y ki4n trao d6i 86 34 ndm 2012 MOT S6 BIfN PHAP GIUP SINH VIEN HQC TAP M 6 N T H 6 N G KE TRONG KHOA HQC XA HQI C 6 Hlf U QUA NG6 OINH QUA" T6M TAT Bdi bdo de cdp din vi$c sic dgng cdc bifn phdp dgy h[.]
86 34 ndm 2012 y ki4n trao d6i MOT S6 BIfN PHAP GIUP SINH VIEN HQC TAP M N T H N G KE TRONG KHOA HQC XA HQI C Hlf U QUA NG6 OINH QUA" T6M TAT Bdi bdo de cdp din vi$c sic dgng cdc bifn phdp dgy hqc, nhu: gdn liin vifc hqc t4p mdn Thdng ki khoa hqc xd h^i v&i mdn Phuang phdp nghiin ciru khoa hpc, gdn li thuyit vdi thuc hdnh; ddng th&i niu lin mpt so bifn phdp nhdm gdp phdn ndng cao hifu qud hpc tgp cho sinh viin Tir khda: bifn phdp dgy hgc, phuang phdp nghidn cuu, thong kd khoa hgc xd hfi, ABSTRACT Some measures to help students study Statbtics applied in Social Sciences efficiently The article is about using teaching procedures such as combination of study of Statistics applied in Social Sciences with Research Methodology; integration of theory into practice; and suggesting some measures to enhance students learning effectiveness Keywords: teaching method, research methodology Statistics applied m Social Science Ddt vin de Thdng kd khoa hgc xd hgi Id mgt mdn hgc dugc dua vdo chuomg trinh ddo tgo hf ciir nhdn d mgt so Uudng dgi hgc nhim gidp sinh vidn cd kiln thurc vd kT ndng xir li so lifu Uong qud Uinh nghidn ciiu Ld mdn hgc cin din kT ndng tinh todn Thong kd Uong khoa hgc xd hgi vi v$y cd thi Ud tiidnh mgt mdn khd hgc doi vdi da phin sinh vidn cdc ngdnh ciia khoa hgc xd hfi Tuy nhidn,, ngdy nay, nhd cd mdy vi tinh vdi cdc phin mim tinh todn ndn nhflng khd khdn Udn dd dugc gidi quyit mgt phin Trong ndm tham gia gidng dgy mdn Thing kd khoa hgc xd hgi tgi • TS, Tm^ng Ogi hpc Su phgm TPHCM 134 Trudng Dgi hgc Md Thdnh Ho Chi Minh (TPHCM), tir ndm 2008-2011, chiing tdi dd phdt hifn nhflmg khd khdn md sinh vidn thudng g$p Uong qud trinh hgc tgp Do dd, chung tdi ludn co ging tim nhflmg bifn phdp thich hgp dk c6 the giiip sinh vidn hgc tot mdn hgc ndy Cor sd cua vifc de xuit cdc bifn phdp 2.L Cas&lilu^n Trong qud trinh gidng dgy, chiing tdi nhgn thiy ring dl sinh vidn cd thi ITnh hgi dugc kilntiiiircthi gido vidn phdi cd nhflmg phuang phdp gidng dgy hifu qua, chgn Igc nhflmg kiln thiire Ugng tdm dl tmyIn dgt, ddng thdi sinh vien phdi c6 nhflmg bifn phdp hgc tgp tich cyc Nhumg vin dk dugc chung tdi dimg ldm ca sd li ludn cho vifc dk xuit cdc bifn phdp Tap chl KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Ngd Dinh Qua giiip sinh vidn hgc tap mdn hgc ndy hifu qua hom 2.1.1 Li thuyit hqc tap Cd nbilu li thuyit hgc tap, nhumg hien li thuyit dugc nbilu ngudi quan tam vd sir dyng la hgc tap thdng qua hogt dpng cua ngudi hgc Mdt nbilu nhidm vy ddt cho ngudi hgc la ITnh hgi kiln thiic va hinh kT ndng Nhifm vu chi cd thi hodn tdt nlu ngudi hgc tiin hanh hogt dgng hgc dudi su hudng dan ciia gido vidn Li thuyit Id eo sd dl chiing tdi dl xuit cde bifn phap vd phia gidng vidn cung nhu cdc bidn phdp vl phia sinh vidn 2.1.2 Li ludn dgy hpc Nhumg vin dk co ban eiia li ludn day hgc nhu: cdu tnic cua hogt ddng dgy hpc, cdc nguyen tde vd phuomg phdp dgy * hpc dugc dung ldm cdn cu de tim kidm cac bifn phdp giiip sinh vidn hgc tap mdn Thing kd Uong khoa hgc xd hdi cd kit qua 2.2 Cas& thuc tiin Tir thyc tl dgy hgc mdn Thdng kd khoa hgc xa hdi, Uong qud trinh thyc hanh bdi tap, sinh vidn cdn gap nhieu khd khdn Do dd, cin diic kit nhimg kinh nghifm tir bdi hgc thyc tidn de giiip sinh vidn hgc tgp mdn mdt each de ddng hom 2.2.1 Khd khdn linh hpi kiin thdc Thing kd toan hgc la mdn hgc tuong ddi khd ddi vdi sinh vidn cdc %dnh cua khoa hgc xa hgi vi ngudi hgc can cd kT ndng tinh todn va ndng lyc tu trim tugng Khd khan cd thi ^ ^ qua nlu gidng vidn bilt dom gidn hda vdn dd hgc tdp cung nhu giang dgy phil hgp vdi doi tugng 2.2.2 Khd khdn luyfn tap kindng ST so sinh vidn ciia gid len ldp mdn Thong kd khoa hgc xd hfi d mgt sd trudng dgi hgc thudng dat khoang 100 ngudi, phdng hgc chi cd mft mdy vi tinh ciia giang vidn vd mft sd it mdy ciia sinh vidn, ndn vide luyfn lap kT ndng xu li sd lifu thong kd bdng phin mim trdn may vi linh trdn ldp se khd dgt ydu ciu ddi vdi tdt cd sinh vidn Tir li luan va thyc tidn dd, ehiing tdi dd dua va dp dyng mdt sd bifn phap gidng dgy va hgc tap mdn hgc ndi trdn, tgi Khoa Ddng Nam A, Tmdng Dgi hgc Md TPHCM Mft so bifn phdp giiip sinh vien hgc tap mon Thong ke khoa hgc xd hgi cd hifu qua 3.1 Nhdm cdc bien phdp giup sinh viin linh hpi kiin thurc Bifn phdp 1: Gidng dgy kien thire y thdng ke thdng qua nhung di tdi nghiin ciru Gidng vidn cin gidng dgy mdn Thing kd khoa hgc xd hdi gdn vdi mdn Phuang phdp nghidn ciiu khoa hgc, xem Thong kd nhu mgt cdng cy hd trg cho vifc nghidn ciiu khoa hgc cua sinh vidn Chinh vi vdy, gidng vidn cin ddt myc tidu hgc tap mdn hgc ciia sinh vidn Id hgc thing kd dl xu li sd lifu cho dl.tai nghien cuu; cin gin nhflmg bai hgc (chuong) vdi nhflmg dk tdi nghidn cim, cung nhu nhflmg cdng cy (bdng hdi ), phuomg phdp nghidn cuu (diiu tra viit, thyc nghifm ) phgm vi chuydn 135 y kien trao d6i ngdnh cua sinh vidn gid ldn Idp cua minh Vi du: Khi dgy chuang I "Mft s6 khdi nifm cdn ban thong kd", chiing tdi dd tdm tit quy trinh sdu budc cua vifc thyc hidn mgt dk tdi nghidn ciiu cd sir dyng thong kd va chi vifc sii dyng thdng kd chi Id mgt sdu budc ciia quy trinh iy Dd Id: (1) Phdl biiu tdn dl lai vd cdu hdi nghidn cuu, (2) Ndu gid thuyit nghidn ciiu chinh Id cdu trd ldi cd tinh chit phdng dodn eho cdu hdi nghidn Cliu d trdn, (3) Chuin bj cdng cy nghidn Cliu (bang hdi hodc cdng cy khdc tiiy theo ngudi nghidn ciiu sii dyng phuomg phdp nghidn ciiu ndo), (4) Tiin hdnh sir dyng cdc phuomg phdp nghidn ciiu, vdi cdc cdng cy nghidn cim dl thu thdp du kifn nhim chimg minh gid thuyit, (5) Sir dgng phuang phdp todn thdng ki di xie li sd lifu nhdm ehimg minh gid thuyit, (6) Nlu gid thuyit dugc chirng minh, gid thuyit trd thdnh kit ludn cua dk tdi nghidn cim; nlu gid thuyit khdng dugc chimg minh, ngudi nghidn cuu phdi ndu vd chimg minh gid thuyit khdc ho^c kit lugn theo kit qud nghidn cim thyc tl ciia minh nlu thdi gian nghidn ciiu d^ hit Bifn phdp 2: Trong gia tu hgc, sinh vien edn dgt vifc linh hpi kiin thirc thdng ke gdn liin vdi nhumg di tdi nghien cuu linh vue chuyin mdn cita minh Bifn phdp 3: Sinh vien cdn theo hgc ddy du cdc gia lin lap vd ed du cdc phuang tifn hpe tap nhu gido trinh, tdi lieu tham khdo, mdy vi tinh ed edi dgt phdn mim xie li thdng ki 136 86 34 ndm 2012 3.2 Nhdm cdc bi^n phdp gidp sinh viin luy^n t^p kT ndng thi^c hdnh xurli s6 ll^u th6ng ki Bi^n phdp 1: Kit hgp li thuyit vdi thgrc hdnh gia lin lap Sau da t l chiic cho sinh vidn ITnh hgi li thuyit, gidng vidn gidi thifu cdc bdi tgp thong kd gin vdi nhflmg dk tdi nghidn ciiu cy the rdi bidu dien cdch xir li thing kd trdn mdy vi tinh bing phin mim vi tinh cho sinh vidn quan sdt Sau do, gidng vidn mdi sinh vidn dgi difn cho mdi nhdm ldn l^p Igi cdc thao tde ciia kT ndng trdn mdy vi tinh Sinh vidn dgi difn sd hudng ddn lgi cho cdc sinh vidn khdc nlu gidng vidn gidng dgy phdng hgc chi cd mgt mdy vi tinh Dieu quan trgng Id gidng vidn phdi ndi rd cho sinh vidn bilt cdng dyng cua timg logi thing kd chuang Uinh hgc: ndo su dyng thong kd md td, ndo dimg thing kd suy dien; cdng dyng cua timg phep kiim nghifm Uong thong kd suy didn Nlu gidng dgy Uong phdng mdy vi tinh thi vifc tiiyc hdnh kT ndng xir li sd lifu cua sinh vidn sd thu§n lgi hom Vi dg: Khi dgy pliin thyc hanh "Khai bdo biin vd nhgp lifu tii cdc tiiang bing phin mim SPSS 11,5" ciia chuomg 1, chiing tdi dSi chgn dl tai "Tm hiiu mdi lien hf giura mpt so ddc diim cua sinh vien ndm thir hai Khoa Ddng Nam A, ndm hgc 2010-2011, Truang Dgi hgc Ma TPHCM v&i thdi dp ciia hp ddi vdi mdn Thdng ke xd hgi" dk minh hga cho quy Uinh budc neu Udn vd ldm mdu tiiao tde khai bda bidn vd nhgp lifu trdn mdy vi tinh vdi phin mem sdn cd mdy Tgp chl KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Bifn phdp 2: Luyen tap ki ndng gia tu hqc Sinh vidn cin cd mdt dl tai nghidn Cliu cin den vifc xu li so lifu bdng thong ke de van dyng vifc hgc tap mdn hpc va thyc hanh lgi cdc bai tap thyc hanh gidng vidn dd hudng ddn trdn ldp ly hgc d nha Sau thyc hanh d nha, nlu gap khd khan, sinh vidn cd thi nhd sy giiip dd ciia gidng vidn Uong gid ldn ldp vao budi hpc sau Ket qua sii' dyng cac bifn phdp giiip sinh vien hgc tap mdn Thong ke Idioa hgc xd hgi Cdc bifn phdp ndu Uen dugc chiing ldi sii dyng Uong gidng dgy mdn Thdng ke xd hfi tgi cdc ldp DN 07, DN 08, DN 09 cua Khoa Ddng Nam A, Dgi hgc Md TPHCM Uong cdc ndm hgc 2008-2009, Ngo Dinh Qua 2009-2010, 2010-2011 Sir dyng dl trie nghifm cd 80 cdu vd dl tuomg duong dugc sogn theo dl cuong chi lilt mdn hgc va cdc ITnh vyc myc tidu nhu: bilt, hidu, van dyng, ba ndm hgc trdn, chiing tdi thu dugc kit qud nhu sau: 80% sinh vidn dgt ydu cau sau thi kel thuc mdn hgc lin thiir nhit, 95% sinh vidn dat yeu ciu sau thi kit thuc mdn hgc lin thii hai Ket lugn Da phin sinh vidn cdc nganh thufc ITnh vyc khoa hgc xd hgi cho ring Thing kd Id mdn hgc khd, nhung nlu giang vien gidi thich cho sinh vidn hidu rd sy can thiit eung nhu hudng iing dyng eua mdn hgc vd dp dyng cdc bifn phdp ndu trdn qud trinh dgy hgc thi sinh vidn se hgc tap vdi thai tieh cyc, hiing thii va hifu qud hom TAI LI£U THAM KHAO Leslie J, Nason (1994), Hqc thi ndo cho tdt, Vd Trung Hiiu dich, Nxb Thuan Hda, Duong Thifu Tdng (2005), Thdng ke irng dung nghiin cuu khoa hqc gido due, Nxb Khoa hgc xa hfi Hodng Trgng, Chu Nguydn Mfng Nggc (2005), Phdn tich die lifu nghiin cuu vdi phdn mim SPSS, Nxb Thing kd Denise Chalmer, Richard Fuller (1995), Teaching for learning at university, Edith Cowan University Perth, Western Australia Shelley O'Hara (2011), Improving your study skills, Melboume University, Australia (Ngiy Tda so^n nhin dugc bdi: 08-11-2011; ngdy chip nhin ding: 10-02-2012) 137 ... bifn phdp giiip sinh vidn hgc tap mdn Thing kd Uong khoa hgc xd hdi cd kit qua 2.2 Cas& thuc tiin Tir thyc tl dgy hgc mdn Thdng kd khoa hgc xa hdi, Uong qud trinh thyc hanh bdi tap, sinh vidn cdn... ST so sinh vidn ciia gid len ldp mdn Thong kd khoa hgc xd hfi d mgt sd trudng dgi hgc thudng dat khoang 100 ngudi, phdng hgc chi cd mft mdy vi tinh ciia giang vidn vd mft sd it mdy ciia sinh vidn,... vidn cin gidng dgy mdn Thing kd khoa hgc xd hdi gdn vdi mdn Phuang phdp nghidn ciiu khoa hgc, xem Thong kd nhu mgt cdng cy hd trg cho vifc nghidn ciiu khoa hgc cua sinh vidn Chinh vi vdy, gidng