm, Trung Bd dien ngudn tham khao ndi bd Chuc ning di'u vudng TA tuong duong TV: Miu than Thuan Thien nim thd nhat [1428] ngudi Minh da vinudc, ("Dai Viet Sd ki toan thu") Giio trinh /lEFkhdng trich nguon theo eich ma thudng in dpe khd chu nhd Adapted from , giio vien edthemd rdng gidi thieu don vj niy td bai 2A quye'n 4A AEFXtb di vi d trinii dp giao trinh thudng trich nhieu bai bio Trong day hpc Bja li tunhiin Viet Nam, dpe lit eit Vi'n de sd dung di'u cau mang tinh qua trinh - va ve LCDH ed y nghTa quan trpng, lam nen tang de ban thin vi'n de niy dang van ddng cung ddi sd'ng xa cdthephin tieh die die'm cacye'u td tunhien; die biet hdi vdi nhieu biet dang va dinh gia khie Vdi LCOH eung l i nen tang de'thanh lip lit eit canh quan ngudi hpe TA,nhung ndidung decap thudng datmue td'ng hpp Viee ren kT ning dpe lit eit va ve LCOH d'n djnh cao - lanhung ehui'n muc da dupe ehuan tie chinh la gdp phan dd'i mdi v i ning eao chi't lupng day hda Tuy nhien, thuc te'van dua de'n nhirng ngoai le, va hpe Bia //ndi chung va Bja li Viet Nam ndi rieng lech ehui'n; ngudi van dung can y thdc v i xd li mdt dtrudng phdthdng • cich ed he thd'ng tren eo sd thd'ng nha't ddng thdi y thdc nhifng tuong dong v i dj biet vdi ngdn ngif gdc de' Tai lieu tham Idiao tranh nhdng ldi cdthedudoan dupe nhudi'u cau.Q Atlat Dia li Viet Nam Trung tdm Bdn dS gido khoa Viet Nam, H 1996 Mai Xuan Sang Ren luyen ki n3ng Dia li NXB (1) Olive Oxenden American English Fite Oxford, Gido due, H 1997 USA,2009 NguySn Duoe (tdng chu bien) - NguySn Phi Hanh Tai lieu tham Ichao (chu bien) Dia li NXB Gido due, H 2007 Ha Thiic Hoan Tigng Viet ttnrc hanh NXB TP Le ThOng (tdng chii bien) - NguySn Vitft Thinh H6 Chi Minh, 1996 (chii bien) Dia U12 NXB Gido due Viit Nam, H 2009 NguySn Thj Ly Kha Ngtt phap ti^ng Viet NXB Gido due, TP H6 Chi Minh, 2008 SUMMARY Bui Minh Toan - Le A - DO Viet Hung Tieng Vi6t Transect topography is a tool that reflects the thttchanh.NXB Gidodue,H.\996 certain style and type of terrain in details Based on Trung tam Khoa hoc xa hSi va Nhan vSn Qu6'c gia It we can better understand the nature of the morNg&phip tieng Viet NXB Khoa hoc xd hdi, H 2002 phology of the terrain types shown Thanks to the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary development of Information technology nowadays, people can create softwares that can build transect (2"'' edition) Cambridge University Press, 2005 topography However, understanding the traditional Tim Caudery "A functional guide to some problems way of building It Is specially important Through this of English punctuation" http://studerende.au.dk establishment, pupils can explore the knowledge and geography training skills at the same time The eon(20.06.2013) tents of this article focused on how to build and read Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (7"" transect topography in teaching Vietnam natural geography at high school edition) Oxford University Press, 2005 L«db09cUfintii)lnJ(#D rilBvO M i UriPMn 11.41 •k 64 * * Tap chi Gido due so 326 (ki2-1/2014) ... chuy lada''u ngoic don cdthedilng de ddng khung cho mdt tu hay mdt ngd ed tie dung ehu ngang; -I- Tl le thu nhd cho phu hpp vdi khd giay, thich cho mdt td khdng thdng dung (td ed, td dja lam nd''i... thuan Ipi hay khd khin gi eho su phit trien kinh te hay ehpn hudng eit, vj tri lit eat cho cd the neu dupe sinh boat eiia vung?; -Khu vi/cBdngBia.GN eung cd die die''m die tamg cua OH mdt khu vuc... nhat); + Oe the hien OH eao tha''p Tay bae - Odng nam, phia Tay bic cao va hiem trd dupfc rd ban, ehung ta thudng ting ti le chieu cao len ban phia Odng nam, nui eao d phia Tay bic va eang nhieu lan