TAP CHI KHDA H D C « A , / ^ r ^ c = II ^ ^ PHAT TOEN Kf NANG GIAO TIEP SU PHAM CHO SINH VIEN NGANH GIAO DUC MAM NON TKl/dNG DAI HOC THU DO HA NOI Vu Thiiy Hoan '''' Truang Dgt hoc Thu do Hd Ngi Tom tdt[.]
TAP CHI KHDA HDC.-«A,./^r^c= II ^^ PHAT TOEN K f NANG GIAO TIEP SU PHAM CHO SINH VIEN NGANH GIAO DUC MAM NON TKl/dNG DAI HOC THU DO HA NOI Vu Thiiy H o a n ' Truang Dgt hoc Thu Hd Ngi Tom tdt- Phdt tnin ky ndng giao Hep su phgm Id van di quan U-ong cdng ldc ddo tgo gido vien hiin nay, ddc biet Id ddo lao gido viin mdm non Ky ndng giao tiep su phgm cdn duoc hinh thdnh vd phdt tnin qua cdc budc ta ITnh hgi tri thiic, quan sdl din luyin lap, n-ong khdu luyin tap qua thuc hanh trdi nghiim dong vai tro quan trgng nhdt Thuc trgng ren ky ndng giao liip suphgm irong cong tdc ddo lao gido viin mdm non tat truong Dgi hoc Thu Hd Xoi cho thdy cdn phdi doi moi han niia nhdm phdt triin ky ndng giao tiip suphgm cho sinh viin hiiu qud hon, nhanh chong han Tic khoa: Ky nang giao tiep su phgm, ky ndng giao itip suphgm gido viin mam non D A T V A N D E De qua trinh nudi dudng, cham sdc gido due tre dat hieu qua, ngudi giao vien mdm non can phai dugc trang bi day du nang luc chuyen mdn, ben canh dd la cac ky' nang n g h i nghiep, nhu ky nang phat trien \ a td chirc thuc hien c h u o n g irinh, k> nang cham sdc giao due, ky nang day hgc k\ nang giao liep su pham, ky nang qudn l> nhdm Idp (ky nang chii nhiem ldp) Trong k> nang giao liep su pham ddng vai trd dac biet quan trgng, nd cd mdi lien he chat che vdi cac ky nang cdn lai, anh hudng den lat ca ^.-ac khdu qua lrinh giao due Thuc le hien cho thdy lai mdt sd co so nudi d u d n g cham soc giao due tre mam non cdn nhieu han che lien quan den van de giao tiep iing xu vdi Ire ga> nen nhung du luan khdng ldi ddi vdi hinh anh ngudi giao vien mdm non Vi vay, qua lrinh dao lao giao vien m a m non lai cac irudng su pham va qua trinh bdi duong Ihudng xuyen hang nam cho giao vien cdn phai chu trgng hon nira tdi viec hinh thanh, phat trien ky nang giao tiep su pham Mian bai nga; 11 2016: gui phan bien vadujel dang nga> 25 12.20 Lien he lac ala Vu Thu> Hoan: Email vthoan^daihocthudo edu.vn TRLfdNB DAI HOC T H O BO HA NiSlI J36JL D I cd dugc nhimg kJ ndng giao tilp su pham ddp ung nhu cdu cua xd hgi, ddi hoi moi sinh vi6n - gido vien mdm non tuang lai phdi tich ci;c rdn luy?n tir nhiJng dau theo dudi nganh hgc Ben canh su tich c\rc, nd lire ciia sinh vi6n, chuang trinh dao tao trucmg sir pham cung Id m^t ylu t6 then chdt qua trinh hinh thdnh nhdn each nghi nghi?p, cac hoat dOng ddo tao cdn phdi cd nhihig ddi mdi nhdm ndng cao chat Iugng day vd hgc, dap img yeu cdu thyc tl ciia xd hOi Mudn da dang hda cdc hinh thirc, bien phap, ddy manh ho?it dgng rSn luyfn, phat triln ky ndng giao tilp su ph^m cho sinh viSn mdm non ndi rieng, sinh vi8n su ph^m ndi chung, tnrdc ti6n, cdn phdi xdy dyng dugc ca che phu hgp vd td chiic vdn hdnh nd mOt each thyc svr hi?u qua NOI DUNG 2.1 Tam quan cua viec ph^t trien Id nang giao tiep sir pham 2.1.1 KynSnggiao tiep sirpb$m va cnr cbi binh tbHttb Ky ndng giao tilp su phsim Id sir v§n dyng nhihig kiln thuc, kinh nghifm giao tigp cua gido vign vdo viec thilt ldp mdi quan he tich cue vdi ngirdi hgc, tir dd thyc hi§n qua trinh truyin dat thdng tin gido dye, cam xiic, tri gidc lln nhau, dnh hirdng tdc dgng qua lid vdi ngudi hgc, nhdm d^t myc dich giao dye Ndi cdch khdc, kJ ndng giao tilp su ph^un la su phdi hgp hai hda giiia tri thuc, ndng lyc su pham vd thai dg cOa giao vien, du?K: bOc lg hoat dgng gido dye Dd la sy chin mudi cac phdm chdt nhdn cdch va nang lye ciia ngudi gido vi6n nghi nghiep cua minh Y^ ndng giao tiep su pham dugc thi hien thyc tl qua cdc thao tac, no la kit qua ciia qud trinh van dyng tri thirc, kmh nghiSm va thdi d$ tich eye ciia ngudi gido vien nhdm thyc hi^n c6 hi€u qua theo myc dich dd dl Co thi coi k5^ ndng giao tiep su pham nhu la m$t ndng lyc ciia nhd su pham Khi xem xet ky nang giao tilp su pham, cdn phdi chu ^ din tinh diing ddn, sy Unh hoat, mim dha hdnh d^ng Moi cd nhdn sinh diu khdng cd sdn cdc k>» nang, nha su pham cimg v^y, dl co dugc kJ ndng su ph?mi, hg phdi trdi qua mgt qud trinh ren luySn Thdng thudng, qud trinh hinh thdnh k? ndng gdm budc; Budc 1: Nhdn thiic ddy dii vl myc dich, cdch thiic va dilu kiSn hdnh dgng Budc 2: Quan sat mdu va lam thu theo mlu Budc 3: Luyen tdp de tiln hdnh cdc hanh dOng theo diing y6u cdu, dilu ki§n hanh ddng nhdm d^t dugc myc dich d^t (thong qua cdc tinh hudng gid djnh va ho^t dgng trai nghi#m) TAP CHI KHDA HOC - SO n/2D1B i ^^ Viec nhan thirc muc dich, each thue vd dilu kien hanh dgng la rat quan trgng, vi muc dich Id kit qud md cd nhdn dd dy kiln trudc bat tay vdo hdnh ddng Tren ca sd xdc dinh muc dich hdnh dgng, cd nhdn se ldp kl hoach vd tun ede dilu kien, bien phdp phii hgp de dat dugc muc dich Tuy nhien, ddy chi la budc djnh hudng hanh ddng Neu chi dimg lai d budc thi chua cd ky nang, vi nd chi thi hien mat ly thuyit, tri thirc ve hanh ddng, chii chua ed mat ky thuat, thao tac thyc tiln ciia hdnh ddng de dat muc dich da de Giai doan lam thir theo mdu khdng kem phdn quan trgng O giai doan nay, mdt mdt ca nhdn thyc hien cac thao tdc theo mdu de hinh thdnh ky nang, mat khdc ddi chieu vdi tri thiic ve hdnh ddng va dieu chinh cdc thao tdc, hanh dgng nham dat ket qua, gidm bdt nhiing sai sdl qua trinh hanh ddng Ttiy theo kha nang cua timg ngudi ma sai sdt nhieu hay it, giai doan lam thu ddi hay ngan Sau lam thii de nam virng cdch thirc hanh dgng, ca nhdn phdi tiln hdnh luyen tap de hoan thien ky nang O giai doan cac tri thiic ve hanh ddng duge ciing cd nhilu Idn, cdch thiic hdnh dgng cDng dugc dn luyen cd he thing giiip cho ca nhan nam virng hdnh ddng hon Tuy nhien, den day ky nang van chua dn dinh Nhieu ca nhan cd Ihl dat dugc ket qud cdn thiet song vdn cdn sai sdt vap vap hanh ddng Ky nang se phat triln vd that su on djnh ca nhdn hanh dgng cd kit qud Uong nhung dilu kien khac Vi \a\, ren luyen nham hinh va phat trien ky nang giao tilp su pham cho cac giao vien mam non tuang lai trudc het la can giiip hg xac dinh muc dich, sau dd phai thdng hieu each thirc Ihuc hien, hinh ddng co \ a trang bj cho hg moi thuc ll dl ren luyen trdi nghiem Cd the ndi, thuc te trai nghiem la khau then chdt qua trinh hinh ky nang nghe nghiep, dac biet la ddi vdi nghe day hgc 2.1.2 Bac tba nghi nghiep cua giao viin mam non Giao vien mam non la ngudi lam nhiem vu nudi dudng, cham sdc, giao due tre tir thang den 72 thang tudi lai cac ca sd giao due mam non Cd the coi giao vien mam non la ngudi thdy dau tien cimg vdi cha me tre xay dung nen mdng nhan each ban ddu cho ngudi ndi chung tre em ndi rieng Dieu na\ cung cho Ihay vi tri, vai trd, trach nhiem quan trgng ctia hg ddi vdi xa hdi Do dac thil ciia ddi tugng tac ddng la nhthig tre trudc tudi hgc nen khac vdi giao vien d cac cap hgc khac giao vien mam non phai cham sdc giao due tre theo phuang thirc cd giao nhu me hien Vi \a\ giao vien mam non phai hoi tu dii pham chdl, nang luc va hanh vi ling xir nhu ciia mgl ngudi me: diu dang, tan tu\ li rai vd lu (khong VTJ lgi) nhe nhang cham sdc tre Ho nhat thiet phai dugc trang bi mdt each cd he thdng tri ihiic ldng hgp vl khoa hoc giao due mam non biet van dung sang tao iri thirc giao tiep img xu ^38 II T R L f d N G B A I H O C THLI S D H A N D I vdi ire qua thai do, Idi ndi, su cham sdc yeu thuang din ldng nhdn ai, vj tha va tinh guang mdu su pham Giao tilp su pham cua ngudi giao vien mdm non vdi Ire ludn thi hien ro tinh xiic cam, tinh gia dinh Bk dam bao nguyen tdc day - dd, ngudi gido vien mdm non can cd cac ky ndng CO ban nhu k> nang nudi dudng, ky nang cham sdc, ky nang gido due Ire Cac ky nang quan trgng cua hg da dugc hinh va ren luyen tir la sinh vien thdng qua cac hoat ddng ren luyen nghiep vu su pham 2.2 Thirc trang hoat dong phat trien k>' nang giao tilp sir pham cho sinh vien nganh Giao due mam non Trirtrng Dai hoc Thii Ha Noi 2.2.1 Thirc trang Viec hinh lhanh va phat triln ky nang giao tilp su pham ddng vai trd quan trgng cdng lac dao tao nghi nghiep cho sinh vien Theo ca chl hinh lhanh ky nang da ndi d tren, hoat dgng chi diln ca nhan dugc true tilp tham gia vdo cac hoat ddng trdi nghiem thuc te Hien chuang lrinh dao tao giao vien Mdm non ciia trudng Dai hgc Thii Ha Ndi sinh vien dugc Ihuc hanh thuc tap lai trudng mam non vdi Ihdi lugng kha Idn, bao gdm dgt thuc hanh (mdi dgt ludn) va dgt thuc tap su pham (4 tudn va tudn) Vdi thdi lugng nhu vay, sinh vien khoa Gido due Mam non cd ca hdi Idn de ren luyen ky nang giao tilp vdi Ire d mgi lira tudi tir nha ire den mdu giao Ben canh do, sd gid Ihuc hdnh ky nang giao liep su pham Iren ldp dugc song song vdi cac gid hgc ly ihuyet ciing kha nhilu (dac biet la cdc hoc phdn nghien ciiu ve lam ly tre mdm non, dac thii phuang phap nganh) Ngoai ra, sinh vien cdn dugc tham gia cac cudc Ihi nghiep vu su pham cap khoa, cap trudng, cac cudc Ihi lai nang su pham v.v Dd la nhirng thuan lgi co ban qua trinh dao tao sinh vien nganh giao due mam non Tuy nhien, chiing tdi thay cdn nhieu diem bat cap, chua thuc su cd hieu qua Thu nhdt viec ren ky nang giao tiep su pham chua dugc dien Ihudng xuyen ma chi dugc tien hanh theo limg dgt lap lrung, het mdi dgt nhu vay, mgi thu lai tam gac lai Thu hai ddi vdi mdt sd mdn, viec Ihuc hanh ren nghe mang tinh hinh thuc (khong thuc hdnh tren ddi tugng) nen chua sal vdi thuc te Chang han mdn hgc Td chuc hoat ddng vui chai cho tre mdm non, thuc hanh ren ky nang td chirc cho tre chai nhung cd cd ma khdng cd tre, smh vien phai vira la cd de the hien kien thirc cua minh, lai vira phai nhap vai tre, vi vay loan bg qua trinh giao tiep dien hoat ddng deu mang tinh khien cudng, gia dinh la nhieu Khi lien hanh tren ddi lugng thuc se gap nhieu bat cap Cac boat ddng xir ly linh hudng su pham ciia mdt sd mon hoc khac ciing dien tinh Irang nhu vay TAP CHi KHDA HDC - BD n/ZD1B L i ^ 23.2 MgtsSdexnat Bk hoat ddng ren luyen nghiep vu su pham nhdm phdt triln ky nang nghe nghiep han nua cho sinh vien khoa Giao due Mdm non Trudng Dai hgc Thu Dd Hd Ndi, cdn phdi Idm tot mgt sd vdn de sau; - Ve phia gidng vien Ddi vdi cdc giang vien gidng day cdc hgc phdn Tdm ly - Gido due mdm non, cdn chii ddng cap nhdt, tim hilu them cdc tinh hudng su pham mdi sinh thyc tiln vd dua vao qud trinh giang day dl trao doi, thdo ludn nham hinh thdnh cdc ky nang giai quyet tinh huong su pham cho sinh vien Vdi cdc gidng vien gidng day cdc mdn phuang phdp, ngoai viec thudng xuyen cap nhdt cdc phuang phdp day hgc lien lien, cac yeu cdu ddi mdi ngodi Ihyc te, cdn thudng xuyen ciing cd cdc kien thiic tam ly, gido dye tre mdm non Hien nay, ciing vdi su phat trien cua xa hdi, cdc dac diem phat trien ldm ly, the luc vd van dgng ciia ire cdng cd nhieu bien ddi vd phai trien da dang, phiic tap Neu phucmg phap giang day khdng phti hgp vdi dac diem tdm sinh ly ciia tre thuc te, thi cdng tac cham sdc giao due Ire se gap rdt nhieu khd khan Trong qud trinh giang day gidng vien cdn quan tdm den viec day mdu lam mau Ddy la mdt khau tat yeu irong qua trinh hinh ky nang Cac gidng vien cd the chii ddng de xuat va mdi giao vien gidi lir cdc trudng mam non cimg thiet kl, xdy dung va lam mdu lai giang dudng Su sinh ddng hoat dgng hgc lap iren Idp se giiip sinh vien hinh ky nang su pham mgl each nhanh nhal, hieu qua nhat Trong qua trinh gidng day, cdn tang cudng gido due nhan thiic cho sinh vien nham giiip hg y ihiic dugc vai trd, tdm quan trgng ciia viec ren ky nang giao liep su pham ddi vdi viec hinh lhanh, phat trien ky nang nghe, ttr dd sinh vien se chu dgng rich cue ren luyen thudng xuyert lien tuc Tranh hien tugng chi chii trgng den viec liep thu kien thirc nganh md bd qua kien thiic nghiep vu - Vephia nhd truang Trudc het, ve chuang lrinh dao lao Chuang trinh dao tao cdn bd sung dgt kien lap ddu khda Sau smh vien nam thir nhat nhdp hgc xong, se dugc dua xudng trudng mam non theo hinh thirc tap trung I tuan nham budc dau cd cai nhin long quan \e nghe nghiep ma minh se nghien ciiu, hgc tdp \ a lam viec tuang lai Khac vdi cac chuyen nganh dao tao khdc, nhu dao tao gido vien Tieu hge Trung hgc CO sd, Trung hgc phd thdng, lua chgn nghe, hau nhu sinh vien mam non chua hinh dung dugc cdng \ iec nghe nghiep ma minh phai lam sau la gi nhung hinh anh ve boat dgng ma hg dugc tham gia tir cdn la tre mam non thi da qua lau hau nhu khong cdn m I TRUdNB BAI HOC THlIl BO HA Nqi dn tugng gi nhilu, han nira, nlu thi cQng khdc xa so vdi ySu cdu vd md hinh day dd, cham soc tre hien Viec den cdc trudng mdm non dl quan sdt vd tim hilu, neu cd thi ctmg chi Id sau gid hdnh chinh, vi?c tham khao tren cdc kenh thdng tin nhu intemet thi cQng chi Id cdc tilt day (hoat dgng) dan le Chinh vi vdy, cdc sinh vien mdm non mdi nhdp hgc diu chua cd hinh dung hay kiln thirc cy thi nao ve nghi Dilu gay nhieu khd khan qua trinh hgc tap ly thuyit frSn ldp tgi hgc k^ ddu ti6n ciing nhu qua trinh giao tiep vdi tre di thyc hanh tai hgc kJ ciia khda hgc Tiep theo, vl ca sd vdt chdt, cdn trang bi phdng thyc hdnh nghiep vy su pham vdi ddy du cdc trang thiet bi day hgc, ban ghe, thdm ngdi va dd dung dd choi nhu m^t phdng hgc ciia tre d trudng mdm non Phdng thyc hanh sB la ncri de sinh vien va giang vien tiln hdnh cdc hoat dgng thyc hanh mdn hgc thudng xuygn, sinh vien se co ea h^i dl thi hi^n each chuan bi mdi trudng chai, dgi hinh choi ciing nhu cdc budc giao dn td chirc hogt ddng Ngodi ra, phdng thyc hdnh cung la nai de gidng vien va sinh vien triln khai thi dilm cdc md hinh gido dye mdi cho tre mdm non thdng qua cdc gid day thyc nghi6m vd ddm bdo nguyen tac gido dye gdn ly thuyet vdi thuc hdnh Ben canh dd, vi6c xay dung trudng mdm non thyc hdnh vd xdy dyng mang ludi trudng mdm non thyc hdnh vf tinh ciing la mdt ylu td rat quan trgng, tgo ca hgi cho sinh vien dugc trdi nghiSm d cdc mdi trudng khdc nhau, hinh thdnh vd phat triln cdc kJ nang nghi nghiep mdt each dn dinh nhu yeu cdu ciia ca chl hinh ky nang HI thdng thiet bj day hgc, dd diing dd chai gidng day cho cdc mdn hgc cdn duge trang bi day du Hifn nay, vi6c hinh ky nSng nghi nghiep cho sinh viSn mdm non hdu hit diu thdng qua giao trinh, ho§c tdt hon mgt chiit Id qua quan sat cac video cac giang vien suu tdm Day Id mdt han chl Idn ciia hoat dgng ren luygn nghifp vu su pham, vi dgy "chay" nhu vdy se khdng tao dugc ca hdi cho sinh viBn thyc hien dd budc dl hmh ky nang nghiep vu su phgm Sau ciing, cdn ddi mdi ndi dung, each ddnh gid va cdch thiic td chirc cac hoat ddng ren luyen nghiep vu cho sinh vien va cd ca chl hd trg hgp ly Ngoai edc cuOc thi giang, thi Nghiep vu gidi dien hang ndm, n6n bd sung them ndi dung thi sogn gido dn va dugc td chiie trudc cac phdn thi trgn m$t thdi gian nhdt dinh (phdn thi gidng, soan gido dn sg phdi id phdn thi trgng tdm ciia hgi thi) Thuc tl hien cho thdy, cdc phdn thi ciia Hgi thi Nghiep vy gidi nhu Ldi chao sinh vien, Sinh vien thong thdi, Tdi nang sinh vien dugc ddu tu rdt nhieu, dien rdt soi ndi; nhifin, phdn Thi gidng chuyen ngdnh mdi Id thyc chdt, cdn cd sy quan tam, ddu tu cong sire, tri lyc cua nhilu phia, cd nha trudng, khoa vd chinh cac sinh vien - giao vign mdm non tuang lai TAP CHi KHDA HDC - BO TI/ZOlB L!^ K E T LUAN UNESCO da dk xudt bdn tru cot ca bdn ciia gido due thi ki 21, theo do, ben cgnh sy chuyin hudng dao tao, ddi mdi he didng giao dye vi md, hi nr din chuang trinh, phuang phdp, phuang thiic dao tao , ngudi hoc cdn phat huy tinh tich eye, chii dgng, sang tgo cua minh Trong bdi cdnh gido dye nude nha vd ciia nha trudng hien tai, phuang thirc dao tao phu hgp nhdt ciia trudng Dai hgc Thii dd Ha Ndi hien vdi cdc nganh nghe ndi chung, ngdnh Gido due Mdm non ndi rieng la ddo tao gdn vdi thuc tien Trong chd dgi viec xdy dyng trudng mdm non thyc hanh theo chii truang, nhd trudng can xdy dyng ea che vd chuang trinh ddo tao phii hgp, cap nhat, hien dai; ddng thai, tao dieu kien de Khoa Gido due Mdm non dugc lien ket, hgp tac todn dien vdi cdc trudng mdra non cdng lap, quoc te cd chdt lugng, da dugc tham dinh, de tao ca hdi, dieu kien cho sinh vien hgc hdi va thyc hdnh cac ky nang can thiet cdc mdi trudng tien tien, quoc tl Cd nhu va> hoat ddng ren luyen nghiep vu su pham, kT nang giao tiep su pham ciia sinh vien khoa Giao due Mdm non mdi dugc nang cao TAI LIEU TH.AVI K H A O Bo Giao due va Dao tao (2008), Q-uy dinh vi Chudn nghi nghiip gido vien mdm non Bo Giao due va Dao tao (2012) Chuang trinh gido due mdm non N'xb Giao due Viet Nam 86 Giao due va Dao lao (2014), Dieu le Truong MtSm non Pham Thi Chau, Nguyen Thi Oanh, Trin Thi Sinh (201 i) Gido due hgc mdm non, Nxb Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Ngi Uo'HggcDaHlOM), Nghiep vu suphgm hiin dai ddp 1.2) Nxb Dai hoc Su phara M.X Mukhina (1981) Tdm ly hoc mdu gido flap 1.2), Nxb Giao due DEVELOPING PEDAGOGICAL C O M L ^ I C A T I O N SKILLS FOR MAJOR OF PRE-SCHOOL E D U C A T I O N S STLT)ENTS 4.T HANOI METROPOLIT.A.N U M \ ERSITY Abstract- Developing pedagogical communication skills are important issues in the training of teachers at present, especially in preschool teacher training Pedagogical communication skills should be formed and de\-eloped through many steps, from the acquisition of knowledge and observation to practice, especially practical training is considered as the most important role In fact, pedagogical training communication skills for preschool teachers at the Ha Xoi Metropolitan L'nn ersily should be enhanced more effectively in order to develop pedagogical communicalion skills for students at Ha Xoi Metropolitan University Keywords Skill, pedagogical preschool teacher communication, pedagogical communication skills ... nghiep cua giao viin mam non Giao vien mam non la ngudi lam nhiem vu nudi dudng, cham sdc, giao due tre tir thang den 72 thang tudi lai cac ca sd giao due mam non Cd the coi giao vien mam non la... tre trudc tudi hgc nen khac vdi giao vien d cac cap hgc khac giao vien mam non phai cham sdc giao due tre theo phuang thirc cd giao nhu me hien Vi \a\ giao vien mam non phai hoi tu dii pham chdl,... nang giao tiep su pham ciia sinh vien khoa Giao due Mdm non mdi dugc nang cao TAI LIEU TH.AVI K H A O Bo Giao due va Dao tao (2008), Q-uy dinh vi Chudn nghi nghiip gido vien mdm non Bo Giao due