MOT SO BIEN PHJiP GlOP SINH VIEN CHUYEN TIENG ANH (TROIING DAI HDC TAY BAC] TV TO C H O C CAC HDAT DONG NGOAI lOP HOC NHiM PHAT TRIEN Kl NANG N O I '''' ThS NGUYEN THI HL/ONG* dttrorig nhiing each tao ra[.]
MOT SO BIEN PHJiP GlOP SINH VIEN CHUYEN TIENG ANH (TROIING DAI HDC TAY BAC] TV TO CHOC CAC HDAT DONG NGOAI lOP HOC NHiM PHAT TRIEN Kl NANG NOI ' ThS NGUYEN THI HL/ONG* dttrorig nhiing each tao co hdi thue hanh ndi tieng Anh eho sinh vien (SV) la SV ti/td' chiic eac hoatddng ngoai Idp hpc nhim tang them CO hdi ndi tieng Anh eho minh Tuy nhien, vi nhieu lido khae_nhau,SV chuyen ngoaingir-Trudng Dai hpc Tay Bic chua biet each va chua dam tu td' ehtre eae hoat ddng ngoai khoa vdi mue tieu la phat trien kT nang ndi Nhu vay, viee tao them co hdi thuc hanh kT nang ndi cho SV chuyen ngoai ngif la vd ciing quan trpng va can thiet Mdt nhung each don gian la gpi y eho SV tu to ehii'c eac hoat ddng ngoai khoa de thue hanh ndi tieng Anh vdi cac IJan cua minh Vainetvetirtochirc cac hoatddng nolngoai Idp hoc Hoatddng ndi ngoai Idp hgc la nhirng hoat ddng xay tien ngoai Idp hpc, vdi mue tieu hudng tdi nhim phat trien kT nang ndi cung nhu kha nang giao tie'p choSV Khai niem 'i'o'fd'c/7ifc"(self-organization) can duqc hieu tren nhieu phuang dien nhu: sutu hudng din (self-instruction), sutudieu khien {se\M\rec\\on), su tu tri {autonomy) va su hudng din dugc ca the hoi (individualized instruction) Theo Dickinson (1), sy tuhudng dan la khai niem trung lap, de cap tdi mpt tinh hud'ng, dd ngudi hpe lam viee ma khdng cd su kiem soat true tie'p cua giao vien Tudieu khien mieu ta mot thai dp cu the eua SV vdi nhiem vu hpe tap eua minh, dd gom ea trach nhiem vdi mdi quye't djnh dua ra, nhung khdng cd nghTa la SV nhait thiet phai dam trach thuc hien tatea nhung quye't djnh dd Khii niim ti/tri m'\eu ta mdt tinh hud'ng, dd ngudi hpc hoan toan phai eh ju trach nhiem vdi nhirng quye't djnh hp dua Hudng din dugc ci the hoi, day la khai niem trung lap de cap tdi dd'i tirpng chiu trach nhiem cho viee hpe Ghaix va 'Neil da djnh nghTa nd la mdt qua trinh hpc duqc gin vdi moi ca nhan ngudi hpc, mang nhimg dac diem rieng cua mdi ea nhan (kil-2/2014) Nhuvay, sututdchdcWen quan de'n khai niem ve trach nhiem vdi hoat ddng hpe Tu td chire eac hoat ddng ndi ngoai ldp hpe khdng ed nghTa la ngudi hpc dupe tu quyet djnh tat ca nhiing gi lien quan de'n viee hpc ciia hp, ma van phai nim miifc dp eho phep, chang han, tudo lua ehpn tai lieu hpc tap hoac ehii de theo nhiing tieu ehi ma giang vien (G V) dua Sifcan thiet cua tirtd chiic cac hoatddng ndi ngoai Idp hgc - Vi yeu cau thuc td.l am quan trpng eiia kTnang ndi va kha nang giao tie'p thdi dai hien la khdng the phii nhan, nhung hien van etiua dupe chii y xiing dang Thdi lupng danh eho hoat dpng ndi tren Idp khung chuang trinh cua khd'i chuyen ngoai ngtr khdng du de SV tiep thu nhirng kie'n thue nen tang, chua ndi de'n nhiing kien thue mdrpng nang eao (3 tiet/tuan dd'i vdi SV nam thiif nha't va nam thii' hai, tuang duang 12 don vj hpe trinh mdi ki; tiet/ tuan dd'i vdi SV nam 3, khoang don vi hpc trinh va nam thii' tu la don vj hpe trinh) Vi vay, rat can cd nhung hoat ddng khac ngoai thdi gian hpe tren Idp nhim nang eao kie'n thiire cho SV, ddng thdi giiip SV cd them thdi gian de thuc hanh nhung gi da hpe - Do cd sukhie biit giira ci nhan SV Viee tu to chuc cac hoat ddng ngoai Idp hpc la each rat hieu qua nhim giai quyet su khac biet giifa ea nhan ngudi hpe ve eac mat, nhu: ning khii'u hgc ngdn ngii(mq\ so ngudi ed kha nang hpe nhanh han nhiing ngudi khac); cich thde linh hdi cung nhu cic chien luge linh hdi kii'n thiic (each thue tie'p can kie'n thire, tie'p can tifng nhiem vu hpc tap eua mdi ngudi cung hoan toan khac nhau); chii'n luge hgc (mdi ngudi hpe cd each hpc khac nhau) -/Wt/c r/et/g'/aofyi/c Theo Corno (2), mue tieu cua giao due khdng chi la hpc hieu qua ma edn la hpc each hpe va truyen thu hieu qua Mue tieu giao due can duqc nhan thu'c dudi hai gdc dp: muc dich ci 'TnrcmgOaihocTayBac Tap chi Gido due so 327 63 2) Hoatddng theo nhdm/cap (pair/group work) nhin (dupe ca nhan ngudi hpc lua chpn dua tren m ue dich rieng cua hp) va muc dich chung (do xa hpi quy dem lai rat nhieu Ipi ieh Khi tham gia hoatddng theo djnh nhim dap ii'ng yeu cau cua tung ea nhan) Viee nhdm/cap, SV se cd them co hdi giao tie'p vdi nhifng tu td'chu'e edthegiiip ngudi hpe dat dupe ea mue tieu SV khac, tat ca cung phai lam viee, ciing phai ndi va trao dd'i vdi Nhu vay, kha nang ndi cung nhusu ea nhan lin mue tieu ehung Tu td'chirc eae hoat ddng hpe ngoai khoa la rat tutin setang them Hon nifa, SV tha'y an toan vabdt huu ieh, nhim giai quye't nhung van de thuc tecua lo ling duqc hoat ddng theo nhdm/cap vdi nhifng SV, ddng thdi cung dat duqc nhirng muc tieu eua ngudi ban quen thude cua minh Hoat ddng cdn ed vai trd khuyen khich SV chia se y tudng, kie'n thu'c giao due Mpt so loai hinh hoat dpng ndi ngoai lap hpc cung nhu sifa sai cho Gd mdt so loai hinh hoat 1) Hoat ddng theo tung ca nhan (individual ddng theo nhdm/cap nhu: a) Thio luan la loai hoat ddng ed kha nang ren work) a) Hoatddng nghe Nghe va ndi la hai quatrinh ciia luyen sutrdi chay, gdm: - Thao luan theo chd de cho sin Mdi nhdm se giao tie'p bang ngdn ngif ndi, nen chiing cd quan he chat chevdinhau.Dethychien hoatddng ndi,ngudindi dupe giao mdt chu de Nhiem vu eiia eae vien tnrdc hetphai nghe, nim bitdupe kie'n thifc vatirddbit nhdm la td'chirc cac hoatddng thao luan dnha chudctheo Vi vay,GV can khuyen khich SV phai nghe Mdinhdm eura mdt nhdm trudng, ed vai trd ehi dao, tieng Anh cang nhieu cang td't va dudi nhieu hinh thijfe dieu khien mpi hoat ddng thao luan eiia nhdm va viet khac nhau, nhu: - Nghe vi nhan diin am, trgng im, ban tdm tit cude thao luan Ban tdm tit se dupe ngudieu (xa\ can thiet), vi dd la nhifng bude nen tangnop eho GV - Thao luan dua tren nhungbiidgc GV dua bai tao nen dp ehinh xac qua trinh ndi; - Nghe cic cudchdithoaihoiceicdoanvindadugcghiam.Wmh dpe eho SV SV cdthe dpe tai lieu dnha, viet tdm thire nghe thue hien khdng khd vi ed rat nhieu bai tit va tie'n hanh thao luan GV cdthechpn tai lieu dpe nghe cd san cae giao trinh tieng Anh (New tir bao hoac tap ehi, nhung ndi dung can phu hpp vdi Headway, Lifelines, New Interchange, lELTS ); -Nghe trinh dd eua SV, ed nhieu thdng tin va gay hifng thii cic bii hit tieng Anh Day la hoat ddng ed kha nang ChoSV, khich leSV rat tot, vi eae bai hat khdng nhifng thii vj ma b) Viet bai luan Day khdng phai la ren luyen kT cung khdng qua khd; -Xem phim ndi tieng Anh Qua nang viet thdng thudng, ma muc dich la thdng qua eac cudc hdi thoai phim, SV cd ca hdi lam quen eac bai luan tu viet, SV cdthe thao luan vdi xung dan vdi am dieu cung nhu ngdn ngif ndi hang cua quanh bai luan ay G V giao cho SV nhifng chude viet, ngudi ban ngif, nhd dd tu tin hon giao tie'p tieng mdi vien nhdm se tu viet bai eua minh; Anh hing ngay; • Nghe eic ban tin bing tieng Anh eae nhdm se tu thao luan dudi nhieu hinh thu'c nhu: Day la hoatddng nghe ddi hdi kha eao, GV nen hudng tirng vien dpe to bai viet eija minh, nhiing din can ke va dua nhOng yeu eau vifa siirc vdi SV, vien khac dat cau hdi xung quanh nhifng van dedupe neu khdng setao cam giac chan nan vi nhiem vu qua neu bai luan aiy, hoac ghi chep nhifng y chinh nang ne cua bai luan, tdm tit lai bai luan bing mieng tjr/7uyerrr/>7/7/77/eng'.Day la hoat ddng kha quan c) Nhin xet/binh luan phim tii'ng Anh Cae nhdm trpng nhifng loai hinh hoat ddng ca nhan ciia cung xem mdt bd phim tieng Anh (cd the ed thuye't SV GV giao nhiem vu hoac nhifng ehii de khac minh tieng Viet hoac phu de tieng Viet) Sau dd, cae cho mdi SV SV ehuan bj dnha ndi dung thuye't trinh nhdm se binh luan hoac neu nhan xet ve bd phim dd, cung nhu tranh anh, cac dung cu true quan de minh nhu: ehii de, chat lupng cua bd phim, dieu gi lam cho hpa eho nhirng chu de va lan lupt thuye't trinh bd phim ay hay/khdng hay, diin vien nao ddng dat eac gid hpc Trong hoat ddng nay, GV chi la ngudi nhat Tuy nhien, cung nhu hoat ddng thuye't trinh dua hoat ddng, cdn SV la ngudi thuc hien Vi vay, mieng, SV bit bude phai dat dupe trinh dp nhat dinh GV nen lua chpn va dua nhifng chu de phu hpp mdi ed the dam nhan dupe nhiem vu va nen ap dung tif dau hpc ki de S V lua ehpn chu de minh thich ChoSV nam thif trd len nha't Hoatddng giup SV them tutin, lam viee ehu d) Hgc cac bai hit tii'ng Anh SV thudng rat ddng va tulap Tuy nhien, de dat dupe hieu qua eao khdi vdi viee hpe hat cae bai hat tieng Anh va eac bai ddi hdi SV ptiai ed dupe trinh dp tieng Anh nha't djnh hat tieng Anh ed rait nhieu Ipi ieh: - Khi nghe hat, SV nen thudng ap dung eho SV nam thir hai trd len phai he't sii'C cham ehii, nhd vay se phat trie'n kha 64 Tap chi Gido due so 327 (kil-2/2014) nang nghe hie'u ciia minh;-Tuvung, ndidung eiia cdng, GV cung nhu SV phai he't sue nd luc, bai hat hoac nhifng kie'n thire van hoa ve bai hat cd the nhiet tinh dau tu thdi gian va cdng sue de' cac hoat dupe dua lam chij de thao luan; - SV cd co hdi nghi ddng dupe thue hien edng • ngoi, thu gian qua trinh nghe hat; - Co vii tinh than ddng dpi; - SV ed the thuc hanh hat cho chinh (1) L Corno - E Richard Adapting teaching to individual difference among learners New York: ban be hoac ngudi than ciia minh Nhiem vu ciia G Via gpi y dupe nhirng bai hat hay, McMillan reference books 1986 (2) L Dickinson Self-instruction in l a n g u a g e npi dung phii hop vdi lira tud'i va trinh dp eiing nhu sd learning Cambridge Univesity Press 1987 thich ciia SV; la ngudi giiip ddSV gap phai nhifng tu khd hie'u; cd the thuc day bing each td chifc eac Tai lieu tham khao cupc thi hat giira eac nhdm Chic chin SV se rat thich D Byrne Teaching Oral English Singapore: Longman Group Ltd 1990 thii vdi hoat ddng P Chaix - C O'Neil A Critical Analysis of Forms e) Ke chuyin Day la hoat ddng dupe nhieu SV of Autonomous Learning in the Field of Foreign yeu thich, vi giup phat huy kha nang sang tao eua Language Learning UNESCO 1987 ngudi tham gia Ngudi dau tien edthebitdau chuyen L Clandfield "Get out of the Classroom: Ideas for bing mdt eau, nhu: "once upon a time there was " o u t d o o r s p e a k i n g c l a s s e s " h t t p : / / w w w o n e Nhifng vien tiep theo phai tie'p tue keeau chuyen stopenglish.com/skills/speaking/speaking lessons/ bing nhirng tudng tupng eiia minh tung eau mdt speaking4.htm Cambridge 3) Hoat dgng toan bg idp hgc (whole class P e n n y D i s c u s s i o n that w o r k s activities) Ca Idp se tham gia vao hoat ddng dudi University Press 1981 si/ehii tri eiia GV Hoatddng ed the dupe td chirc SUMMARY djnh ki hoac theo eac le, kl niem, nhu: Giang sinh, Halloween, Tet, Valentine, 8-3, eija me va The mastery of the communicative use of English Is, today, the goal that most learners wish toachieve c6thedupc tdehifc dudi nhifng hinh thire sau: a) Cudc thi Cac eude thi cd the dupe td chuc vdi Relatively, teaching speaking has taken up a new level of importance For students who are majoring In Engnhieu hinh thifc: thi hat tieng Anh, thi kie'n thuc, hiing lish in general and for those at Taybac University In bien bang tieng Anh Cae cudi thi ludn hap dan SV, particular, speaking English Is not only an Important skill but a compulsory subject They, however, have vi vay nen td'ehuc thudng xuyen relatively few opportunities to communicate in Engb) Cic hoat ddng ngoai khoi khic lish because speaking skill occupies only a modest Tham vien bao tang Td' ehii'e cho SV di tham number of periods In the curriculum The problem is cac di tieh ljch sii', eae dja danh ndi tieng tai dja phuang how to organnlze other activities for studen ts to pracTrude di, GV ed nhirng yeu cau cu theeho SV: ghi tice speaking The writer is, therefore, motivated to suggest some techniques to solve the problem chep lai nhifng thdng tin ve noi de'n tham, ghi lai nhifng gi thii vj hoac nhifng earn xiic sau chuyen di - Da ngoai GV cd the td chii'c cae eude da ngoai theo chii de Ngoai muc dich vui choi, giai tri, mdi (Tiep theo trang 56) cude da ngoai edn tao eho SV ea hdi thuc hanh kha nang ngdn ngireua minh theo nhifng yeu eau eu the miin nui Lujn van thae si Giao due hpc, Truang Dai cua G V Vi du: - Sir dung cau true mdi, de nghj (let's hpc su pham - Dai hpc Thai Nguyen, 2006 go , why don't we , shall we , what about ); - Liet ke nhirng tu vung lien quan de'n dd an, dd ud'ng ; SUMMARY The paper presents two pedagogical experiments - Liet ke cac each dien dat khac de dien ta: Idi within the project taught in somehlgh schoolln Vinh camon, Idixinldi, Idikhen Thirc nghiem day hoc theo dir an Tdm lai, su hiiu ieh eua cac hoat ddng ndi ngoai Idp hpc la khdng the phii nhan Tuy nhien, viee to' chii'c thudng xuyen va rdng rai eae boat dpng khdng d l , vi ddi hdi nhieu yeu td (thdi gian, dja diem, cdng viee ciia GV cung nhu eiia SV ) Detd chirc (kil-2/2014) Phue Content: in the experimental class, the teacher made the teaching process and production projects using electricity, at the control layer, a review of teacher knowledge production and power usage The results showed that the academic achievement of the experimental class students (teachers teaching project basis) higher grade control class (teachers teaching In the traditional method) Tap chi Gido due so 327 65 ... tri eiia GV Hoatddng ed the dupe td chirc SUMMARY djnh ki hoac theo eac le, kl niem, nhu: Giang sinh, Halloween, Tet, Valentine, 8-3, eija me va The mastery of the communicative use of English