Hiru Thi Hing Hoa vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG N G H £ 126(12) 195 19 MOT SO GIAI PHAP GIUP SINH VIEN NANG CAO NANG LlTC TU" HOC TRONG DAO TAO HQC CHE TIN CHI Huu Thi Hong Hoa'''', Nguyin Thi Le Thao T[.]
Hiru Thi Hing Hoa vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG N G H £ 126(12): 195- 19 MOT SO GIAI PHAP GIUP SINH VIEN NANG CAO NANG LlTC TU" HOC TRONG DAO TAO HQC CHE TIN CHI Huu Thi Hong Hoa', Nguyin Thi Le Thao Tru&ng Cao dang Kinh te Ky ihugl - DH Thai Ngu TOM T A T Tu hpc Id qua trinh n6 lyc cua ngudi hpc nham huy dpng cdc nang lyc tri tue de chiem ITnh kiln thuc khoa hpc, biin no thdnh hilu biet cua ca nhan Ty hpc la mpt khdu quan ciia qud trinh nhan thiic, Id yiu to quylt dinh true tiep din ket qua hpc tap cita sinh vi6n Tuy nhien, viec thyc hien hinh thuc ty hpc ciia sinh vien hien nhieu hgn chl, dilu ndy anh huong khong nho den chat lugng ciia qua trinh dgy hpc noi chung Do vay, tren ca so danh gia vi tri, vai tro ciia qua trinh ty hoc; tim nhffng han che, yeu k6m ciia qua Uinh 66, bai bao da dua mpt si giai phap nham giiip sinh vien nang cao nSng lyc ty hpc cua ban than Til- khda: Gidi phdp, Tu hoc, ndng luc lu hgc, dao tgo, hgc che lin chi DAT VAN DE Dao tao theo hgc che tin chi la phuong thffc dao tgo tifn tien tren the gidi O Vift Nam, viec chuyfn ddi phuong thffc dao tgo tu nien chf sang hpc che tin chi la budc chuyen tat yeu khach quan ciia he thdng gido due dgi hgc, cao ddng theo xu the hgi nhgp khu vyc va qudc te Ban chit cua phuong thffc ddo tao la phdt huy tinh tich cue chii dgng cCia sinh vifn ty hgc Id yiu td quyet djnh den ket qua hgc tip cua sinh vien theo hgc che tin chi Chinh vi vay, ty hgc Id hinh thuc khdng thf thifu dugc qud trinh ITnh hdi tri thffc cua sinh vifn Td chffc ty hgc mgt cdch hgp ly, khoa hgc, cd chat lugng, hifu qua khdng chi la trach nhifm ciia ngudi hgc, cua ngudi dgy ma cdn la trdch nhiem cCia su nghiep ddo tgo ciia nhd trudng ndi rieng va cua toan bd sy nghifp gido due dao tao ndi chung QUAN NIEM VE TV HOC Nghifn cffu ve ty hoc hien cd nhieu cdch tifp can khac nhau: Vdi tu each la mdt hinh thffc td chuc dgy hgc, da cd nhifu tdc gid ban din nhu: Ddng Vu Hoat, Ha Thj Due, Luu Xuan Mdi, Dang Due Thing Tdc gid Ddng Vu Hogt va Ha Thj Dffc cho ring ty hgc Id hinh thffc day hgc co ban d dgi hgc Dd Id mdt hinh thffc boat ddng CO ban cffa cd nhdn, nhdm ndm vung he thdng tri thffc vd ky nang chi'nh ban than ngudi hgc tiln hanh tren Idp, theo hodc khong theo chuong trinh sdch gido khoa da dugc xdc dinh Tac gia Dang Dffc Thang quan niem: " Tu hgc Id hinh thiic hoc tap dgc lap, sdng tgo Clia nguai hgc, nhdm lmh hgi, cung co va van dung cdc kien thuc, kysdo, kyndng " [1] Nghien cffu hogt dgng ty hpc nhu la hoat dgng ty gidc, tich cyc cua ngudi hgc dudi vai trd difu khifn ctia ngudi dgy, tac gta Nguyen Canh Todn cho ring: " Tic hgc la lu minh ddng ndo suy nghf, sic dung cdc ndng luc tri tui (quan sdt, so sdnh, phdn tich tong hgp) vd cd cd ca bdp ( su dung cong cu) cung cdc phdm chdt cita minh, rol cd dgng co, tinh cdm, cd nhdn sinh quan, thi glal quan (frung thuc, khdch quan, cd tri tiin thu khdng nggi kho, nggi kho, kien tri, nhdn ngi long say me khoa hgc) de chiim linh mgt linh vij^ hliu biit ndo cua nhdn logi, blen Unh vuc thdnh s& hihi cda minh" [3] Nhu vay, ndi ve ty hgc cdc tac gia deu cd chung quan nifm: " Tu hgc Id mgt hinh thicc to chirc dgy hgc ca bdn a dgi hgc Bd Id mgt hinh thuc hogt dgng nhdn thicc cita cd nhdn, nhdm ndm vicng he thdng tri thuc vd ky ndng chinh bdn than ngu&i hgc tien hdnh & tren l&p hogc & ngodi l&p, theo hodc khong theo chuong trinh sdch gido khoa da quy dinh " [2] Ty hgc la boat dgng td chffc nhan thuc dgc lap Clia timg ngudi hgc, ty phdt huy nang lyc 'Tel 11'^'6 678738 195 HOu Thj Hong Hoa va Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE cd nhin de thyc hifn cac nhifm vy ty hgc xdc dinh Ty hgc Id " tu dgng hgc tap", thf hien tinh ty lyc, ty giac, tinh tich cue cao qua trinh ITnh hdi kiln thffc, ren luyfn ky nang.Vi vay, ty hpc mang dim sac thdi ca nhin, bieu hien d: ty xac dinh myc tieu chifm ITnh kiln thffc; ren luyfn ky ndng, hodn thdnh cdc nhifm vu ty hgc cu tbi ddt timg gid hgc, budi hgc; ty lip ke hoach, tifn dp, thdi gian ty hgc phii hgp vdi muc tieu ty hgc da xdc djnh; ty xdc dinh ndi dung, nhifm vu, lya chgn phuong phap ty hgc, sff dung phuang tien ty hgc phii hgp, ty kilm tra - danh gia, ty dieu chinh vifc hgc cua ban thin Trong mdi trudng ddo tgo cua nha trudng, ngoai vifc lay ngi lyc (chu thf, ty giac, tich cyc) "/am cdt"; ty hgc cua ngudi hgc cdn cd sy djnh hudng, chi dao tryc tiep va gian tiep ciia giao vien, nghia la cd "chi dgo giiip vad" nhu Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da timg dgy TAM QUAN TRONG CUA TU' HQC TRONG D A O TAO THEO HOC CHE TIN CHl Tai Nghi quyet Ban chip hdnh trung uong lan thu II khda VIII cua Ddng chi rd :" Phdt ddl moi phuang phdp gido due, ddo lao khde phuc loi truyen thu mgt chieu, ren luyen thdnh nep tu sdng tgo cita ngu&l hgc Titng bu&c dp dung phuang phdp tlin tiin vd phuang phdp hien dgi vdo qud trinh day hgc, ddm bdo dieu kien vd thai glan tu hgc, t\r nghien cuu cho hgc sinh nhdl Id sinh vien Bai hgc, phdt trien mgnh phong trao tu hgc, lie ddo tgo thu&ng xuyen vd rong khdp loan ddn, nhdl Id nien" Chinh vi thi ma hogt ddng ty hgc, ty nghifn cffu cd tim quan ddc bift qua trinh chuyin doi tff " Qud trinh ddo tgo sang qud trinh t\t: ddo tgo" theo he thdng tin chi Cimg vdi su phat trien cua khoa hgc cdng nghe, thi lugng tri thffc ngdy cang gia tang Ben canh dd, chuong trinh ddo tgo tin chi dugc thift ke cdng tinh ggn Sd tiet truyfn dat tren Idp chi cdn hai phan ba so vdi trudc day, yeu cau ddi vdi ngudi hgc cang cao Do vay, han liic nao hit, tdm quan trgng cua 196 126(12): 195- 19 ty hgc tang nhanh Trong dieu kifn nhu vay thi nhung gi sinh vien tifp thu dugc tff nha trudng se kem phong phii hon rat nhieu nhffng dieu hg tiep thu dugc d gia dinh va x§ hgi Mat khac co chl thi trudng hien nay, nhd trudng ddng vai trd sff dung cung cap dich vy ngudi hgc, ngudi su dung lao ddng ddng vai trd su dung djch vy va chinh phii ddng vai trd gidm sat, difu chinh quan hf cung cau Luc nfu chat lugng dao tgo ciia nhd trudng khdng dam bao neu khdng ddp ffng yeu ciu dd Dgy hgc nha trudng khdng phdi la cung cap mdt khdi lugng tri thuc hdn Idm kinh dien ma dgy cho ngudi hgc phuong phdp tifp can thdng tin, phuong phap tu df hg cd the tiep tyc hgc sau rdi ghi nha trudng Day hgc Dgi hgc thyc chit la dgy each hgc, cdch ty hgc de hgc tip sudt ddi Hgc d Dai hgc ddi hdi d sinh vien phai tifp nhdn mgt khoi lugng ngi dung tn thffc nhieu vd khd, thdi gian danh cho sinh vien ty hgc, ty nghifn cuu khd ddi dao, han nffa hien d nudc ta thuc hien che tuan ldm viec nfn thdi gian tren gidng dudng cua sinh vifn it vd thdi lugng danh cho sinh vien ty hgc cang nhifu hon Qua trinh ty hgc giiip hg tffng budc chiem ITnh tri thuc chung cua nhan logi cho rifng minh mgt cdch ty gidc, tich cyc va dgc lap da trd mdt yfu td quyet djnh chat lugng dao tgo Vi vdy y nghTa ctia ty hgc boat dgng dgy hgc d dai hgc cang trd nen quan trgng no giiip sinh vien phdt triln tinh ty giac, tich cyc va tinh ddc lap nhan thffc, khde phyc tinh thy ddng, y Igi vao thay hogc ngudi khac THUC TRANG HOAT D Q N G TU HOC CUA SINH VIEN HIEN NAY Hinh thffc td chffc day hgc phuong thffc tin chi qui dinh hoat ddng ty hgc ciia sinh vifn nhu Id mgt phin bit bugc thdi khda bieu va Id mdt ndi dung quan trgng cua ddnh gid kit qud hgc tap Hoat ddng dgy hgc theo tin chi dugc td chffc theo ba hinh thffc; len lap, thyc hdnh vd ty hgc Trong ba hinh thuc td chuc dgy hgc nay, hai hinh thffc diu dirge td chffc cd sy tiep xiic tryc tilp giffa gidng vifn va sinh vien (gidng vien giang bai, H&u Thj Hing Hoa vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE hudng dan; sinh vien nghe giang, thuc hanh, thyc tap dudi sy hudng dan cffa gidng vifn, ), hinh thffc thu ba cd thi khdng cd sy tilp xffc true tiep giffa giang vien vd sinh vifn (giang vien giao ngi dung dl sinh vien ty hgc, ty nghien cffu, ty thyc hdnh vd sdn sang tu van dugc yeu ciu) Ba hinh thffc td chuc dgy hpc tuong ung vdi ba kieu gid tin chi; gid tin chi Ifn Idp, gid tin chi thyc hdnh va gid tin chi ty hgc Cach td chuc thyc hien mgt gid tin chi cho chiing ta thiy mdt ddc difm rdt quan trgng gdp phin tgo nfn sy khac bift vdi phuang thffc ddo tao truyen thdng NIU hoat dpng ty hgc hgc che nien che chi mang tinh chat ty nguyfn thi phuong thuc ddo tgo theo hgc chf tin chi coi ty hgc la mdt thdnh phdn hgp phap va bit budc phdi cd boat dgng hpc tip cua sinh vien Df hgc dugc gid ly thuyet hay gid thuc hanh, thyc tap trfn ldp sinh vien can phdi cd hay gid chudn bi d nhd Dd la yeu cdu bdt huge CO ciu gid hgc ciia sinh vien Nhung thyc te cho thay, da sd sinh vien van rit thu dgng, khdng cd phuong phdp tu hgc hieu qud, khdng bift su dung qify thdi gian ty hgc cua minh vao vifc gi, khdng xay dung dugc ke hogch ty hgc phff hgp, chua phdt huy tdt nang lyc, tri tuf, cdng sffc, ty gidc qud trinh ty hgc , dd vdi dao tao tin chi sinh vien cam thay nhan hon so vdi dao tao nien chl trudc day He qua la den Idp sinh vien khdng hieu bai gidng mdi, khdng bift hdi gido vien cai gi va chi cd gdng ghi chep bdi lam cho chat lugng hgc tap thap, bj hgc Igi, thdm chi luu ban M O T S O GIAI PHAP GIUP SINH VIEN NANG CAO N A N G LUC TU' HOC Tu nhung van de tren, de gdp phdn nang cao chit lugng ty hgc tap cua sinh vien, chiing tdi xin df xuit mgt sd giai phap sau: Bol vol qud trinh gidng dgy ciia gidng vien cdn: - Giffp sinh vien tao ddng co vd muc dich hgc tap bing each tim hifu nam dugc ddi tugng trd chuyen dgt cau hdi kich thich dl sinh vien tim biiu cdi hay cua nghe nghiep minh dang theo hgc, tao co hgi cho sinh vien tim hilu thuc tl de van dung nhffng kien thffc da hgc - Ddi mdi phuong phdp vd hinh thffc day hgc 126(12): 195-198 Phuong phap giang day truyln thdng Id kilu thdy gidng, sinh vien ngdi ghi chep vao vd Day la phuong phap gidng bai theo kilu thu ddng, tao sffc i vd sy y Igi cho sinh vien Kit qua la sinh vien chi bift nhffng kiln thuc sdn cd va se rit liing tung thyc tien Chinh vi vay, mudn ndng cao kha nang ty hgc cho sinh vien, giang vien phai ddi mdi phuong phdp va hinh thffc td chffc dgy hoz mdt cdch manh me - Phai cd sy chuin b| bdi giang chu dao, nhit Id khdu thilt kf giao dn Ifn ldp, df tao sy sinh ddng, khai day sy ham hieu bift, tim tdi, sang tao sinh vien Trong qua trinh gidng dgy phdi tich cyu huy ddng kifn thffc sinh vifn da cd dl phdt huy vai trd chii ddng tim hilu, khdm pha kien thffc vd khd nang tu ciia sinh vien - Phdi cd ke hoach hudng din sinh vifn ty hgc, ty nghien cffu cy the, chi tilt vdi nhung cdng vifc sau: + Hudng dan sinh vien bift each ty hoan thien tri thffc: Day Id cdng viec then chdt cua tu hgc Sinh vien cd the dgc giao trinh, tai lieu tham khdo, lam bai tip cung cd thf la thao luan nhdm hodc vift bdo cdo Tuy nhifn, cdng vifc sinh vifn khdng the tu lam nfu khdng cd hudng dan ctia giao vifn + Hudng dan sinh vien each tim kiem tai lieu, chia se thdng tin va thao ludn nhdm - Ddi mdi each thuc kiem tra, danh gid Trong dao tao tin chi, kiln thffc cua bai hgc phai dugc xem Id tdng thf tri thffc sinh vifn cd dugc d tren Idp va phin ty hgc d nhd Vi vdy, can thiet phai cd sy ddi mdi khiu kiem tra danh gia sinh vien, theo tdi kft cau Clia de thi phai bao gom ca nhffng ngi dung yeu cdu sinh vifn ty hgc * Boi v&i sinh viin: - Sinh vien can ty xay dung cho minh kf hoach ty hgc hgp ly, khoa hgc Df Idm dugc dieu mdi sinh vien can thyc hifn tdt nhffng van de sau: + Ban than mdi sinh vien cdn nhdn thffc dung dan ve vai trd cua viec ty hgc ddi vdi qud trinh chiem iTnh tri thuc d giang dudng dai hgc Ty nhan thffc dugc nhung mat cdn yfu 197 HOu Thi Hong Hoa vo Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE kem cua ban than df hoan tdt qud trinh hgc tap -I- Tung sinh vifn can cd k l hoach, ngi d u n g hgc tap that sy khoa hgc, sdt t h y c quyft tdm thyc hifn k l hogch hoc t i p dd d l + Mdi sinh vifn phai xay d y n g cho minh thdi dp hgc tap diing d i n , van dung linh boat, kft hgp chat che cac hinh thuc, p h u o n g phdp t y hgc, ty bdi d u d n g * Ddi v&i nhd 126(12): - - T a n g c u d n g khd ndng khai thac cac tifn ich cua mgng ndi bd, m d rdng ngudn t u lifu difn tu, t h i l t bj dgy h o c b d n g cdch u n g dung cdc t y u c d n g nghe t h d n g tin difn tff - Ngodi nha t r u d n g c d n g can quan tam den cac dieu kien phuc vy, thai phuc vy sinh vifn cua cac bd phgn chuyfn trach, cac chinh sach hd t r o cua nha t r u d n g de tgo cho sinh vien mgt mdi t r u d n g h g c tap tdt nhdt KET LUAN trudng: Nha trudng cdn tang c u d n g mgi ngudn luc vat chat, kinh phi, bao dam cang tdt hon cdc dilu kifn cho boat dgng ty hgc cua sinh vifn hien Bdi, hoat ddng ty hgc cua sinh vifn khdng t h i t h y c hifn tdt neu khdng dam bdo cdc dilu kien can thilt v l c a s d vat chdt, phdng hgc, trang thift hi hgc tap, ngudn hgc lieu Trong dd hf thdng ngudn hgc lieu d i y dii ve sd lugng, phong phff vf ngi d u n g va Hoat d g n g t y hgc cffa sinh vien ddng vai tro rat quan trgng qua trinh dgy -hgc dgi hgc ndi c h u n g vd ddc bift c i n thift p h u o n g thffc ddo tgo theo tin chi Df nang cao c h i t lugng vd hieu qua cua boat ddng t u hgc cdn phdi cd s y quan ly sat cffa mgi ngudi lien quan den hoat d g n g t u hgc cua sinh vien, ddc bift gidng vien phai ddi mdi p h u o n g thuc td chffc day h g c v a ddi hdi cao hon tinh ty chff, t y chju trdch nhifm cua sinh vien viec thuc hifn nhifm vy h g c t i p ciia minh chuan myc vf c h i t lugng la mgt yeu cau khdng the thifu boat ddng ty hgc ciia sinh vifn D e lam d u g c dieu nay, nhd t r u d n g can cd ke hogch de khdng ngffng cdi thifn dieu kifn c o sd vat chat cffa minh nhu: - Cling cd, nang cap, m d rgng hf thdng phdng hgc, phdng thi nghiem - t h u c hanh - thuc tap, thu vien TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O L6 van Quang, Phdt triin tri lui vd ndng luc sdng tgo khoa hoc ddo tgo sau dai hgc, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Hd Npi 2008 Thu Giang - Nguyin Duy Cdn (1995), Toi tu hgc, Nxb Dong Thdp Nguyin Canh Toan, (1998), Qud irinh dgy tu hgc, Nxb Gido dye, Hd Npi SUMMARY SOME SOLUTIONS TO HELP STUDENTS IMPROVE SELF-LEARNING CAPACITY UNDER CREDIT SYSTEM Huu Thi Hong Hoa , Nguyen Thi Le Thao Coilege of Economics and Technology - TNU Self-study is a process of leaming efforts that mobilizes intellectual capacity to obtain scientific knowledge, tuming it into personal knowledge Self-sUidy is an important component of cognitive process, a direct deciding factor affecting the leaming outcomes of students However, the implementation of self-study among students is currently limited, negatively affecting the quality of the teaching process in general Therefore, on the basis of evaluating the position and the role of self-study process, finding out the limitations and weaknesses of the process, this article gives some solutions to help students improve their own self-study Keywords: Solution, Self-study, self-study capabiUly,study, credit system Ngdy nhdn bdi 15/9/2014; Ngdy phdn blin-07/10/2014: Ngdy duyil dang: 25/10/2014 Phdn biin khoa hoc: TS Nguyin Hodng Nhien - Trudng Sy quan Phao binh Tel-0976 678738 198 ... thdm chi luu ban M O T S O GIAI PHAP GIUP SINH VIEN NANG CAO N A N G LUC TU'' HOC Tu nhung van de tren, de gdp phdn nang cao chit lugng ty hgc tap cua sinh vien, chiing tdi xin df xuit mgt sd giai... tao sffc i vd sy y Igi cho sinh vien Kit qua la sinh vien chi bift nhffng kiln thuc sdn cd va se rit liing tung thyc tien Chinh vi vay, mudn ndng cao kha nang ty hgc cho sinh vien, giang vien phai... thilt kf giao dn Ifn ldp, df tao sy sinh ddng, khai day sy ham hieu bift, tim tdi, sang tao sinh vien Trong qua trinh gidng dgy phdi tich cyu huy ddng kifn thffc sinh vifn da cd dl phdt huy vai trd