JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Interdisciplinary Sci , 2014, Vol 59 No I, pp 90 97 VAN DUNG TIEP CAN TIM TOI KHAM PHA KHOA HOC TRONG DAY HOC SINH HOC Tran Khanh Ngoc Khoa Sinh, trudng Dai hoc Supham Hd N([.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Interdisciplinary Sci., 2014, Vol 59 No I, pp 90-97 VAN DUNG TIEP CAN TIM TOI - KHAM PHA KHOA HOC TRONG DAY HOC SINH HOC Tran Khanh Ngoc Khoa Sinh, trudng Dai hoc Supham Hd N()i Tom tat Bai bao ban luan vl viec vSn dung each tilp can tim tdi - khara pha khoa hpc day hpc cac mon khoa hoc noi chung, mdn Sinh hpc ndi rieng - mpl nhiJng each day hoc hieu qua dang ihu hul dUdc sU quan tam cua nhieu nha giao due Thong qua phan lich mot vi du mon Sinh hpc, bai bao nhan manh cac dac irUng cua each day hoc la hpc smh dUdc iham gia vao qua Irinh nghien cflu va hpc each suy nghl nhu mot nha khoa hoc: xac dinh cau hoi va van dl cln nghien cflu thill kl va IhiJc hien cac nghien cflu khoa hoc sfl dung cong nghe va toan hpc de giai ihich du lieu, xay dung va xem xel cac gia Ihuyll, nhan biel va phan lich cac gia thuyll thay thi, tranh luan va bao ve cac luan cfl khoa hoc Theo each hpc sinh khdng nhflng co duoc nhflng hieu biet sau sac, ma dUpc ren luyen va phai tnen nang life tu nhu mot nha khoa hoc, phal trien nang lUc giai quyll van de, ki nang giao liep va cong lac vdi ngudi khac Dd la nhflng ki nang va nang lUc ma giao due cln trang bi cho ngudi hpc de cd the cd rapt cuoc song ihanh cong uong the ki XXI Tit khoa: Tim loi - kham pha khoa hpc, day hoc kham pha day hoc ,sinh hoc Mcf dau Viec giang day cac mdn khoa hpc ndi chung, mdn Sinh hpc ndi rieng theo each day truyen thdng (chi tap trung day cac sU kien khoa hoc nhU nhflng su kien rieng le bit bien, khdng quan tam din viec day cho hpc sinh (HS) each hoc, each thflc cac nha khoa hoe da tim cac sU kien do) da tao nen mdt anh hudng khdng tdt din thai dp cua HS ve cac mdn khoa hoc, rang khoa hpc chUa dflng nhflng su that khdng thay thi dfldc va khdng lien quan din cupc sdng that Dilu dan din viec sau trUdng, rlt nhilu HS se cam thay lung tflng va nghi ngd nhflng kiln thflc ma ho dfldc hpc trudng din din lac hau va bi thay thi bdi nhflng kham pha mdi Ngaynhanbai 1.V6/2013 Ngay nhan dang 15/12/2013 Lien he: Tran Khanh Ngoc, e-niail: ngoctungaI@gmail.com Van dung li^p cdn tim tdi - khdm phd khoa hoc mmg day hoc sinh hoc Bai bao ban luan ve each tiep can tim tdi - kham pha uong day hoc, mot each day mang din cho HS cd hdi de trai nghiem dfldng tim kiln ihflc hoe each tim kilm cac du kien, giai thich va rut kit luan tfl cac dfl kien dd Thdng qua each day HS cung hpc dupc rang nhflng kiln thflc hien tai cd the bi thay ddi nhung khdng cd nghia cac kiln thflc dd la sai, bdi nd dupc tao tfl nhflng khai niem va cac dfl lieu dflpc kiem chflng tot nhlt vdi trang thilt bi ma ta cd thdi diem hien tai, Trong tUdng lai, su Uiay doi cua cac kiln thflc dd cho ta bilt rang ta da tien bd hdn va da nhan thflc nhilu hdn vl the gidi so vdi hdm qua 2.1 Noi dung nghien cuu Khai niem ve tim toi - kham pha khoa hoc Theo dinh nghia cua IIpi ddng nghien cflu quoc gia Hoa Ki "Tim idi - kham pha khoa hoc dl cap din cac each thflc khac irong dd cac nha khoa hpc nghien cflu the gidi tu nhien va dl xuat cac giai thich dua tren nhflng bang chflng thu dUdc tfl cac nghien cflu cua hp" [3] Hieu bilt klioa hoc khong chi ddn thuan la biet va nhac lai cac sfl kien Theo nha sinh hpc John A.Moore (1993), khoa hpc la each ihUc de hieu biet Khoa hpc khdng chi la viec thu thap cac sfl kien rieng le, ma hon the dd la mdt qua irinh dd cac nha khoa hpc nhan thflc vl the gidi va giai quylt cac vln dl [2J Khoa hpc la dfldng mang lai hieu bill bang each tich luy dfl Ucu tfl cac quan sat va ihuc nghiem, tao nen cac kit luan dfla tren nhflng bang chflng thflc te va co gang de giai thich thi gidi thdng qua cac bang chflng dd, Cac nha kJioa hpc thfldng td chflc ihdng tin cac he ihdng khai niem cho phep hp tao moi lien he gifla cac khai niem chu chot Uo cung cd kha nang chuyen hda kiln Ihflc cfla minh ifl boi canh sang bdi canh khac Cac he thdng khai niem anh hudng den each thflc ma cac nha khoa hpc nhan Ihflc va lUdng tac vdi thi gidi Chung ciing giflp ho md rdng hieu qua cua viec tim tdi - kham pha khoa hoc Tim tdi - kham pha cd moi quan he mat thill va la mdt id quan irpng lao nen hoat ddng hpc tap chu dpng, tich cue cfla ngudi Cung theo I Idi dong nghien cflu qudc gia Hoa Kr "Trong hoc lap, tim toi - kham pha de cap din cac hoat dpng cua ngUdi hoc dd ho phat trien kiln thflc va hieu bill vl cac vln dl khoa hoc, cung nhU hieu biet ve each thflc ma cac nha khoa hoc nghien cflu the gidi tfl nhien" [3] 2.2 Cac dac triTng cO ban cua viec hoc tap Trong tac pham Con ngUdi Iwc tap nhu the nao' (How People Learn, 1999), Bransford va cdng su da nghien cflu, tdng kit rlt nhilu cac li thuyll hoc tap va rut mot sd dac trflng sau day vl each ihflc hoc tap cua ngudi ndi chung va cua HS ndi rieng 11 ]• - IIS xay dflng kiln Ihflc va hieu bill mdi dfla tren kiln thflc va nilm tin vdn cd ciia hp Kiln thflc va nilm tin ma mdi IIS mang din ldp se anh hfldng din each ihUc va hicu Tran Khanh Ngoc qua hpc tap cfla hp Neu cac kiln thflc dd phu hdp vdi cac kiln thflc khoa hpc, no sc tao thuan Idi cho hp cd the hpc va phat trien cac vln de sau sac hdn Nhflng nlu chung mau thuln vdi cac kiln thflc khoa hoc, se tfldng ddi khd khan de thay ddi cac suy nghi cua hp Chi ddn gian ndi cho HS biet cau tra Idi dflng la khdng du de thay doi each thflc ma hp tU duy, - HS xay dUng kiln thflc mdi bang each thay ddi va chinh sfla nhflng dilu hp da bilt va bang each them cac khai niem mdi vao he thdng khai niem da cd Cd hai dieu cln xay HS thay ddi he thdng khai mem cfla minh Dau tien, ho can nhan rang hieu biet hien tai cua hp la khdng phu hdp hoac sai lam, Dilu xay hp khdng the giai thich mot each thda dang cho mdt sfl kien hoac mdt dieu quan sat dudc Tiep dd, ho can nhan mdt each giai thich thay the thda dang hdn va each ho cd the hieu va chap nhan dUdc - Viec hpc tap can diln bdi canh xa hot, HS tUdng tac vdi nhflng ngfldi khac HS khdng tao nen hieu biet mot each dpc lap Hp kiem tra va chinh sfla each suy nghi cua minh thdng qua tfldng tac vdi nhflng ngfldi khac Ddn gian nhU viee trinh bay mdt each ro rang y tudng cfla minh cho ngfldi khac nghe cung cd the giup HS nhan kiln thflc nao ma hp da nam chac, kiln thflc nao hp cdn thilu va can bd sung TUdng tfl, iang nghe ngudi khac, HS cung cd the tilp thu dfldc nhflng y tudng mdi, lam sinh cac cau hdi nghien cflu cho rieng hp - Viec hpc tap hieu qua ddi hoi HS cln cd kha nang kiem soat qua trinh hpc tap cua chinh minh, Dieu cd nghia la ho cln nhan thflc dUdc vl qua trinh hpc tap cua minh, cd the phan tich va thay ddi cln thiet Vi du nhU hpc khoa hpc, HS cln cd kha nang nhan nao nhflng hieu biet cfla ho mau thuln vdi cac bang chflng Hp cln cd kha nang xac dinh loai bang chflng nao phu hdp de kiem tra cac gia thuyet dfldc de xult, tfl dd cd the thay doi nilm tin cfla ho theo each thflc phu hdp vdi cac bang chflng dd Khac vdi each day hoc truyin thong chi nhlm trang bi cho HS cac kiln thflc va sfl kien, day hpc van dung each tilp can tim tdi - kham pha khoa hoc cung d p cho HS cd hpi de trai nghiem cac hien tfldng va qua trinh khoa hpc Nd tao dilu kien cho HS bdc 16 nhflng quan niem sai llm von cd cua hp, khuyin khich hp trao ddi, thao luan vdi de de xult cac gia thuylt, thu thap thdng tin tim kilm blng chflng, xay dflng cac kl hoach hanh ddng nhlm kiem chflng cac gia thuylt ban dau, tfl dd tim cac kit luan mang tinh khoa hoc Thdng qua cac hoat ddng dd, HS cd the lu dilu chinh va thay ddi cac quan niem trudc ciia minh de tilp nhan kiln thflc mdi, dong thdi, HS cung cd cd hdi de phat trien tu phe phan, ren luyen nang Iflc giai quylt van dl va rat nhilu cac ki nang khac cln thill cho mot cudc sdng dpc lap sau 2.3 Cac dac trUng cua day hoc kham pha PhUdng phap day hoc van dung each tilp can tim tdi - kham pha khoa hoc (sau day vilt ngan gpn la day hpc kham pha - DHKP) cd mdt so dac trUng sau day HS dupc thu hflt bdi cac cau hoi dinh hfldng khoa hpc Vdn dung ttSp can urn idi - khdm phd khoa hoc irons day hoc sinh hoc Trong nghien cflu khoa hpc, cac nha khoa hoc thudng dat hai loai cau hdi chii ylu Loai cau hdi thfl nhlt hdi ve nhflng dilu ton tai sin thudng dUdc md dlu bang tfl "tai sao" vi du: Tai d cac vung dn ddi cay thudng rung la vao mua ddng'' Tai chung ta ngu? Tai tim cd the boat ddng suot ddi'^ Loai cau hdi thfl hai hoi vl each thflc hinh nhflng dilu dd, thfldng sfl dung tfl ''nhfl the nao" vi du' Tram tich dupc tao nhu the nao? Cdn trung hd hip nhu thi nao? Qua trinh tieu hda cua chflng ta dien nhfl thi nao? Cac cau hdi loai hai thudng de tim dUdc cau tra Idi hdn cac cau hoi loai mot Trong DHKP, GV ddng vai trd quan trpng viec dinh hudng cho HS tim kilm cau tra Idi cho cac cau hdi nhu vay Ddi khi, de ddn gian va phfl hpp vdi mflc dp nhan thflc cfla HS, GV cung cd the chuyen tfl mpl cau hdi "tai sao" mdt cau hdi 'nhu the nao" HS liln hanh tim kilm, thu thap cac bang chflng va sfl dung chung de xay dflng va danh gia cac each giai thich cho cau hdi dmh hfldng khoa hoc da dfldc dai ban dlu Cac nha khoa hpc ihu thap cac bang chflng nhu nhflng dfl lieu khoa hoc blng each ghl lai nhflng quan sat va thuc hien cae ludng Cac dfl heu chinh xac cd the dupc kiem tra bang each lap lai cac quan sat hoac thflc hien cac ludng mdi Trong ldp hoc HS sfl dung cac dfl lieu de tao cac giai thich cho cac hien tupng klioa hoc Cac each giai thich khoa hoc cln phai phu hpp vdi cac blng chUng dang cd va mang din cho I IS nhflng hieu bilt mdi HS cdng bd kit qua, kiem chflng va danh gia each giai thich cfla ho bang each ddi chieu nd vdi each giai thich cfla ban be va vdi cac kiln thflc khoa hpc Kham pha khoa hoc khac vdi cac dang kham pha khac d chd cac giai thich dfldc dc xult cd the dupc xem xet lai, tham chi cd the bi loai bd dudi anh sang cua nhflng phat hien mdi Cac nha khoa hpc cln phai cdng bo nghien cflu cua minh nidi each Irung thuc va chi tilt dfl de nhflng nha khoa hoc khac cd the tai tao lai cac nghien cflu dd neu can ihict TUdng tfl nhfl vay, IIS se thu dfldc nhieu Idi ich ho chia se va so sanh kit qua ciia minh vdi cac ban ldp, thdng qua dd, tao cd hdi cho ho dat cac cau hoi kicm tra cac bang chflng, xac dinh cac lap luan sai llm, xem xet cac giiii phap thay the Hp cflng cd the nhan ihflc dupc ket qua cua hp cd quan he vdi cac kien thflc khoa hoc hien tai nhfl the nao DHKP khong phai la mdi chudi cac boat dpng theo quy Irinh cflng nhac ma cd the dUdc thay doi va sfl dung linh hoat phu thudc vao mflc dp nhan ihflc va nang luc cua HS Trong bai hpc cd ihe thay day du cac dac trung ciia DI IKP, nhung irong bai hoc khac, chi mdt vai dac trung dupc the hien rd Can cfl vao mflc dd chu ddng cua HS irong qua irinh hoc lap, cd the phan chia va van hanh DHKP theo cac bfldc va cac mflc dd sau day: Cac birdc van hanh DIIKP Cac mflc cua DHKP I Mflc Tran Khanh Ngoc HS lam rd hdn cau hdi dUdc cung d p bdi GV hoac cac ngudn tai lieu khac HS dfldc cung d p cac dfl lieu va dfldc yeu clu phan tich HS dfldc cung cap mot sd each thflc sfl dung cac bang chflng de tao cac giai thich Cau hdi dmh hudng khoa hoc HS dfldc GV cung cap san cac cau hdi dinh hfldng Tim kiem cac bang chflng can thilt de Ira Idi cho cau hdi HS dfldc cung cap cac dfl lieu va hudng dan each phan tich Tao cac giai thich tfl cac bang chflng thu thap dudc HS dflpc cung cap cac giai thich Ddi chilu, kit ndi cac giai thich vdi kiln thflc khoa hoc HS dUdc cung cap cac kien thflc khoa hpc cd lien quan din cac giai thich HS dfldc dan tdi ngudn thflc khoa Cdng bo kit qua, chia se, danh gia cac giai thich HS dude chi dan tflng bfldc quy trinh cdng bo kit qua va danh gia cac giai thich HS dflpc trd giup d mdt so bfldc quy trinh cdng bd ket qua va danh gia cac giai thich chi cac kien hpc HS lua chpn so cac cau hdi CO san, HS tu dat tfl dd cung cd cac cau hdi thi d l xuat cau hoi mdi HS dfldc HS xac dinh hfldng din de dfldc cac blng thu thap cac chflng phu hdp cln thu thap dfl lieu HS dUdc hudng dan de tdng hdp cac bang chflng va tao cac giai thich HS tao nen cac giai thich sau nghien cflu, tdng hdp cac bang chflng HS dupc hfldng din each thflc kiem tra cac ngudn tai lieu khac va tao kit ndi gifla chflng vdi cac giai thich HS dpc lap kiem tra cac ngudn tai lieu khac va tao kit ndi gifla chflng vdi cac giai thich lis "dupc hfldng dan qua trinh tao nhung lap luan logic, khoa hpc de cdng bo kit qua va danh gia cac giai thich HS tao nhflng lap luan logic, khoa hpc de cdng bd kit qua va danh gia cac giai thich Van dung tiip can tim tdi - khdm phd khoa hpc day hoc smh hoc lA Van dung DHKP day hoc Sinh hoc Hieu biet ve lim tdi - kham pha khoa hoe la nhflng hieu biet ve each thflc cac nghien cflu khoa hpc dfldc thflc hien va chung da ddng gdp nhu the nao viec xay dung nen nhan thflc cua ngudi ve the gidi tU nhien Nlu cd dUdc nhflng hieu bilt dd IIS khdng chi vfldt qua dfldc cac bai kiem tra d trudng phd thdng ma dfldc chuan bj tdt hdn de phan tich va giai thich cac thdng tin, giai quyet cac van de suol cupc ddi ho, Sinh hpc la nganh khoa hpc tfl nhien nghien cflu vl su song vdi doi tupng la gidi tfl nhien hflu cd va nhieni vu nham tim hieu ban chat cac hien tUdng qua trinh the gidi sdng kham pha nhflng quy lual cua gidi hflu cd, lam cd sd cho loai ngUdi nhan thflc va dilu khien dfldc sfl phal trien cfla sinh vat Mdi bai hoc chUdng trinh Sinh hpc phd thdng khdng chi ham chfla cac kien thflc khoa hpc ma an phia sau dd la phUdng phap, each thflc ma cac nha khoa hpc da sfl dung de tim kiln thflc dd, Tuy nhien each day hoc cua GV hien phan Idn mdi chi tap trung lam rd cac kien thflc cua tflng bin hpc Iheo dudng nhac lai cac sir kien ma quen di mot ndi dung quan trpng la day de lis nhan thflc dfldc cac phfldng phap khoa hpc da dupc thuc hien nhfl the nao cung nhu dephal trien cac nang luc cao hdn dllS Vidu sau day vl van dung DHKP dc id chflc cho HS hoc bai 35 Nhflng dilu kicn cln cho hat mam (Sinh hoc ldp 6) khdng chi nham lam rd mot so dac irUng cua phUPng phap DHKP, ma thdng qua minh hpa cho vice day hoc hfldng idi phat irien d HS nhieu ki nang, cu the irong bai hoc la ki nang dat eac cau hdi cd the kiem chflng dflpc (dai cau hdi dinh hfldng khoa hoc), ki nang xay dflng cac giai thich ki nang van dung nhflng dilu da hpc vao nhflng tinh hudng lUdng lu hoac linh hudng mdi Md dlu bai hpc GV neu tinh hudng va hudng din ilS Ihao luan cac cau hdi dUa tren linh hudng dd nhu sau: Ttnh hudng xuat phdi: Mdt nha nghien cflu mudn lim hieu cac dicu kien ma hat cd the mIm lol nhil Ong chpn mot so hai dau den co chit lUdng tdt va dat inol sd lUdng nhu cac hat vao hai dia petri cd kit bdng am Sau dd, dng dai mdt dia phdng cd anh sang va dia cdn lai dai irong phdng loi, Ca hai phong deu cd nhiel dd, dp am va dp ihoang nhU Klii kic'm tra lai sau ba dng thly lai ca cac hai d ca hai dia dlu da mIm Cdc cdu hdi vd tien trinh GV ciing HS lan lupi ihdo luan: Em cd the giai thich kei qua thi nghiem nhu the nao? (Nha nghien cflu da Ihilt kl thi nghiem de kiem ira anh hudng cua nhan td anh sang den sfl mini cua hat Tuy nhien mdt so HS cd the phal bieu rang Ihi nghiem dd cho thay dd am cln thilt cho sfl mIm (dfla tren dfl kien cac dia pctri dfldc lot bdng am) Mdl sd khac cho rang nhiet dd am ap la can thill Cung cd nhflng IIS neu dfldc mdt viii y tfldng lien quan den anh sang GV nen de IIS thao luan \ l cac y ifldng dd dac biel luu y vdi HS \e sfl gidng va khac gifla cac dfl kien vl dd am nhiel dd va anh sang irong Ihi nghiem dd Tfl dd dat va hudng dan IIS thao luan cau hdi 2) 95 Tran Khanh Ngpc Nhan to nao mdi trudng xung quanh hai dia hat la khac rd ret nhat? Cau hdi nao da dinh hUdng cho nha nghien cflu thiet ke thi nghiem dd? Theo em cau hdi dd da tdt chua? Tai sao? Nlu cd the vilt lai, em se dat cau hdi nhu thi nao va se lam gi dc tra Idi cho cau hdi dd"^ (HS cd the nhan thly nhan td khac biet thi nghiem la anh sang, va dUdi sfl gdi y cua GV, HS hieu dfldc rang nha nghien cflu thilt kl thi nghiem de kiem tra sfl cln Ihilt cua anh sang ddi vdi sfl mIm cua hat dau den Tuy nhien, cau hoi dinh hfldng ma nha nghien cflu dat ban dlu la: "Trong nhflng dilu kien nao thi hat mam tdt nhlt?" Cau hdi kha chung chung va de tra Idi nd thi cd the thilt ke nhieu thi nghiem vl cac nhan td khac nfla chfl khdng chi co anh sang Do vay, de phu hpp hdn vdi thi nghiem nay, nen dai cau hdi: "Hat se mIm tdt hdn cd hay khdng cd anh sang?" Cau hdi se chi rd la can thilt ke thi nghiem va thu thap cac dfl lieu nao De tra Idi cau hdi nay, can phai so sanh su mam cua hat d cac dia dUdc dat bdng toi va dilu kien cd ang sang, tfl rflt kit luan Thdng qua qua trinh thao luan, HS cung nhan thflc dUdc rang de kiem tra anh hUdng ciia moi nhan td nao dd, cln bd tri thi nghiem cho cac nhan to khac la gidng nhau, chi khac vl nhan td d n kiem tra Ben canh dd viec dat cau hdi dinh hudng nghien cflu ban dau cflng rlt quan irong Cau hdi cang rd rang Ihi viec Ihilt ke thi nghiem, thu thap bang chflng va rut kit luan cang hieu qua.) Dua iren cau hdi ma em da dat ra, hay xem xet lai kit qua cua thi nghiem tren Hm cd the rut ket luan gi tfl kit qua do'' (HS CO the rut kit luan rang: Cac bang chflng (ket qua thi nghiem) cho thly anh sang khdng d n thilt cho sfl mam cua hat dau den (va vdi nhilu loai hat khac) Tuy nhien, GV cung nen luu y vdi HS la ddi vdi mdt sd loai hat, vi du nhfl vdi mdt vai gidng hanh thi anh sang lai cd the flc chl su mam cua chung.) Din thdi diem GV co the dat them cac cau hdi de giflp HS cd the van dung cac kiln Ihflc vfla hpc de giai quylt cac tinh hudng tUdng tU hoac cac tinh hudng mdi nhU 4- Mac du anh sang khong can thilt cho su mIm cua hat dau den nhUng lieu lieu lUdng chilu sang khac cd lam nhanh hay cham qua trinh mam dd khdng? Cd the thilt kl thi nghiem va cln thu thap cac bang chflng nao de tra Idi cho cau hoi dd? (Cd the sfl dung thi nghiem nhu cu va tiln hanh dim sd lUdng hat mam mdi d dia dUdc chilu sang va dia bdng tdi Cflng cd the thilt kl them thi nghiem vdi cac cfldng dp chilu sang khac ) Hay dat cau hdi dinh hudng va thilt kl thi nghiem de kiem tra anh hudng cua cac nhan id khac (nhiei dd, dd am, dp thoang ) din su mam cua hat Thuc hien thi nghiem va bao cao kit qua sau mdt tuln Cd the thay, vdi vice van dung lim idi - kham pha day hpc, HS khdng nhflng cd the hieu bill mdt each sau sac kiln thflc cfla bai hoc, ma cdn dUdc tham gia vao qua irinh nghien cflu va hpc each suy nghi nhfl mdt nha klioa hoc: phan tich su phfl hdp cfla Van dung tiep cdn tim tdi - khdm phd khoa hoc day hoc sinh hoc cau hdi dinh hUdng, lim kilm, thu thap dfl lieu va cac bang chflng cln thilt, xay dflng cac giai thich, tao kit ndi gifla cac giai thich cfla hp vdi kiln thflc khoa hpc HS cflng cd cd hpi de trao ddi, tranh luan bilt each lap luan de bao ve y kiln cua minh cung nhfl bill each Iang nghe va hpc hdi tfl ban be Dd la nhflng ki nang ma giao due cln trang bi cho ngfldi hoc de cd the cd mdt cuoc sdng cdng thi ki 21 Ket luan DHKP la phfldng phap van dung each tilp can tim tdi - kham pha khoa hpc de mang lai cho HS nhflng cd hpi dupc trai nghiem cac hien tUdng va qua trinh khoa hpc de khdng chi hoc dUdc kiln thflc ma cdn hpc dupc each suy nghi va hanh ddng nhu mdt nha khoa hoc viec nhan thflc vl the gidi tU nhien Thdng qua qua trinh kham pha HS cung cd cd hdi dUdc phal tnen cac ki nang tu phe phan, ren luyen nang luc giai quyet vln dc, phat trien cac ki nang giao tilp hieu qua va nhilu ki nang d n thilt khac, Trong day hpc, GV can van dung DHKP mpl each linh hoat, phu hdp vdi nhan thflc va nang luc cua HS de cd the phat buy dUdc tdi da nhflng hieu qua ma phUdng phap cd the dem lai cho ca ngudi day va ngUdi hoc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO | | Branslbrd, J., A L, Brown, and R R Cocking 1999 How people learn: Brain, mind, experience and school Washington, DC' National Academy Press [2] Moore, i.A 1993 Science as a way of knowing: The foundaiions of modern biology Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press [3] National Research Council (NCR).1996 National Science Educalion Standards Washington, DC' National Academy Press [4] Nguyin Quang Vinh (Tdng chfl bien) Hoang Thi San (Chii bicn), Nguyin PhUdng Nga, Trinh Thi Bich Ngoc 2012 Smh hpc Nxb Giao due Viet Nam ABSTRACT Appying scientific inquiry approach in teaching biology This paper discusses the application of scientific inquiry approach in teaching science By analyzing one example of teaching Biology, this paper emphasizes the characteristics of inquiry-based instruction in which students can learn how to find knowledge as a scientist, such as' Indentify questions and concepts that guide scientific investigations: Design and conduct scientific investigations Use technology and mathematics to inierprei the data; Formulate and revise scientific explanations using logic and evidence; Recogni/e and analyze alternative explanations; Communicate and defend a scientific argument., In this way, they also can practice and improve their problem solving competency, communication and collaboration skills with others These are Ihe skills thai education should equip learners to be able to have a successful life in the 21 si century 97 ... kien Theo nha sinh hpc John A.Moore (1993), khoa hpc la each ihUc de hieu biet Khoa hpc khdng chi la viec thu thap cac sfl kien rieng le, ma hon the dd la mdt qua irinh dd cac nha khoa hpc nhan... hfldng khoa hpc Vdn dung ttSp can urn idi - khdm phd khoa hoc irons day hoc sinh hoc Trong nghien cflu khoa hpc, cac nha khoa hoc thudng dat hai loai cau hdi chii ylu Loai cau hdi thfl nhlt hdi... sfl phal trien cfla sinh vat Mdi bai hoc chUdng trinh Sinh hpc phd thdng khdng chi ham chfla cac kien thflc khoa hpc ma an phia sau dd la phUdng phap, each thflc ma cac nha khoa hpc da sfl dung