HINH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN Kl NANG SIT PHAM CHO SINH VIEN NGANH GIAD DUC M A M NDN T R D D N G DAI HDC DONG THAP TS NGUYEN V A N BAN'''' 1 Giao dye mam non (GDMN) la bae hpc cdvj tri vd Cling quan trpng tr[.]
HINH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN Kl NANG SIT PHAM CHO SINH VIEN NGANH GIAD DUC M A M NDN TRDDNG DAI HDC DONG THAP TS Giao dye mam non (GDMN) la bae hpc cdvj tri vd Cling quan trpng he thd'ng giao dye quoe dan Ngudi giao vien (G V) gidi d bae hpc khdng Chl can cdhieu bietsau rpng li luan ve khoa hoe giao dye ndi ehung va khoa hpe GDMN ndi rieng ma cdn phai ed kT nang su pham (KNSP) vQng vang Do baehpemam non mang tinh chat dae thti so vdi cac cap bae hpc khae, bdi tre em cang nho su giao due cang khd nen giao vien mam non (GVMN) cang phai chti y ren luyen de ed ban Hnh, KNSP vung vang Nhung kinang (KN) duoc cac nha trudng va khoa su pham dao tao G VM N hinh cho hp tli cdn hpc tap tai tn/dng su pham va dupc ticli luy, bo sung, phat then Irong sud't qua trinh day hpc cua GVMN 0Tn/dngOaihpe(DH)D6ng Thap, SV nganh GDMN cung dupe dao tao can than ve pham chat dao dtic, kien thtic va KNSP nhim dap ting myc tieu cua GDMN Tuy nhien, tren thyc te, nhieu SV sau td't nghiep cdng tac nhieu nam nhung van yeu ve KN cham sdc - giao dye (CS-GD) tre, chua dat cac yeu cau thude linh vye KNSP ma Chuin nghenghiep GVMN66ihQ\ Bdile, tukhi cdn hoc tap trucffig OH, viec hinh KNSP cho SV van cdn nhieu han che Thuc trang KNSP ctia SV nganh GDMN Trudng OH Oong Thap KNSP ctia GV la kha nang van dyng nhdng kien thiic da thu nhan duoc qua trinh dao tao deae tn/dng, khoa su pham thupc linh vuc giao due ap dyng vao hoat ddng day va hpc, giao dye hpe sinh thyc te vdi hieu qua eao Chuin nghenghiep G VMNxac djnh rat cy the yeu cau vdi 20 tieu chi IhupclinhvucKNSPmaGVMN can dat dugc Song, de thuc hien dupc cac yeu cau va nhung tieu ehi nay, GV phai cd nang luc su pham nha't dinh Do vay, hinh KN nghecho SV nganh GDMN can thiet phai g i n vdi dao tao eac nang luc su pham, de hp cd kha nang thuc hien lot nhiem vy CS-GD tre cac c o s d G D M N tren co sd cd h ieu biet va ren luyen NGUYEN V A N BAN' td't cae nhdm KNSP Trong nht/ng nam vua qua, chat lupng dao tao nang lue va KNSP cho SV nganh GDMN ctia Trudng OH Oong Thap da lang len ro ret, dap ting duoc yeu eau co ban ve chat luong dpi ngu ciia giao dye cae dia phuong khu vt/c dong bang sdng Cuu Long Tuy nhien, KNSP ctia SV van cdn nhiing han che nha't dinh Khao sat 90 SV nam thti tu he DH nganh GDMN khoa luyen sinh 2007-2011, chiing tdi nhan thay, SV v l n nhieu ye'u kem dca nhdm KNSP ma Chuan nghe nghiep GVMNd6ih6\dGyMN• Nhdm KN lap kehoach CS-GD tre la nhom KN vd cling quan trpng dd'i vdi GVMN thehien nang luc cua ngudi GVM N biet lam viee theo kehoach, gin vdi myc lieu giao dye va npi dung giao dye cu the, Chuan nghe nghiep GVMN dat cac lieu chi cho nhdm KN la: lap ke hoach CS-G D tre d Idp minh phy trach theo nam hpe, theo thang, tuan; lap kehoach hoatdpng mptngaytheohudngtich hpp; lap kehoach phd'i hpp vdi cha me cua Ire dethuc hien myc tieu CSGD Ire Song, vdi nhdm KN nay, tuban than SV cung danh gia cdn nhieu han che: cd 20% SV tU danh gia cdnye'u;32,22%ehidatmuclrungblnh;24,44%dat muckhava23.34%datmucgidi Nguyen nhan ehinh la SV chua hieu sau sae ve myc tieu va npi dung ke hoach CS-GD tre nen viec lap kehoach chti ye'u di/a theo mau, may mdc va chua ed hieu qua - Nhdm KN toehue cac hoat dgng cham soc sue khde cho tre ddi hdi G V phai biet to chtic mdi trudng nhdm, ldp dam bao ve sinh va an toan cho tre; biet to chi/c giac ngtj, bua an dam bao ve sinh cho tre; biet hudng d i n tre ren luyen mdl so KN tu phyc vy; biet phdng tranh va xi) tri ban dau mot so benh, tai nan thudng gap dd'i vdi tre Lien quan de'n nhdm KN nay, qua trinh hpctap dtrudng OH, SV da dupc trang bi day du ve kien thtic cham sdc, nudi dudng tre mam non Tuy nhien, SV van cdn * Tnrdng Bai hoc Song Tbap 24 Tap chi Gido due so 305 -(kil-3/2013) han che've KN thue hanh nhucach lam vesinh nhdm ldp, viee cham sdc cho tre lam ve sinh ca nhan, viee td chtic gkj hpc tap, gidan, gid ngu cho tre Ketqua khao sat eho thay, ed 15,56% SV li/ danh gia cdn ye'u; 27.78% dat yeu cau; 28,88% dat mtic kha va 27,78% dat mtic gidi Nguyen nhan ehinh v l n la SV chua dugc ren luyen nhieu d cac eo sd G DM N nen cdn liing lung thao tac cdng viec eham sdc tre, mac dti cd duge trang bi kha tot kien thtic ve cham sde nudi dudng tre - Nhom KN toehue cac hoat dgng giao due cho tre ddi hoi GVMN phai biet to chtic eac hoat ddng giao dye tre theo hudng tieh hop, phat huy linh tich cue sang tao cua tre; biet to chiic mdi trudng giao due phti hgp; biet sudung hieu qua dting, Choi , vao viee to ehiic cac hoat dpng giao due tre; biet quan sat danh gia tre va ed phuong phap CS GD dye tre phij hgp Vdi nhdm KN nay, SV cung dugc trang bi kha day du kien thtic li luan Irong qua trinh hpc nhung KN thuc hanh van cdn ye'u Cd 18,88% SV tudanh gia d mtic ye'u; 28,88% SV dat miictrungbinh;24,44%SV dat mtic khava 27,78% SV dat mtic gidi Nguyen nhan chinh van la SV cdn it dugc thuc hanh ren luyen lai cac co sd GDMN qua trinh dao tao - Nhdm KN quan Hidp hgc ddi hoi G V phai dam bao an toan eho Ire; xay dung va thuc hien ke hoach quan li nhdm, Idp g i n vdt kehoach hoat ddng CS-GD tre; quan li va sudung cd hieu qua hoso, so sach ca nhan, nhdm, lcp;sip xep, bao quan dodung, choi, san pham cua tre phti hgp vdi mye dich CS-GD Ket qua khao sat SV cho tha'y, cd 20% SV edn yeu o nhdm KN nay; 20% SV dat miic trung binh; 35,56% SV dat mtic kha va 24,44% SV dat mt/c gidi Tuy nhien, KN chied the bdc Id rd SV di thue lap Nam hpc 2010-2011, SV cd thdi gian di thi/c tap ca mpt hpc ki song v l n cdn cd nhieu S V chua ren luyen tot KN Thdi gian tdi, ap li/c ctia viec dao tao theo he thd'ng tin chl, Ihdi gian de ren luyen nghiep vy su phgm thudng xuyen va iht/c tap nghe nghiep eua SV se it di, dieu dd se cd the anh hudng de'n ket qua ren luyen nhdm KN cua SV - Nhdm KN giao tiep, ung xudol hdi G V cd K N giao tiep, ting xii vdi tre gan gui, linh cam; cd KN giao liep, ting xt}vdi dong nghiep chan tinh, eoi md, thang thin; gan gui, ton trpng, hgp tac giao tiep, ting xt/vdicham?tre;giaoti^,iingxu'vdi cdng dong tren tinh than hgp tac, chia se Tuy nhdm KN ddi hdi phai cdthdi gian ren luyen thue tenhieu nhung SV duoe trang bi kien thiic chae ehan thdi gian hpe dtrudng OH nen da tiep can nhanh hon di thuc tap tdt nghiep Ket qua khao sat cho Uiaiy, cd 17,77% SV cdn yeu; 20% S V dat tmng binh; 34.45% SV dat miic kha va 27,78% SV dat mtic gidi Mot sd'bien phap chii yeu n h i m hinh vaphattrien KNSP cho SV nganh GDMN Trudng OH Dong Thap De hinh lot cac KNSP cho SV nganh GDMN, ehiing tdi de xuat mpt so bien phap sau: - Xay dung ehuang trinh ren iuyen nghiep vu supham thudng xuyen cho SVmgtcach khoa hgc va td chuc thi/c hien chuang trinh gan vol muc tieu dio tao Hien nay, nha tn/dng dang ehuyen da sang dao tao theo he thdng tin chi nen viec thuc hien eae chuong trinh ren luyen nghiep vy supham thudng xuyen nhu trudc day khdng cdn phti hpp Ndi dung ehu yeu eiia ehuong trinh ren luyen nghiep vusu pham thudng xuyen !a hinh cac KNSP se gap nhieu khd khan thdi gian cd han, ke hoach hoc tap cua mdiSV lai cdthekhdng gid'ng Vitfie, can xay dyng chuong trinh ren luyen KNSP that chi tiet bing each tang cudng thue hanh theo he thd'ng bai tap eho tling nhdm KN ma SV can cd - Tang eudng quan he supham -casdGDMN tao dieu kien cho SV dugc ren luyen eac KNSP thdng qua cae hoat ddng kien tap vathuc tap Mdl tn/dng de SV ren luyen td't nha't caeKNSP la chinh thuc tetiicac CO s d G D M N Dodo, ngoai Trudng Mam non Hoa Hong tn/c thupc Trudng DH Dong Thap dang thi/c hien nhiem vu cua mditrudng thue hanh supham de dao taoGVMN,viec xay dung mdl he thd'ng cac trudng mam non ve tinh lam eO sd thuc hanh su pham cho SV la rat can thiet, bdi chinh d eac Irudng nay, SV khdng chi duge hge ma cdn dugc van diing tn/c tiep nhung gi da hpc vao thuc tien day hge deed dieu kien ren luyen KNSP nhieu hdn - Tang cudng thdi gian kien tap va thuc tap supham gitip S V sdm hda nhap vdi nghe nghiep va mdl tn/dng day hge eunq la bien phap can thiet nhim giiJp S V nhanh chdng nam bat thue le'giao due va ed dieu kien ren luyen eac KNSP Ihiet thue - Hudng din SV iap ke'hoaeh tt/ ren luyen cac/fWSPeho ca nhan phli hop vdi kehoach dao lao Chung cua khoa va nha trudng Bien phap phu hgp vdi phuong thiic dao tao theo he thd'ng tin chi la (Xem tiep trang 65) Tap chi Gido due so 305 (ki 1-3/2013)' 25 d bae tieu hpc; - Tang cudng G D hda nhap tre khuyet tat vao eac tmdng PT binh thudng, dd HS v i n nhan dupc hdti-pcua GD dae biet, giam thieu eac tiudng dae biet dde lap; - Xay dung chuan nang lyc cac m dn hpc PTdbinh dien lien bang;-Xay dyng chuong trinh khung mdidcac bang dya tren ehuan mdn hpc; - Phat trien he thdng dam bao chat lupng tmdng hpc, danh gia va kiem djnh chat lupng tmdng hpc djnh ki; - Thuc hien ki thi tdt nghiep tap tmng (cap bang) ddi vdi bae THCS vaTHPT,-Tang cudng BD giao vien Hoc sinh gdc Viet hethong giao due Due HS gde Viet cd tich hpc tap dang tuhao ti'ong hethong G D Oiic Trong toan lien bang, nam hpc 20102011 cd khoang 59% eon em gdc Viet dang theo hpe d cac tmdng Gym nasium, ti le ddi vdi tre em Oiic ban xdla43% So sanh vdinhdm tre em cd ngudn gdc tuThoNhlKi hay Italy thitilehpcGym nasium ciia freem gdc Viet cao gap5 lan.Cac khaosathien ve nguyen nhan cdng cua nhdm HS gdc Viettrong cac tmdng hoc dDiic deu nhan manh ye'u tdvan hda la tnjyen thd'ng hieu hpc, suquan tam va dau tucua gia dinh ngudi Viet ddi vdi suhpc tap cua cai Tuy nhien, ap luc ciia cha me dd'i vdi eon ca d nhdm ngucri Viet cung dupc danh gia la Idn nhat Tuy cdng d trudng hpc Due, nhung tre em gdc Viet lai cd van de chinh viee hpe tieng me de Hien nay, chicd mdt sdit tmdng dua mdn Tieng VietMao nhu mdn hpc ngoai khda va d mdt sd phd Idn cd eac Idp day tie'ng Viet ciia cdng ddng ngudi Viet, Sd ddng tre em Viet d cac tmdng PT Due ed the' giao tiep nhung khdng thao tie'ng Viet, a Tdi li£u tham khao Bundesminislerium fr Bildung und Fortschung; Bildungsbericht 2012 S e k r e t a r i a l der S i n d i g e n K o n f e r e n z der Kultusminister der Lnder in der Bundesrepublik Deui.schland: D a s B i l d u n g s w e s e n in der Biindesrepubiik Deulschland 2010/2011 Juli 2011 http://www.bildungsserver.de http://www.kmk.org/home.html SUMMARY The arUcle focuses on education system in Germany and changing trends The current trend Is reducing early streaming at lower secondaiy level, according to which, three types of secondaiy schools will be combined Into/reduced to two types Vocational training will be put into dua! system m Germany or only within vocational schools Higher educaUon Includes general universities and applied sciences universities which provide bachelor and master training (kil-3/2013)- Hinh vaphat trien (Tiep theo trang25) tang cudng hoat ddng tu hpc, tu ren luyen cua SV; giiip S V van dyng cd hieu qua, linh hoat va sang tao nhung hieu biet va KNSP mpi hoan eanh Ngoai ra, hoat ddng dao tao cung can tiep tyc thuc hien td'tviec doi mai phuang phap dao tao, phuang phap day hgc de' tao eo sd dong bd eho SV hinh va ren luyen nang lue va KNSP Hinhthanhvaphattrien KNSP eho SVIamue tieu hudng tdi eiia Tmdng OH Oong Thap qua trinh dao tao GV ndi ehung, dao tao GVMN ndi rieng Vi vay, can nang cao KN thuc hanh nghe nghiep cho SV thdng qua nhieu bien phap dong bd Trong dd, can chiitrpng de'n viec tdchiic hoatdpng ren luyen nghiep vu su pham thudng xuyen va hoat dpng thue tap eua SV gan vdi cae co sd thuc hanh theo mpt chuong trinh ren luyen dupc xay dung hpp li; ddng thdi, phat huy tinh tich cue ehii dpng tu ren luyen eiia mdi SV phu hpp vdi dieu kien cua tung SV Cd nhu vay, chat lupng dao tao KN nghe cho SV nganh GDMN ciia nha trudng mdi dap ung dupe muc tieu de Q Tai ii^u tham khao BO GD-E)T Clw&i nghi ngMpp gido vien nidin nun, 2008 Ki y^u hOi thao "Ndng cao chdt lugng ddo tgo dai hm: sau dai hpc chuyin ngdnh Gido due wuim non" Tnifmg D(ii hpc su'ph^m Ha N6i va Vu Giao duc m ^ non, 2005 Ki yfi^u hOi thao '^Mgl so gidi phdp ndng cao chdt litgiig ddo lao gido viin mdm non" Trumig D^i hoc Quing Binh, 2008 Ki yg^u hoi thao "Ndng cao chdt lirong ddo lao gido viin mdm non trtnh dai hgc" Truang D^i hpc sir pham TP H6 Chi Minli, 2009 Chuong trinh ddo tgo gido vien mdm non hi dgi hpc vd cao ddng suphgm Truang Dai hpc D6ng Thap, 2008 SUMMARY In recent years, although the quality of teacher training sector Early Childhood Education from the University of Dong Thap has marked improvement but still weak students of all groups of teachers' skills in accordance with professional standards professional preschool teachers Formation Is therefore necessary pedago0cal skills to students with a number of key measures such as training programs to build job skills properly, increases the pedagogical relationship - preschool environment for training students to intensUy the operation time for comments and apprenticeship training, and guide students to plan appropriate tramIng for mdividuals and promote active, positive in fostering students' professional skiUs Tap chi Gido dye so 305 65 ...han che''ve KN thue hanh nhucach lam vesinh nhdm ldp, viee cham sdc cho tre lam ve sinh ca nhan, viee td chtic gkj hpc tap, gidan, gid ngu cho tre Ketqua khao sat eho thay, ed 15,56% SV... chuyin ngdnh Gido due wuim non" Tnifmg D(ii hpc su''ph^m Ha N6i va Vu Giao duc m ^ non, 2005 Ki yfi^u hOi thao ''^Mgl so gidi phdp ndng cao chdt litgiig ddo lao gido viin mdm non" Trumig D^i hoc Quing... Ket qua khao sat cho Uiaiy, cd 17,77% SV cdn yeu; 20% S V dat tmng binh; 34.45% SV dat miic kha va 27,78% SV dat mtic gidi Mot sd''bien phap chii yeu n h i m hinh vaphattrien KNSP cho SV nganh GDMN