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NAHC CAO HIEO QUATHOC HANHJHOCTAP CHD SINH Vl iN NGANH CONG TAC XA HDI THDilNG OAI HOC SIJ PHAM HA NOI TS N G U Y I N THANH BINH D A N G THI HUY^N O A N H * 1 Vai trd cua thuc hanh, thuc tap nghe cong[.]
NAHC CAO HIEO QUATHOC HANHJHOCTAP CHD SINH VliN NGANH CONG TAC XA HDI - THDilNG OAI HOC SIJ PHAM HA NOI TS N G U Y I N T H A N H BINH - D A N G THI H U Y ^ N O A N H * Vai trd cua thuc hanh, thuc tap nghe cong tacxahpi(CTXH) T h y c hanh, thyc tap CTXH" la hogt ddng dua sinh vien (SV) nganh CTXH6en cac coquan, doanh nghiep, tardng, tnjng tam xa hdi de tap lam cac cdng vipc cua mpt nhan vien CTXH ehuyen nghiep mpt thdi gian nhat djnh Day la nhiem vu bat bupc quy trinh dao tao (DT) va duoc tinh diem nhu mpt hpc phan khoa hpe cua tn/dng Ket qua thyc hanh, thyc tap la mdt cac tSeu kien xet cdng nhgn SV tdt nghiep Muc dich cua thye hanh, thyc tap la giup SV eung cdva bd'sung kie'n thdc li lugn, nghiep vu; nam vi?ng quy trinh CTXH ca nhan ndiriengvaCTXH ndi chung Qua do, SV hieu va nam vihig cac chdc nang, nhiem vu, thitc day qua trinh tyren luyen theo yeu eau nghe nghiep, ehuyen nganh BT Trong CTXH, thyc hanh, thyc tap dupc trien khai theo cae npi dung eo ban sau: 1) Thyc hanh veCTXH vdi ca nhan; 2) Thye hanh ve CTXH nhdm; 3) Thyc hanh ve CTXH vdi phat trien cpng dong; 4) Thyc tap cudi khoa (la sy van dung nhuan nhuyen mdt phuong pliap tren) Qua trinh thyc hanh, thyc tap cac hoat dpng trien khai se giup SV tap dupt cac kT nang nghe; van dung nhiing kinang vao giaiquyetvan de eila '1han chu" - la nhdm ye'u the, thiet thdi thupc cpng dong kem phat trie'n - nhihig ddi lupng tare tiep can sy try giiip cua cac nhan vien CTXH Ngay 11/10/2004, BO GD-DT da eo Quyet dinh s635^004/BGDBTbBLn hanh ma nganh cdng nhan nganh CTXH la mol^nganh BT bac dai hpc Nhieu trudng dai hpc, cao dang DT nganh CTXH va Tnfc^g Bai hgc supham (DHSP) Ha /Vo/la mot nhung trudng tien phong DT cd nhan ehuyen nganh SV nganh CTXH Trudng DHSP Ha Npi trudng can dap ung cac yeu cau: 1) Vekien thda ed dupc mdt he thd'ng Iri thdc day du ve ehuyen nganh, lung budc dat chuan qudc te, dap ung yeu eau hpi nhap va phu hop vdi thye liln xa hpi Viet Nam giai dogn hien nay; cd kT nang, nghiep vu thao de cd the thye hanh, tac nghiep CT)(H cac linh 3D Tap chi Gido due so 339 vyc ehuyen nganh va cac to' chdc chinh tri - xa hdi 2) VSkining Sau khitd't nghiep, SV cdthecung ung djch vy va lam CTXH ehuyen nghiep lai cac co sdva to'chdc xa hpi (cac hdi bao trp xa hpi ti^Trung uong den dja phuong; cac trung lam nuoldudng cham sde ngudi cd cdng vdi dat nudc, ngudI gia cd don, ngudi khuyet tat, tre em mo cdi; cac trung tam giao dudng va phuc hoi nhan pham, cai nghien ma tuy; trai cai tgo; cac td'chue chinh trj -xa hpi, doan thequan chiing, doanh nghiep, trudng hoc, benh vien, cpng ddng d thj va ndng thdn, ); lam lot CTXH ehuyen nghiep cac finh vyc khac (nhu: sde khde, giao due, phap luat, kinh te, van hoa -xa hpi, tdn giao, moi tardng, dan so, Injyen thdng, ); lam vi&c tn/c tiep lgi cac CO sdnghien cull vaDT CO lien quan den CTXH Chuang trinh va npi dung thirc hanh, thuc tap n^anh CTXH Trudng DHSP Ha Npi De giup SV dat dupc nhihig kien thde va kT nang neu tren, Tn/dng DHSP Ha Ndi da thig'tke chuong trinh DT cu'nhan nganh CTXH vdi 130 tin chi; dd phan thye hanh va thye tap ed 14 tin ehi Trudng cung da xay dyng "Chuang trinh thuc banh, thuc tap cbo SV giai doan 2013-2020" vdi npi dung: - Caitien vi hoan thien chuang trinh DT CTXH theo hudng giam gid li thuyet d khoi kien thuc chung;-Xay dung chuang trinh DT phai sat vditinh hinh thu^ ted VietNam, thyc hanh, thye lap la khau quyet djnh tnJc tiep den trinh dp, nang lye nghe nghiep quan trpng tUdng lai cua SV (danh lir 20%-46% long thdi gian DT eho thyc hanh, thyc tgp; mdi mon hpc li thuyet deu ed hogl ddng friyc hanh dlren ldp) Chuong trinh dupc phan bd'nhu sau: - A/am rtu" nhat[\i\QX\ tap) thyc hien tin chi (30 tiet) Irong frjgn, t a l l trnng tam, c o s d CTXH hoac mot dja ban xae djnh Thdng qua dot kien tap nay, SV hieu ve hoat dpng CTXH thyc liin, qua dd nh^n thdc dupe vai trd, y nghTa, tam quan trpng eua CTXH va hinh linh cam nghe nghiep; - Nam tht}'hai{i\qc ki IV): rftycftan/? M h y e h a n h CTXH canhan.vdiStin * Tnroins Dal hQC sir ph^m Ha Ngi (ki 1-8/2014) lyc va ehuyen mdn cua tung ngucrt Tuy nhien, dieu khd khan nhat cua G V CTXH la chua xay d i ^ g duoc bpcdngcu chuan de danh gia ketquathyc hanh, thyc tap cua SV, vi the, viec danh gia ket qua cho SV cdn nang ve cam tinh Dpi ngu kiem huan vien tai cac c o s d thyc hanh, thyctapchuadupcDTchuyen mdn can ban ve CTXH (chiem tdi 90% sdngudi dupc hdi), d i n den viec danh gia chat lupng thuc hanh, thyc tap cua SV tai eo sd thyc hanh chua chinh xac Ben canh dd, hp cdn cd nhGng nhgn thdc sai ve viee thyc hanh, thyc tap cua Thyc trang thyc hanh, thyc tap cho SV SV ehuyen nganh CTXH (cho r&ng SV ehuyen nganh se trdthanh nhung giao vien tuong lai) Giao vien nganh CTXH Trudng DHSP Ha Npi Nam hpc 2012-2013, nhdm nghien cdu da tien hudng d i n thyc hanh, ihyc tap phai la ngudinhdc nhd hanh dieu tra b^ng "bang hdf va phong van sau vdi cac em tdi co sd khdng phai de'di day van hoa, khdng nhdm SV nam thdba va nam thutu, nhdm giao vien phai la trp li va cang khdng phai la ngucri ehuyen ve hudng d i n thyc hanh, kiem huan vien tai co sd Ket giao due hay van hoa ma myc dich chinh ciia SV CTXH la de'trtfgiup than chu cdthe eai thien ket qua quathu dupc nhu sau: Khi dupc hoi ve tam quan trpng cua thyc hanh, hpc tap b§ng viee lao sy thay dd'i tich cyc thyc tap, 90% SV cho r^ng "rat quan trpng" va 10% hanh vi cua chinh ban than hp, chang han Id muc dp nhan thay "quan trpng" Tra Idi cau hdi "Chuang trinh chua y thuc dupc sy quan trpng cua viec hpe tdi viec ty tht/chanh, thuc tip co phu hc;p vdi li thuyet khonc/' y thdc va cd hanh vi tich cyc hon viec hpc cua 100% SV deu cho r^ng "phu hop";" Viec phin bo thdi than chu.Bdchinh la nhiem vu cua cac SV CTXH vdi gian CO phu hgp khon^',nhdm nghien cdu thu nhgn vj tri, vai trd, chuc nang la trp giiip nhung than ehu cd van de cd frie ty minh vupt qua nhiing han che dd dupc ket qua (xem bang 1): b§ng chinh sue mgnh cila minh chdkhdng phai la Bang Danh gia cua SV vephan bo thdi gian thuc hanh mpt vien nao khae thuc tap ch I (45 tiet) M dl tuan SV cd 2-3 bud'i lam viee tai dja ban eo sd thyc hanh; - Nam Mba (hoe ki V): Tht/c /jan/j2-ttiyc hanh CTXH nhdm, dupe tien hanh dvdi tin chi (45 tiet), SV cd 2-3/tuan lam viec tai dja ban CO sd thyc hanh tn/dng thiet lap mang ludi (hoac SVsetytimcosdlhychanh);- Tht/c hinh 3-to chuc va phattrien cpng ddng (ki Vll nam hpc thd ba) vdi tin chl (30 tiet), thyc hien 12 tai mot cdng dong xac djnh;-/Vam/fti^/i/(kiVIII):thyc tgp tdtnghiep vdi tin ehi (60 tiet), tien hanh tuan (cd tuan chuan bj tn/dc den dja ban co sd) Nhieu S V nganh CTXH cung khdng phan b i ^ dupc dau ia nhiem vu/vaitrdcua nhan vien CTXH va dau ta nhiem vu/vai trd eua mpt giao vien dgy kem, vi vgy nhat kl thyc hanh, thye tap cac em thudng ghi chep lai nhihig thdng tin, kieu nhu: "Horn minh luyen chdcho than chu, day thin chu hgc toin, cung Vdt cau hdi "Cach thdc trien khaico dam bao chit thin chtj lam nhung bai van ma thin chij chua biet lut^^g thuc hanh, thuv tap khdng?",phan\6nSytra\d\ lam !' Mptsd'SV chua hieu duoc each van dung kT "chua dam bao" - vi hpc theo tin chi; tuan ehi ed nang, li thuyet, cdng cu, ehua biet each van dung kie'n thdc ehuyen nganh, cdng cu ean thiep de trp giup 2-3 bud'i de tie'p can va thu thap thdng tin; gap nhieu than chu eila minh Cd nhihig em di thyc hanh, khd khan co sd thye hanh, thyc tap dxa trudng thye tap cam thay khd khan vi khdng biet iam gi co Vdi cau hdi "Sau qui trinh tht/c hinh, thuc tap cac sdthye tap khdng tao dieu kien, kiem huan vien Igi eh! ban da CO nhihig thay doi gi?", da cd: 45%, cho rSng yeu cau la trdng Idp, hay trp giup minh cong "thay do! ve kT nang"; 30% "thay doi ve kien thuc"; viec thay vi viec cho SV thdi gian de cd the van dung 25% "thay dd'i ve thai dp va hanh vr Nhu vgy, SV mdt each linh hogt vasang tao ve npi dung thyc hanh danh gia rat cao tam quan trpng eua thye hanh va Kelqua la ket thiie thyc hanh, chl cd 40% SV da ap thyc tap, vi day la co hpi de hp ap dijng nhiing kien dyng td't li thuyet dupc hpc cac dot thyc hanh, thuc Ii thuyet duoc hoc tren ghenha trudng thyc tap va viet bao cao thye hanh, thyc tap cd chat Nhdm giao vien hudng d^n thyc hanh phan lupng; cdn 60% SV la 'Iham khao" cac bao cao thyc Idn duocDTtijrcae ehuyen nganh gan CTXH, nhuxa hanh, thye tap tn/dc hoac chep lai ddau dd nen ehua hdi hpc, tam II hoc nhung hau het da duoc lap huan, dgt dupe yeu c l u cua nha tnidng va giao vien hudng DTvekienthucvakTnanglhyc hanh, thye tap CTXH d i n thyc hanh, thyc tap Viec s§p xep, phan cdng eong viec deu dya tren nang Thuc hSnh, thuc tap S6 tin chi Phu hop KhOnq phil hgfp 78% 22% CTXH c^ nhan 80% 20% CTXH nh6m 60% 40% Phdt triln cOnq ddnq 2 35% 65% KiSn tgp Thi/c tip tot nghiOp 10 100% 0% (ki 1-8/2014) Tap chi Giao due so 339 31 4.Dexuatmdt5d'giai phap gdp phan nang cao hieu qua thuc hanh, thyc tap cua SV ehuyen nganh CTXH dTrudngDHSP HaNpi: 1) Bd'i vdi nha trudng va kboa DT can: xay dyng va trien khai md hinh thyc hanh, thyc tap tai tn/dng nhu phdng tham van, phdng thyc hanh dam bao chat luong eho SV; cai thien nguon tai iieu Hen quan de'n thyc hanh, thyc tap nganh CTXH, khich le vatao dieu kien decho nhdm giao vien hudng dan thyc hanh dupe DT can ban va ehuyen sau d mdt sd nudc cd md hinh CTXH phat trien; dieu chinh thdi lupng thyc hanh va thye tap cho phii hpp; bd' sung, hoan thien chuong frinh thyc hanh, thyc tap phu hpp vdi lihig ndi dung va dap img dupc chat lupng thyc hanh;dd'imdi cdng tac kiem tra, danh gia sau ketlhuc hoatdpng thyc hanh, thyc tap Bill Thi Xuan Mai " T chiic th^c hknh thiJC tap cOng tac xa hai cOng tac xa hOi - tir Ii thuydt de'n thuc tiSn" Ki y€u Hoi thao khoa hpc "Nghiin ciiu vd ddo tgo cdng tdexa hdi qud trinh hdi nhdp vd phdt Iriin" Hh Npi, 2/7/2008 2) Doi vdi cac ca sd tbuc hanh can: tgo dieu kien tdt nhat deSV tiep can vdi edng viec; khdng ngCrng nang cao tay nghe va ehuyen mdn ve CTXH 3^ £Jd; I'd/Sl', can: cd thai dp va nhan thdc dung ve tam quan trpng dd'i vdithye hanh, thyc tap; ludn cd gangvacau thj, linh hoat tung hoatdpng thyc hanh, thyc lap cu the; coy thdc van dung thyc hanh, thyc lap nghe vdi muc dich, djnh hudng va ke hoach rd rang; chu dpng tim kiem cac co sdthye hanh, thye tap ma khdng dpi Nha tn/dng bdtri va s&p xep; ed sy lien he, hpp tae chat che vdi nha tardng qua trinh thyc hanh cua minh, la mot "kenh thdng tin" lot de nha tn/dng dieu chlnh npi dung giang day cho sat vdi thyc lien hon hogt ddng giang dgy, can ed s y chuan bj bai dgy lot Mdc dp dgt duoc cua ket qua bai day ed sy phan anh tuong dng cua cong tac chuan bj bai day Nd la nen lang can ban la nguon gdc cua sy cdng DH Bdi vay, viec nhan thdc dung va du ve chuan bj bai day, nhan thay nguydn nhan ton tgi, td dd tim bien phap khie phuc la mdt viec lam h e t s d e c a n thiet V a d e glai quyet can ban van de nay, mdi GV can ednang lye chuan bj bai dgy Nang lyc can thiet phai dupe bdi dudng, phat trie'n de gdp phan doi mdi giao due, coi "phat trien dpi ngu giao vien" (1) la khau then chdi cua s u dd'i mdi • Cdthendi,thyc hanh, thyctap la mdt nhihig hoat ddng cd y nghTa dae biet quan trpng ddi vdi SV nganh CTXH Qua nhung trai nghiem thyc te tueae dot thyc hanh, thyc tap, SV se nhgn nhdng diem mgnh va han che ve kie'n thdc, kTnang, dong thdi dinh hudng cdng viec cua minh sau tdt nghiep trudng G (1) v a n ki€n Dai hoi dai bieu toikn qud'c iSn t h ^ X I NXB Chinh tri qudc gia - Su thdt, tr 30, 31, H 2012 Tai lieu t h a m k h a o Dang v o Hogt - H^ Thi Dire U lu^n d?y hpc d^i hoc NXB Dgi hpc suphgm, H 2004 Bloom B.S, NguySn t^c phdn lo^i muc ti§u gido d u e (Do&n v a n Di^u djch) NXB Gido d^ic, H 1995 Liru Xuan Moi Ki^m tra, lhanh ira ddnh gid gido due Truong Can bO qu^n li gi&o di^c - dao t^o, H 1999 T d n Trpng Thuy - NguySn Quang U3n TSm U hoc dai cmmg NXB Gido due, H 1998 T^i li^u t h a m khao D^ an nghiSn ciJu "Ddnh gid thuc irgng vd dinh hudng chiin tmc phdt triin cdng Idc x& hpi dViit Nam".Trudng Bgi hpc Lao ddng - Xd hdi va UNICEF, 2005 Doug Durst "DSo tao thirc hanh thiJC tflp- ph^n thiSt y^u cua dam bao chit luong cong tac xa hOi chuySn nghiSp" Hoi thao "Thifc hdnh, thuc tdp ddo igo cdng tde Xd hdi d Vi^l Nam'\ H& Noi, 17-18/10/2006 "Bao cao v^ dho tao ngbnh cOng tSc xa hOi vh nhiJng kinh nghi&m xSy dung chuong trinh d^o tao ng^nh cOng t^c xa hoi ciia Trufmg Dai hoc su pheim H& NOi" HOi nghi tridn khai "Di dn phdt triin nghi cong Idc xd hdi gido d{ie dgi hpc giai dogn 2013-2020", 2013 32 Tap chi Giao due so 339 SUMMARY This paper focuses on the analysis ofpracticum issues for students of Social Work in order to figure out the weaknesses Solutions are given to increase the professionalism in the training social work program of the universities nowadays, Bdi dirong va phat trien nang iyc (Tiep theo trang 41} SUMMARY The article mentions some reasons and drawbacks In preparing lessons of lectures Subsequently, It proposes some solutions to foster and develop lecturers ' ability in preparing lessons These solutions aim at helping lecturers surmount their drawbacks in preparing lessons and gain one of the most vital abilities in modem teaching method (ki 1-8/2014) ... nhGng nhgn thdc sai ve viee thyc hanh, thyc tap cua Thyc trang thyc hanh, thyc tap cho SV SV ehuyen nganh CTXH (cho r&ng SV ehuyen nganh se trdthanh nhung giao vien tuong lai) Giao vien nganh CTXH... nhihig thay doi gi?", da cd: 45%, cho rSng yeu cau la trdng Idp, hay trp giup minh cong "thay do! ve kT nang"; 30% "thay doi ve kien thuc"; viec thay vi viec cho SV thdi gian de cd the van dung... tren ghenha trudng thyc tap va viet bao cao thye hanh, thyc tap cd chat Nhdm giao vien hudng d^n thyc hanh phan lupng; cdn 60% SV la ''Iham khao" cac bao cao thyc Idn duocDTtijrcae ehuyen nganh