28 msr'''' ^ Wfimsmm^ Sir dung cac thf nghiem dcfn gian nham phat trien tif duy cho tre 5 6 tuoi qua hoat dpng kham pha l(hoa hpc ve moi trifcAig xung quanh 1 Thi nghi§m va sU phat triln tir duy cQa trS[.]
28 msr' ^ Wfimsmm^- Sir dung cac thf nghiem dcfn gian nham phat trien tif cho tre - tuoi qua hoat dpng kham pha l(hoa hpc ve moi trifcAig xung quanh ThS PHAM THJ YEN - CN PHAM THJ LAM TrUdng Dgi hpe Quang BM Thi nghi§m va sU phat triln tir cQa trS hoat d$ng kham pha l(hoa hgc ]i$ MTXQ Ngudi ta nhae den GDMN nhQ nhae den thdi kJ vang cda cudc ddi bdi nhdng ed sd can ban cda vide giao dye eon ngUdi dd dUpc hinh thdnh dudi ludi Day la giai dogn d l vun trdng nhQng ny hoa dau tien vl nhQng dieu dgy eho tre m i m non (MN) ehiem tdi hdn 85% tien trinh giao due tre NhQng ny hoa dau tien dUpe vun trdng ay ehfnh Id t h i chat, tlnh cam, tham my vd tQ (TD) eda tre D l ddnh gid v l mQc dd phdt tnen cda mdt dda tre khdng t h i khdng ddnh gia ve sy phat trien TD eda dQa tre dd bdi TD la ed sd giup cho ngUdi ed thai dp va hanh ddng hpp ly xd hdi vi vSy vi§e tim h i l u TD cua tre m i u giao (MG) Id rat can thilt Ddi vdi tre MG, vui chdi Id hoat ddng ehu dao nen eae thao tde TD dupe sd dyng rat ft nhung den giai dogn tudi danh dau budc ngoat ddi vdi tre, dd hogt dpng hge tap bat dau sinh va t i l n tdi giQ vi tri ehu dgo tre len ldp mdt (3 Idatudi nay, cde logi TD cua tre dUdc phal trien hdn vd ehuyen d i n sang logi TD phde tap hdn Cy the: Sy phat trien TD mgnh me ve kieu loai, thao tac va t h i l l lap nhanh ehdng cdc mdi quan he giQa eae sU kien, hien tupng, thdng tin giQa mdi vd cu, gan va xa Tre khdng nhdng b i l t sd dyng thao tdc phdn tich - tdng hpp md edn cd kha nang so sdnh minh vdi ngudl khae, cd the ITnh hdi cdc khai niem sd dang, ed cac lap ludn vd k i t luan ehfnh xac hdn; tre cd t h i lien hanh cae thao tac so sdnh nhQng diem khac va gidng cua mdt vdi ddi tugng, phdn nhdm ddi tUpng theo mpt hay vdi dau hieu rd net, Nhd vdy, kha nang phan dodn, phdn tich, tdng hyp nhdng dau higu ben ngoai cda sy vdt, hien tupng dupc tre Ihye hien tUdng ddi tdt d Ida tudi ndy, k i l u TD tryc quan hinh tUdng dupc phat trien mgnh me nhat Chlnh nhd vao sy phdt trien hodn chlnh eda TD trye quan hinh tupng, k i t hpp vdi sy xuat hidn kieu TD tryc quan sd dd, tre cd the khdm phj eae mdi lien he phde tgp ben sU vdt, hien tQdng.va giQa tre vdi MTXQ Hinh thQc TD mdi la bUdc dgm ill ehuyin iQ kieu TD trQe quan sd sang hinh thde TD cao hdn, dd la TD Idgie, Vi t h i , cl cudi tudi tre da cd nang sQ dyng thao tac phan dodn de khdm phd sy vSt, hidn tupng nhieu gdc dp khae Cudi giai dogn ni) TD cda tre ed sQ chuyen b i l n : TD tryc quan hinh ti/ijns phat trien manh - mam mdng cda TD logic, TD khoa ti^t Tre d IQa tudi rd't h i l u ky, cai gl cung mudn hiln mudn bilt, mudn trai nghiem vd khdng ngdng dat nhOnc edu hoi "vi sao?" the gidi xung quanh tre lgi qua rdng Idn, qua phong phu va day ap nhdng bi mat, diei cdng khpi day tre tlnh td md, khdm pha Trdn cUM tfnh hieu ky cua tre phat tnen manh hoan toan trdi ngilflc vdi kha nang chUa the ly giai dupe cda tre hoac tre khfinj dupe thda man ehUa nhdn dUpcldi giai thfch chfnhxi( td ngudi Idn, tre se dan mdt di sy hdng thu tim tdi, kham phd ban dau va bat dau xuat hign nhdng suy dodn luni tung, lech lac v l dac diem, thudc tlnh vd cdc mdi quanhf eua nhQng sy vat, hien tUpng xung quanh D l lam Ulii man cac nhu cau nhan thQc ve kham pha eda tre, ciinj nhu gidp tre phat trien TD thi can dupe tien hdnh thflnf qua hogt ddng ed mye dfeh, cd tUdng tde vdi mdi trUflnt xung quanh (MTXQ) Hogt dpng giup tre tim kiem de phdt hien cdi mdi edi an dau eda cupc sdng cd the dUpc l i l n hanh d f* nhieu ITnh vyc khdc trUdng MN, song choW kham pha khoa hpe (KPKH) ve MTXQ quanh chlnltii hoat ddng thich hpp nhat va thuc sy hap ddn Idm thi man nhu cau nhan thQc cda Ire, md cho t r i cdnh cCfaVi the gidi rdng Idn hdn V l n d l ddt la chdng ta phiti* dyng phUdng phap ndo cd hieu qua nhat cho sQ phdlirp TD cua tre hogt dpng KPKH v l MTXQ? Thf nghiem (TN) la viee td chdc cho t r i hanh dpng* ddng vdo ddi tUpng, lam thay ddi ddi tugng nham W ^ô9ô!?^i 'j&irna 29 ,:'i.;ii0SiH?- nghlĐm mdt tinh c h i t ndo dd cda sy vat hoac tao dUng Igi m$t hign tugng ed IQ nhien Bdng eae TN ddn gidn, trS cd the xac Igp nguyen nhdn eda sQ vdt, hien tupng, khdm phd dupc sy bien ddi cda thien nhien va mdi quan he phy thudc eda nd nham ly giai nhQng thac mac vd duyc trdi nghiem cudc sdng Chfnh sy thich thQ vd dam me kham pha se gidp tre phat trien lanh manh hdn v l the ehat; nudi dudng tinh yeu thien nhien, tinh yeu cudc sdng, Idng nhan dl vd kha nang tim hieu v l MTXQ cua tre Trong qua trinh thyc hidn TN, tre ed ed hdi dUde t i l n hdnh vd the hidn cdc thao tde TD nhu so sanh, phdn tfch, tdng hyp Vi vdy, TD cda tre dQpc ren luyen vd phdt triln, NhQng kiln thQc dPn gian ve dge d i l m , ti'nh ehat, eac mdi quan hd, sy phat trien cda sy vdt, hien tupng thien nhien Vd xa hdi tudng chdng nhU xa vdi, trdu tupng, khd hieu thi thdng qua nhQng'TN ddn gian, d l lam, tre cd the ty trai nghiem, ty kham pha, ly giai, ehdng minh dQpc mdt cdeh d i dang bang cac TTTD (so sanh, phdn dodn, phdn tieh, tdng hpp) VI vay, cho tre thyc hien ede TN eung cd nghTa Id eung cap, lam chfnh xac hda tri thQe eho trd v l dac d i l m , linh chat, lam sang to mdi quan he va sy phy thude giQa cae su vat, hien tupng xung quanh tre Ben egnh dd sd dung eae TN se kieh thich dUpo d trd tlnh td md, khdm phd va tgo cd hdi cho trd suy nghT doe ldp d l tu minh tim Idi giai, thu thap, ITnh hdi In thQc, kmh nghiem, ky nang md khdng bi phy thudc Iheo sy dilu khiln cda GV Wdy;Vdl TN: "NhQng vdt bay vd khdng bay" ed ddt eae v§t khdc ldn bdn Cho tre quan sat vd phdn dodn xem vat ndo bay hoac vgt nao khdng bay md qugt hole thdi d l trd neu y kiln ca nhan va ly giai tgi sao, sau dd eho tre md qugt dien/ dung qugt giay vd qugt vdo cdc vdt vd quan sat xem vat nao bay, vdt ndo khdng bay, TUdng ty, ed cho tre de eae vat edn lai len bdn vd thdi vdo ede vdt, quan sdt xem vdt ndo bay vd vgt ndo khdng bay Cho trd ly gidi nhQng vdt ndo thQdng bay (nhQng vdt nhg nhU gid'y, bdng, vai Ihudng bay Cdn nhQng vdt lam td s i t , nhya, dd thi khdng bay dupe) Cho trd kiem tra lgi k i t ludn mpt lan nda bang each d l trd ty tim Idp hpc nhQng vat bay dUpe vd khdng bay duge, sau dd so sdnh sy khac gida cdc ddi tupng nghidn cQu Cudi cdng, cho ire dgt cde ddi tupng dd trude gl6 d l kilm tra k i t qua nhdm gidp trd ghi nhd Idu hPn, sdu sdc hPn Td chdc Idm edc TN ddn gidn la mgt hinh thQc tao tlnh hudng nhdn thQc, gidp tre dupe trai nghigm tryc l i l p Ddy chlnh Id ed hdi trd dupe sd dyng mgi gidc quan d l tim hilu, khdm phd thd nghigm vdi ddi tupng W d y ; T N : "Nude vd vi thay ddi nhu thd ndo", ed eho trd quan sdt cdc c i c nUde, n l m / udng, ngdi, nUde de nh4n ddc d i l m cua nQdc: Khdng mau, khdng mdi, khdng v], Trd ndu nhgn xdt cda minh ve d^ic diem eda nude Hdi trd: D i l u gl sd xdy n l u eho mdt thia dUdng/ thia mudi vdo ede nUdc ndy? Trd phdng dodn, neu y k i l n vi sau dd trdi nghl|m Igi ( n l m ngdi, quan sdt ), Neu ket lu$n cudi cung sau da trdi nghidm Hdi t i l p ire: D i l u gt s l xdy n l u cho thia dUdng/ mudi vdo ede nude ndy Trd phdng dodn ndu y kiln vd sau dd trdi nghidm lai (nlm, ngdi, quan sat ) Neu k i t ludn cudi cung sau da trai nghiem Cudi edng cd va tre eung nhdn xet, tdng hpp Igi: Nudc la mdt chat long khdng mdu, khdng mui, khdng vj, khdng cd hinh dgng nhat djnh; Nude cd the thay ddi mui, mau, vj neu eho dUdng, mudi, nude cam Sd dung cac TN hogt ddng KPKH v l MTXQ giup tre hieu dUpc d l dang cde sy viee, hien tUdng phde tap, tgo nilm tin cd cd sd khoa hpc eho tre vdo k i l n thde mdi, kich thfch vd gay hdng thu hpe tdp cho tre D i l u quan trpng nhat, TN cdn giup tre phdt t r i l n cac TTTD nhU: Quan sat, so sanh, phan dodn, phdn tich, long hpp de rdt ket luan v l van de tim hilu, Ddng thdi cung gdp phan ren luyen ky nang thyc hanh, van dyng kiln thdo cua Ire vao cudc sdng mdt each linh hogl; Gidp Ire hieu dupc mdi quan he nhan qua cua eae sQ vgt, hign tUpng xung quanh, gdp phan giao dye xuc cam, tlnh cam nhan thde cho tre NhQng TN ddn gian cd t h i dUpe td chQc rdng rai d cdc hogl ddng hang eua Ire nhQ: Hogt ddng hpc cd chd dfch, hoat ddng ngodi trdi, hogt dpng gde (gdc hpe tap, gde thien nhien, gde xay dpng) dd, hoat ddng KPKH v l MTXQ Id hogt ddng phu hpp nhlt d l t i l n hdnh edc TN cho tre Thdng qua viee GV td chdc cho tre lam cde TN, trd se phdt triln dcquan sat, kha nSng phan doan, kha nang so sdnh, phan tich vd tdng hpp; Cac TN cdn kich thich d tre tfnh ham hilu b i l l ; tgo cd hdi cho tre dUpc trai nghigm, dupc thao tac, dupc ren luyen vd phal trien TD, td dd rut nhQng ket luan khoa hpe dung dan v l cac sy vat, hien lupng vd mdi quan hg giQa chung ty nhien vd xa hdi Ddng thdi, qua nhdng TN giao dye trd cd thai dd tfch eye ddi vdi cac thien nhien, cde dd vat Trong hoat ddng day hpe ndi chung va hoat ddng KPKH ve MTXQ ndi rieng, TN ludn thu hut dupc sy chd y cda tre bdi cac em rat Id md, thfch thu moi GV dUa cac dyng cy de tien hanh TN Do dd Ire se say md, hQng thu hpe tap Day eung la cd hpi tdt nhat de TD cda tre dan dUpe ren luyen vd phdt trien mdt each ldi da Mat khac, viec tiep xue vdi cae TN cd tac dyng gdp phan gido dye ky nang thye hanh, ky nang sdng, ky nang Idm vide theo nhdm eho Ire Cae nguyen vat lieu phye vy cho TN thudng la nhQng gl ed xung quanh, gan gui vdi cupc sdng sinh hogt hdng ngdy cda tre, TN dupc thye hien Irong mdt thdi gian n h l t dinh (Thdi gian thyc hien TN ddi hoac ngan tdy thupc vao nhiem vy ma TN dat ra), Phan lo^i thi nghigm Neu nhu d cap hpc THCS, THPT cac TN dUpc phdn loai dya tren nhQng tfnh chat eda sy vat, hien tUpng nhU: Ddi vdl tinh chat hda hoc ed thf nhiem hda hpe; ddi vdi tinh chat vat ly cd TN vat ly thi d bac hpc MN TN dUpe phdn nhdng logi sau: * Thi nghiem vd/fhyc vaf.-Ddi lUpng cua TN se Id thye vat nhu hgt, eay, r l , cac logi Id Logi TN ndy se tim hieu v l nhQng y l u td lidn quan den thye vdt nhU IhQc dn, mdi trudng sdng, qud trinh phat trien vd mdi quan hd cda thyc vdt TN thudng dupe thyc hi^n d l Ird ldi nhQng edu hdi; Hgt cd mdm thdnh cdy dQde khdng? Hat nay mam nhU the nao? Hgt ndo mam duyc, hgt nao khdng mam dUde? Hoa cd hut nUdc khdng? VI hoa heo? Vi hoa tUdi? Canh cay, la cay cd mam khdng? Cay ed can nQdc, khdng khi, anh sdng hay khdng? Cay cd sdng dUpc d trdn egn, dQdl nUde khdng? ' TN vdi dpng vat: Ddi tUdng eda TN se la nhQng loai ddng vdt, bao gdm ddng vdt sdng dudi nUde, ddng vat sdng tren cgn va ddng vgt sdng tren trdi Logi TN eung se tim hieu ve eac yeu td nhU thde an, mdi trUdng sdng, thdi quen sinh hoat, qud trinh sinh san, sinh trudngTN dUde thyc hien d l tra Idi hoae giai thfch nhdng eau hdi nhU: Con ndy thfch an gl nhat? Con ndy phan dng vdl am thanh, anh sang nhu t h i nao? Con dung gl de bay, bdi, chgy'' Con ndy sinh va ldn len nhQ the ndo? Con cd sdng dupe tren egn, dUdl nude khdng? Cae vat cd can thQe an, nUde udng, khdng khf khong? Tuy nhien, sd dyng ddng vat d l t i l n hanh eac TN thi rat khd de kilm sodt d i l n b i l n cd t h i xay ra, nhilu la gay nguy hiem den ban thdn tre hoae TN se ldm anh hudng xau den ddi tupng dUpc lya chpn, lien quan den van de dao dQc Do dd, TN ndy thudng ft dQpc sd dung Trong bai khda ludn nay, ehung tdi cung se khdng dUa eae TN lien quan d i n ddng vat 'TNvdido vaf.'Ddi IQdng cda TNse Id eac dd vat: Dd vat lam bang kim loai, dd vdt Idm bang thdy linh, sd Loai TN se lim hieu ve eac dae diem cua dd vdt nhU kfch thudc, mdu sac, hinh dang, chat lieu,,, TN dupe thUe hien de tra ldi eae edu hdi nhU: Vat nao ehim, vat nao ndi? Cae vgt chim nhU the ndo? Vat nao sudt? Vat nao dyng dupe nude? Vat ndo tgo gid? Giay vd vai cd gi khac nhau? v.v ' TN vdi cac nguydn vat lieu cCia thien nhiin vo sinh: Ddi tuyng eda TN se la nhdng gl lien quan d i n thien nhien vd sinh nhU NUde, dnh sang, gid, cat Cu the: Vdl nude (nUdc sudt, nUde chuyin mdu, chuyen mui, chuyen vi, nudc cd the hda tan, khdng hda tan cdc chat, nudc bdc hdi, nude ddng bang ); vdi khdng (khdng cd d khap ndi, khdng cd trpng lUpng, khdng can cho sQ chay; vdi gid (gid den td dau.); vdi dnh sang, vdi cde vdt chat khac cd d xung quanh Day la loai TN dupe xem Id phong phu nhat cac logi cdn lgi vl ddi tugng TN rat da dgng vdl nhieu dac diem, tinh chat khac Digu ki^n tie'n hanh thi nghidm - D l tgo hdng thd va nhu cau nhan thQe d tre, trUde td chdc TN, GV can neu Unh hudng cd van d l , IQ dd kich thich tre dua edc phdn doan (gia thuyel) cda minh GV cung nen khuyen khich tre eung vdi cd tgo tinh hudng quan sat bang each ehuan bi cac phQdng tien, dd dung day du de lam TN HUdng d i n tre tac dpng vdo ddi tupng de tgo tinh hudng quan sat Sau da tao Unh hudng, ed hudng ddn tre quan sat - Cd the phan tre theo hinh thde ca nhdn, tdng nhdm d l thyc hien TN hoac cho tre thyc hien TN theo ca Idp dya vdo myc dfch, npi dung cda TN; Khi GV bieu dien TN thi tdt ca tre d cae nhdm hoae ca Idp d i u dUpe xem vd xem d i l u kien thudn Ipi nhat; K i t qua TN phai cd sy thay ddi rd rang - Trong qua trinh td chdc TN, khdng dUde Idm ir* hudng xau hoac lam chet eac ddi tuyng, VI vdy xuil hien nhQng b i l n doi ro net tren ddi tUdng TN (Id hdivdi^ cay khdng tUdi_) can thay ddi d i l u kidn cda ddi tUiji^ ngay, - Vdi nhQng TN ddn gian, ngan gpn, cd gdi y choti tap trung ehu ^, quan sat, phat hien vd dl den k i t lu|n Vdl nhQng TN phde tap, phai tien hdnh IM gian ddi, cd nen chpn edc thdi d i l m thfch hpp de ohoiri quan sat Trong qua trinh quan sat ed the k i t hyp vA phUdng phap md hinh hda d l tre ghi nhan nhQng sU thaj ddi, phat trien hoac cac mdi lien he cda ddi tupng Cfivi tre cdng xay dQng sd dd, sau mdi l l n quan sat tre si dung k^ hieu (bilu tUpng) de dien vdo s d d d KhiTNfli ed ket qua rd net ed k i t thuc qua trinh quan sat, sauili cho tre dupe trinh bay k i t qua nghien''cdu cua minh d^d d i n ket ludn cudi edng, - Can ed gang tay vd khau trang hoac trang phuebio hd cho tre thQe hien nhQng TN lien quan d i n hda chfi hoac sy thay ddi nhiet dp d l dam bao an todn cho \Th] Quy trlnh tjg'n hanh thi nghidm De td ChQc dQde mot TN ehung ta can phai trai qua3 bUde: * Budc 1: Xac dinh mue dich TN: Khi td chQe TN cho tre can xae dinh mye dieh cda TN Myc dfeh eua TN c|n dUpcey the hda bang cac nhiem vy Nhiem vu doGVdit hoac GV giup tre ty xac dinh Nhidm vy phai rd rang, dUdc xac dinh theo trinh ty nhat djnh Viee giai quyii nhiem vy nhan thde ddi hdi sy tim tdi tfch eye: Phant(c^ ddi chieu cdi da b i l l vdi eai chUa biet, dUa k i t lugnvi nguyen nhan cua hien tupng, lya chpn bien phdp giai quyet * BUdc 2: Chuan bi cac dieu kiin TN: Can chuin ti d l y du cae d i l u kien TN nhU: Ddi tUging TN (logi dllf tupng phd hpp, sd lUpng ddi tupng); dia diem IdmTNvSi khoang khdng gian can thiet, thdi gian can thiet chovi^ td chQc TN; cac dung cy, tdi lieu can t h i l l khac lidn quot suy nghT trUdc each bd trf tre va sQ Iham gia vdo TN t&i tre itf Trong qua trinh xae djnh cae d i l u kien TN, GV ciB khuyen khich tre tham gia ban bgc va ehuan bj GV the t i l n hanh ddm thogi vdi tre ve viee xdc djnh dilu W TN; khuyen khfeh tre tham gia vao viee ehuan bj TN * Budc 3: Qua trinh tien hanh TN: TN cd t h i diln It thdi gian ngan hoac keo dai nhQ quan sdt, Nfi nhiem vu dupe giai quyet qua trlnh quan sdtthlviet thao luan k i t qua quan sateung dien sau dd-C se eung tre phan tich dieu kien tien hdnh TN, so sanhW qua vd rut k i t ludn Thdi diem cudi cuaTN la rdtrakS luan tren cp sd eac k i t luan da thu nhdn duyc GVci* kich thfch tre ddc lap rdt ket tuan Mfit sS* thi nghidm slJr dgng cho trS ho^t dOng kham pha khoa hgc vg MTXQ * Thi nghiem 1: Hpt mim nhU thi nao? ' Mye dich thf nghipm + Gidp tre b i l t dUpe qud trinh ndy mam cua hgtvS* phdt trien eda hgt eay + Phat t r i l n hdnh ddng dinh hudng cda tre thdng (l* SO8-2014 ie quan sdt su b i l n ehuyin cua hat TN + Phdt then kha nang phdn doan, quan sat va so nh d trd - D i l u ki^n thf nghiem Chuan bj: Cde loai hat ddu, edc loai hat khac (hat rau 1, rau xdldch, rau ngd ); Cde Ip nhya, Ip thuy tinh, ddt mg hode sQ, tro, d i t mjn, thQde ; Binh phun nudc, It chi, giay mong - Qda trlnh thf nghiem + Quan sdt vd chpn cdc logi hat yeu thieh Tim hieu ' v l cdc loai hat ma minh da chpn + Djnh hudng cho hanh ddng thUc nghiem - phdn dodn I cho trd thyc hidn theo hdnh ddng cua minh + Tgo nhdm thd nghiem vdi edc d i l u kien chuan (gieo tl ddt, ed nude tUdi mdi budi sdng, d l d ndi ed ih sang ) + Quan sdt sU ehuyen biln eda hat qua tQng dem, ng ngdy mpl + Cd t h i ddng thQde de vd so sdnh giQa edc Ip it mam vdi nhau, Yeu cau tre rdt k i t luan so sdnh I he thdng hda lat ca cae dilu kien tdt nhat de hat am + Cd t h i k i t hpp cac hoat ddng khdc edng vdi TN iQ: Hogt dpng tgo hinh, hogt ddng van ddng, sd dd hda Jd trinh ndy mam cda hat ' Thf nghiem 2: Ldm thd nao de nhln thay vat d jp? - Myc dich Ihl nghigm + GIQp trd hat triln cde TTTD + Nh4n b i l l dQpc nhd anh sang md ta ed t h i t h i y dUpe ic vat cudc sdng xung quanh chdng ta + K5' ndng sQ dyng ngudn dnh dng de sd dyng idc sdng + Cd y thde bdo vd mpi vat xung quanh, - Dilu kign thi nghiem Chuin bj: Met hdp carton to, nap cd the day kin Hai In hpp cd dye mpl vdi lo nho vd mdt Id to vda bdng mat ia ddn pin Dung giay bit kin eae ben eua hop vd ede Id 10 cho Irong hop tdi om (lde can ed the thdo dUpc}; dt ddn pin d l ehilu sdng; Mpt sd vdt nho d l ben ?p - Qud trinh thf nghidm + Cho trd lie vd nhin qua mdt lo nhd, doan xem ben 3ng hdp cd nhQng vat gi Hdi tre: "Con thay ben jp nhu t h i ndo nhln qua mpl Id nhd?, lam the ndo d l i t h i nhln thdy v^t d ben mpt hop tdi?" + Thdo mdt vdi Id nhd d l eho ehdt anh sang Ipt dQpc ko vd eho trd quan sdt vdt bdn hdp Cho tre ggi ten ic vat nd trd nhin thiy dupc vd neu nhan xet eda minh lln edc v4t qua l6 nhd Hdi tre: "Mudn nhin cac vat rd hdn I Idm I h l ndo? N l u dung ddn pin chieu vao thi se lo? " sau dd eho tre nhin vdo phia ben hop cd ih sdng ddn pin chilu vdo + Lidn hd vdi thyc tl§n cudc sdng bing each ddng h i t ic cda phdng trd dang ngdi hode hdi tre d mpt in phdng tdi, khdng ed dnh sdng ihl tre se cam thay nu I ndo? Cd t h i nhln thay mgi vdt xung quanh khdng? udn nhin/ tim dugc mpi vat xung quanh thi chung ta phai m t h i ndo? (md cda phdng bdt ddn sdng, ehilu ddn n ) 31 ' Thi nhiem 3: SQ b i l n ddi ky didu cda mdu sac - Mye dieh thi nghiem -I- Phat trien kha nang phan dodn, suy ludn eda trd thdng qua hanh ddng pha mdu eho chat long + Nhan b i l l dUpc sy thay ddi mau eda nUde va cac mau pha trdn vdi nudc + Bilt pha trdn mdt sd mau cd ban can thieL •(• Giup tre hinh thdi quen khdm phd ddng thdi phat trien sU kheo leo cho ddi tay eua tre + Tgo eho tre nilm thieh thd vd thue hien edng viec d i n cdng - Dieu kidn thf nghiem Chuan bj: Lg/ binh thuy tinh/ nhya sudt dyng nude sgeh; Mdt sd cdc thdy tinh de tre ed t h i dung pha mdu; Mdu bdt cdc logi (mdt sd mau cd ban); Dua d l ngody nudc vd thia ca phe de xuc bdt mau - Qua trinh thf nghiem + Cho tre dd mdt ft nude sgeh vdo hai cdc thuy tinh Sau dd de ire quan sdt mau cua chat long vd cde logi bdt mdu Cho tre phan dodn k i t qua hda tan bdt mdu vao cac cdc nUde, sau dd sau cho tre thd nghiem bang hanh ddng, quan sdi vd dUa nhgn xeL + Thao luan vdi tre: " N l u d l cho mdu ty tan nUdc thi se rat lau Mudn cho mau lan nhanh thi phai lam nhu t h i ndo?" Cho trd dOng dua ngoay mdt hai cdc nUdc d l eho mdu tan d I u , Yeu cau tre so sanh sy khae biet v l mau sac hai cdc dd (edng mdt lUpng nUde va lupng mau nhu nhUng each pha mau khdc thi k i t qud trudc mat se khac nhau) + Cho tre thUe hien pha trdn hai mau khae vd phan dodn xem dieu gl se xay De tre quan sat hien biln ddi mau cua nUde (mdu xanh s I m + trang = xanh nhgt, mdu xanh s I m + vang = xanh la edy, mdu xanh s i m + = tim ) vd eho tre dung but mdu td d l ghi nhan sy quan sat eua minh vao bang pha mau Nha giao dye vT dgi J.A.Cdmenxki (1592 - 1670) da ldng vidt cudn "Phep giang dgy vT dai" thi: "Gido dye cd muc dfch danh thde nang lyc phan dodn dung d i n , phat trien nhan each Hay tim phUdng phap nao GV ft dgy hdn, hpe sinh hpc nhieu hPn" Vdi tUtudng dd, GV can tgo cac tinh hudng, Igo mdi trUdng cho tre dupe I h l hidn sy td md, ham hieu biet, ren luyen va phat tnen tU va cd the chu ddng giai quyet cae tinh hudng ma tre bat gap hoae cae tinh hudng GV lUa chpn cho tre Thi nghiem Id phUOng phap dgy hgc mdi cd t h i dap dng dUpc tat ca nhQng yeu cau Iren, van dd la giao vien cd the sd dyng nd nhU the nao ma thdi U^U THAM KHAO Dao Thanh Am (chd bi§n)(1995}, Giao dijc hgc Mam non lap 3, Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi Hd Lam Hdng, Tre Mam non kham pha khoa hoc, NXB H^ NOi 2011 L& Thu Huong (chd bier) ciing cdc tdc gia, TichUcho^t dgng phat triin nhan thde cho tri Mam non theo hudng tich hpp, NXB Giao dye Dinh Ngpc Ldn (djch), Bintayninbdt - Khoa hgc d tn^ng Tliu hgc NXB Gido dye, 1999 Hodng Thj PhUdng, Lyiu$n vi phuang phip hudng din tri lim quen vdi MTXQ, NXB Dgi hgc Su phgm 2009 ... bj TN * Budc 3: Qua trinh tien hanh TN: TN cd t h i diln It thdi gian ngan hoac keo dai nhQ quan sdt, Nfi nhiem vu dupe giai quyet qua trlnh quan sdtthlviet thao luan k i t qua quan sateung dien... Cd t h i nhln thay mgi vdt xung quanh khdng? udn nhin/ tim dugc mpi vat xung quanh thi chung ta phai m t h i ndo? (md cda phdng bdt ddn sdng, ehilu ddn n ) 31 '' Thi nhiem 3: SQ b i l n ddi ky didu... dd, sau mdi l l n quan sat tre si dung k^ hieu (bilu tUpng) de dien vdo s d d d KhiTNfli ed ket qua rd net ed k i t thuc qua trinh quan sat, sauili cho tre dupe trinh bay k i t qua nghien''''cdu