NiiliVAPHliniilfNNANGlllCNGHtNGHIlPCflDSINHVIiNSIlPHilN THONG QUA DAY HOC THEO Oil AN HOG PHAN HINH HOG CAO CAP NGUYEN NGOC BICH'''' Abstract Project ~ based learning is a method of teaching with high co[.]
NiiliVAPHliniilfNNANGlllCNGHtNGHIlPCflDSINHVIiNSIlPHilN THONG QUA DAY HOC THEO Oil AN HOG PHAN HINH HOG CAO CAP NGUYEN NGOC BICH' Abstract: Project ~ based learning is a method of teaching with high collaboration and practice By analyzing its characteristics as well as strong points, the paper aims al showing Project-based learning form's conlribulions to the establishment and enhancement for pedagogical students of mathematics with required professional competences Keywords: Project - based learning, professional competences, advanced geometry Ngay nhgn bdi: 01/03/2016; sira chua: 10/03/2016; duyet ddng: 18/03/2016 P hat trien nang luc (NL) nghe nghiep eho sinh vien (SV) la nhiem vy co ban cua cac tnjdng su pham Trong chuang trinh dao tao giao vien Toan d cac trudng s u pham, cac mdn khoa hpc CO ban cd vai trd quan trpng viec trang bi kien th lie cho SV; tddd, cac em cdthexay dung npi dung, phuong phap td chdc day hpc d trudng phd thdng sau Nhung djnh hudng su pham la can thiet frong day hpc cac mdn khoa hpe co ban nh^m dam bao noidung kien thdc eua mon hpc, dap dngyeu eau doimdigiaoduc phothdng, tang cudng,pha ket hop va long ghep vao nhiem vu ren luyen nghiep vu s u pham cho SV Do quan diem tiep can ve loai hinh, phantoai,each thdc thuc hien d u an nen mpt sd dinh nghia cd su khac biet Tuy nhien, deu thd'ng nhatve nhdng diem sau: djnh hudng vao ngudi hpc, vao san pham va xuat phat td npi dung chuong trinh hpc tap Theo Chung tdi: DHTDA lahinh thuc to chuc day hoc, Uong dudi SI/hudng din cua giang vien (G V), S V thtic hien mgt nhiem vu hgc lap phuc hgp, co sukethgp gida li thuyet va thi^ hanh, co the tao san pham va gid^ffiieu dugc Ngudi hgc tham gia xac dinh muc dich, lap kehoach, thuc hien, kiem tra, dieu chinh, danh gia qua trinh va liet qua thuc hien vdi tinh tuli/c cao toan bg qua trinh hgc tap Day hpc theo du an (DHTDA) Thuat ngd duan tieng Anh la "projecf, ed ngudn gdc td tieng Latinh va dupc hieu la mpt de an, di/thao hay kehoach Duan lamdt dudjnh, kehoach can dupc thuc hien dieu kien thdi gian, phuong tientaichinh, nhan luc xac dinh dedatdupc myc tieu de Du an cd tinh phdc hpp, tong the, dupc thi/c hien dudi hinh thdc td chdc duan chuyen biet Vdi xuthedd! mdi ndi dung va PPDH, DHTDA cd y nghTa quan trpng viec thuc hien xu theday hpe tich hpp, phu hpp vdi phuong thde dao tao theo lie thdng tin ehi Cdthe tdm t§t nhdng uu diem cPban saucua DHTDA'-Giup cho npi dung hpc tap trdnen cd y nghTa hon thue ti§n; - Gdp phan doi mdi PPDH, phuong thdc dao tao, phat huy tinh tich eye, tu luc, ehu ddng, sang tao eua ngudi hpc; - Tao moi tnj'dng thuan Ipi cho ngudihpc ren luyen va phattrien cac NL hpe tap, khanang giao tiep DHTDA (Project - based leaming) cdn dupc gpi laphuong phap duan (projectmethod), hay day hpc t l ^ can du an (project based approaching) Trong DHTDA, ngudi hpc tuluc thuc hien mptnhiem vu hpe tap phdc hpp, CP s u ket hop gi(?a li thuyet va thuc hanh, tap san pham co thegidi thiai Lam viec nhdm la hinh thdc co ban cua DHTDA Theo Trinh Van Bieu va cac cpng su: DHTDA la mpt hinh thdc day hpc hay phuong pliap day hpc (PPDH) phdc hep, dd dudi suhudng d i n cua giao vien, ngUdi lipc tiep thu kien thdc va hinh kt nang thong qua viee giai quyet bai tap (du an) thuc tiin,cdsukethppgidaH'thuyetvdi thue hanh va tao san pham cuthe (kil-5/2016) Tuy nhien, DHTDA cung cd mptsdmat han che nhu: - Vengidung: Khong phai noidung hpc tap nao cung cdthetrdthanh chu de to'chuc DHTDA cd hieu qua Mpt npi dung cdthe van dung DHTDA hieu qua can thoa man mdtsd tieu chi nhatdinh Vivay,GV can nSm vdng kien thue e_o ban cua mon hpc, hieu sau s^e ung dung thuc tien cua mon hpc dd thuc tien ndi chung va nghe nghiep tuong Iai cua S V ndi rieng; tudd, suy nghTva dexuat ndi dung co theto ch\JcDHJDA;-Veviecchuanbikehoachdayhocva 'Tnrdingflai hoc Vinh Tap chi Giao due so 381 53 quan Skip hgc Be quan li qua trinh day hoc DHTDA, GV can chuan bi ke hoach bai hpc chi liet, eg the; - Veviec tochuc DHTDA ndichung, DHTDA thudng khong thuc hien dUdc mpt tiet hpc ma can nhieu Ihdi gian, dci vupt ngoai khong gian ldp hpc, hoatdpng hpc tap da dang.Tuynhien,viec 16' chiifc DHTDA hien lai co nhieu thuan loi klii thuc hien phuong thuc dao lao theo hethongtin chi, chuong Irinh dap lao cd su linh heat, mem deo, GV cdthesudung quythdigian ngpai gid len ldp phu hop vditLTng noidung bai hpc 2.NLnghenghiepcLiaSVnganhsupham Toan Trpng qua Irinh lipc tap, SV su pham can hoc lap, nang cap NLnhanthuc,chuyen mon,nghi^vuvaNL nghien cijru khpa hpc nham dap ung yeu cau dao tao Theo [1; Ir 246-253]: 'NhOng NL cu thecan datduac aJaSVsuphamToanla:-L'ienhenhunglrithtkToan hgc phothdng vol th thik Toan hgc hien dai co lien quan, Ihay ro cosd khoa hgcciJa nhQng Itilhijc Toan hgcphothdngi-Giailoanpholhong, hethong hoa cac dangvacachgiaicholijhgbaitoan,biettrangb! nhiing III thuc phuong phap ling vol moi ngi dung day hgc; l//du; Thieike d u a n hpc tap; "Binh thiic Gran vdl khoang each giVa cac phing va the'thh ala m hop khong gian EucUe n chieu' Y luong iJe thuc hien duan xuat phat Id each tinh khoang each giua hai dudncj thang, gifla dudng thang va mai p h l n g ; linh the tich tu dien, the lich hinh hop Irong chudng trinh Imng hpc phothong.Tudd, djnh huong each tinh khoang each gifla cac phang va the tich cua m - ddn hinh, m -Aop khong gian EucMe n chieu theo mpdule cua vectd Van dyng tinh chal ve mc'i lien he cua djnh Ihuc Gram vdi mcdule ciia vecto de dua each tinh khcang each giiia cac phang va the lich cua m - hop khong gian Euclide n chieu thep djnh thuc Gram Thcng qua qua trinh thuc hien d u an, SV n j m vflng kicn thiic HHCC, dcng thdihieuro hon ve cong thdc tinh dien tieh, the lich d tmng hpc pho'Ihong (flng vdi n = hoae n= 3), van dyng hieu qua trpng viec giai quyet cac baitcan lien quan 3.2 Hinh NL giai toan phdthdng, h( thdng hoa cac dang va each giai cho tihg bM toan, biei each trang bj nljung tri thiic phuang • Van dijng liluan va PPDH mon Toan vao day hgc a phap tuang ling vai mdi ndi dung day hoc trudng phothdng dedat dugc muc teu giao dix: DHTDA giup SV van dung kien thiJcli thuyet cua • Phat trien tif cho hgc sinh (HS) day hgc men hpc vap hoat dpng thuc tiln nghi nghiip: xay mon Toan i} In/dng phd thong; • To chiic hoai dgng dung bai loan mdi, lien he vdi toan hpe tliong nhan thiic ttong day hgc mon Toan otn/ohg phothdng; Qua dp, SV cung co, m d rpng kien thflc li thuylt ren • Lt/dng tn/dc nhung kho khan, sai lam cua HS luyen kha nang van kien thflc loan hpe thong, qua Irinh linh hgi kien Ihiic va giai loan; -Thiet ke va hinh kTnang nghe nghiep Ihitchien bai soan; - Danhgia ket qua hgc lap cua HS; l//'du.-Tam ti cu la mpt npi dung trpng chuong • Van diing Iri thuc Toan hgc vao thi/c lietf' Irinh Hinh hoc 10 Cd the ndi day la mot npi dung Vi vay, qua trinh day hoc cac mdn khpa khd, tnki tupng dpi vc* HS, Vdi nhflng bai loan v6 hpc CO ban ndi chung, Hinh hgc cao cap (HHCC} vecto, quy tich hay cue trj, cd the sfl dgng kien te ndi riSng, GV can lang cudng, kethpp va long ghep lam ticudeeddfldc each giai ngSn gpn,suction nhiem yu dao lap nghiep vu; trang bj chp SV nen Xuatphaltflylfldngvandunglinhohatcualam*' lang kien thdc, cac khai niem co ban, xay dung "cau cudephan loaiva giai cae bai loan chflong finh noi" mpt so' kien thdc Toan cao cap vdi Toan hpc tmng hpc Ihong, trang bi cho SV tri Ihflc phuong pho'thong Thong qua cao PPDH tich cue, GV can phap tflOng flng vdi npi dung day hpc kiln thuc hudng dan SV lap di/pt, thiet ke ke hpach hpc tap, Tamllcucuahediehtrongkhdnggianalin'ilnii^ chii dpng xac lap va Ihuc Ihi ke hpach chiem Hnh tri hpp phan HHCC), chung toi xay dung duan hpcljp: thdc, phattrien NL ca nhan; giup SV dUdc hpc tap T a m liciicua he die'm va ling dung tmngg'iiloin hoat dpng va bang hoatdpng, phattrien NL hinh hgc phd6 Ihdng' Trong qua trinh thirc hifin du phathien vagiai quyet van de an, thong qua bp cau hpi djnh hfldng, SVhInhttianh Hinh va phat trie'n NL nghe nghiep dupc khai niem iam ticucuahediem flngvdimopo cho SV s u pham Toan thong qua DHTDA hoc so eho trfldc, khai mem tam cua mot hfidim Nghien cflu cac tinh chatcua lam tl cfl, ln?ngtam, SV phan HHCC 3.1 Hinh NL lien he giiia trithiic Toan dua hethong bai lap va phan loai dua Iren li)ngdac hoc thong vai tri thiic Toan hgc cao cap, trung cu the ChSng han, cae dang toan n M chiing gliip SV thay ro casa Toan hgc da nhiing tri minh suton tai nhatcua met diem thoa man he thflc vecto eho ln/dc;xac dinh quylioh oua mptdiem thiic Toan hgc thong 541 Tap chi Gido due so 381 (kil-5/2016) thoa man^mptdang Ihuc vecto chp twdc; chflng minh dudng thang luon diqua mpt die'm cd'djnh hay chijng minh cac dudng thing dong quy, 3.3 Hinh NL luang truac nhiing kho khan, sai lam cua HS qua trinh linh hgi kien thiic vagiai toan Trong DHTDA, mdi SV deu coed hpi dudp the'hien nhung NLkhae cua ban than Khi lap de cuong cho du an, SV can phac hpa nhung dflkiai, ke hpach hanh dpng, ludngtruoc nhung khdkhan cdthegap phai qua trinhth UP hien du an Hpat dpng thao luan nhom, thap luan tpan Idp tap dieu kien eho SV giai dap vudng m j c , thaiy duoc sai lam eua ban vacua ban than giai toan, hinh Ihanh thciquen tfl duy, suy nghT thau dap venhflng van de phuc tap 3.4 Hinh NL tdchiic haat ddng nhan thiic, thiet keva thuc hien bai soan irong day hgc mdn Toanatruangphdthdng.BefiMh\en!l\i an hpc tap, SV can thfle hien cdketquaeac hoatdpng hpc tap sau: xay dflng ke hoaeh hpc tap, hpc li thuyet tren Idp,thap luan nhpm,seminar,tuhpc-tflnghien cflu, thflc hanh, thue tap day co su eong tac va phan cdng cong viec giOa cac vien nhdm Cac vien nhdm tuong tac vdi de Cling Ihuc hi&n nhiem vu hpc lap Khi tham gia duan hpotap,SV can Ip'chflceae hpatddng nhan thflc, hop lae va tiep thu, hoan thien tnthue, kTnang, kTxao can Ihiet, hpp tac lam viec v a c d su phan cong cdng viee giua cac vien nhdm Viee tuto'ehflc cac hoat dpng nhan thflc giup SV tiinh NL tp* ehflc hpat dpng nhan thfle, thiet ke va thuc hien bai span trpng day hpc mon Toan dtrfldng php Ihong ViduiBelhm hien d u an: 'Phep dang aitrong khdng gian Ociif, sau phan niidm hpc lap, mdi nhdm can lap ke hoaeh so bp, gom: xay dung npi dung eua d u a n , kelipaeh thuc hien (each thflc Id' chfle nhcm, lap sd dd nhiem vy, sfl phan cdng eong viee cho cac vien eiia nhdm, ), thdi gian hoan Ihanh Iflng nhiem vy cy the Ca nhan hoae nhdm SV chju trach nhiem mpt (hoac mptso) nhiem vu;lfldd, lap so nhiem vy (duoc the'hien qua bang phan eong va theo doi viec thuc hien nhiem vy eiia tflng ca nhan nhdm) GV xem xet ke hoach thuc hien duan thflc tap cua cac nhdm vaddng gop y kiln nham dam bap tinh kha Ihi eua dfl an Bang phin cdng va theo dot viec Ihitchien nhiem vu (ggiy): 'vu'" Nhiem Nhi«in NMem VU12 Nhiem vu? «U21 NNIni V1I2 mm inj23 NQi dung PMn bai cic phep ThD) gian lUnfuJu cac nhefi biin hinh d i trac Ironfl ChUdng lunh insng (dlnhnglda linh chii, itebieuihitciDadJ) 2nDay Aidi>adaiiga[[ilnli il|^,tMichil.blfu IWc toa dfii m n h » t cac phip djngctrtioiigf Pn9ntaaicicpMp ding cu tmng f Tim hi£u c jc ptrip biin chi/dng Innh phd thing (iKnhngKa.Uihc'dt, UpbiejlhdciDadO) Anh K) ding cLi (dinh ncfh[a,lliihchSt,hl$ii Phin Idal cac phip ding cu Mng f Phimng phap lien hanh IRdn Qoc tai li«u, long hi;p Kl^n Ihilc D M lai heu, tong hop "•" - ihvchign LeinlA BuiMnB I f Anh Nguyfn Tu Qoc til lieu, tdng hop HoSntLS Hin Ihuc, li£nh$ vdl Utn D6VanD thuc Man phd Mng >tuan Jngiy Nfit/di Ihichien Nhom 1+2 Nhom 3-^4 Qoc tai Via, long hdp Minlhlc Qoc tdi Hlu, idne IMP IdCn thitc LeHoa leHanh Nguyin Tmng Hi£u Doc tai ieu, tdng hop ki^nthUc Tiin DOng Mdlicktiuung help dac UAnh biet