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Sử dụng đồ dùng trực quan quy ước tạo hứng thú học tập cho học sinh trong dạy học lịch sử ở trường trung học phổ thông

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NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG SUTDUNG D 6 D U N G TRUC QUAN QUY UOC TAO HUMG THU HOC TAP CHO HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC LjCH SUT d TRUONG TRUNG HOC PUd T H O N G TS Nguyen Thdnh Nhdn Trudng Bgi hgc Suphgm BH Hui[.]

NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG SUTDUNG D D U N G TRUC QUAN QUY UOC TAO HUMG THU HOC TAP CHO HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC LjCH SUT d TRUONG TRUNG HOC PUd T H O N G TS Nguyen Thdnh Nhdn Trudng Bgi hgc Suphgm - BH Hui SUMMARY Conventional appliances are maps, simple geometric symbols used in teaching history, which have effects on specifying events, forming the concepts and forming basic concepts for creating the interest in learning for students Thererore, using convevtional viual appliances to create Ihe interest in learning for teaching history at upper secondary schools will be the appropriate steps, meeting the quirements of innovation and improving educational quality Keywortts: Conventional visual appliances, history, interest, interest in learning Ngdy nhpn bdi: 15/10/2015; Ngay duyft ddng: 25/10/2015 D$t vdn de Trong qufi trlnh hogt dOng cfta ngudi, hfing thft ed vai trd quan trgng Nd Id dOng co thfic ddy ngudi tham gia tich eye vdo cdc hogt dOng Khi Idm vifc vdi niem thfi, dam ml thi dfi cd khd khfin ngudi sl cd J ehi dk thyc hifn cdng vifc vdi ndng sudt vd hifu qud cao nhdt Tgo hftng thfi hpc t^p eho hpc sinh (HS) da dugc dl c$p Dilu 28.2, Chuong II, Lu$t Gido dye nudc COng hda Xa hOi Chfi nghTa Vift Nam "Phuang phdp gido dye phdi phdt huy tfnh tich cyc, ty gidc, chu dOng, sdng tgo cua HS; phfi hpp vdi d$c dilm cfia Iftng ldp hpc, mdn hpc, bli dudng phuong phdp ly hgc, khfi nfing Ifim vifc theo nhdm; ren luyfn kT ndng v§n dyng kien thfic vdo thyc tiln; tfic ddng din tlnh cdm, dem lgi nilm vui, thfi hpc l§p cho HS" [3, tr 23] Cd thl nh§n Ihdy, hogt dOng hpc t§p ndi chung, hogt dOng hpe tgp radn Ljeh sft ndi rilng, hftng thfi ed vai trd quan trgng, Idm cho HS tich cyc hge t$p, nfing cao chdt lupng gido dye bO mdn Trong dgy hpc ljch sfi d trudng trung hgc phi thdng, cd nhieu cdch dl tgo thfi hpc lgp cho HS, dd cd su dyng dl dfing ttvc quan quy udc (DDTQQLT) Van dl d$t the ndo Id dftng tryc quan quy udc? Quan nifm vl vifc tgo hftng thfi hpc t|ip sao? Sft dyng DDTQQU" nhu thl ndo dl tgo dupc himg thft hpe t§p cho HS? Bdi viel dudi day chfing tdi sl ldm rd Quan nifm vl d l dftng tryc quan quy trde Theo tfic gid D$ng Vfin Hd "DDTQQU la nhQng bdn dl, ki hifu hinh hpe don gian dupc sft dyng Irong dgy hpc tjch sft, Iogi dl dimg tryc quan md gifta ngudi thill kl dd dfing, ngudi sft dyng vfi ngirdi hgc cd mOt quy udc ngdm ndo dd (vl mfiu sfic, ki hifu hinh hpe )" [2, tr 4] Trong dgy hpe Ijch sft d trudng phi thdng, DDTQQLT dupc sft dyng "gIm cfic Iogi bfin dl ljch sft, thj, so do, nien bieu, Logi dung tryc quan ndy tgo cho HS nhihig hlnh dnh tugng trung phdn dnh nhftngrafitehdt lupng, so lupng cfta qufi trinh ljch sft, ddc trung xu hudng phdt trien cfia cdc hifn lupng kinh ll, ehinh Irj - xfi hpi ciia ddi sing Nd khdng chl dk cy the hda sy kifn Ijch sft md edn Id co sd dl hlnh Ihdnh khai nifm cho HS." [3, tr 47] Quan nifm vl tgo thii hpc tgp ljch si^ cho HS dgy hgc ljch sd d tnrdng phi thong Hfing thfi Id thdi dO d^c bift cfia cd nhdn vdi dli tugng nao dd, viia cd J nghTa ddi vdi cupc sing vfta ed khd ndng mang Igi khodi edm eho ed nhdn qua trinh hogt dOng Hung thfi dupe thl hifn d sy chu J cfia ed nhfin tdi dli tupng, cdm thdy dli tupng hap dan, Idi cuin Hiitng thu ldm ndy sinh khat khao tilp c§n vd di sdu tim hieu, n h ^ Ihfix: dli tugng, thich Ihfi dupc thda mdn vdi dli tupng Theo Nguyen Quang Ufin: "Hung thu bieu hifn d sy tgp trung chu y cao dg, dsy say me hdp ddn bdi npi dung hogt dgng, dbi rgng, vd chiiu sdu cua thu" [4, tr 173] Tft cdch hilu ve hftng Ihfi nhu tren, chung ta cd thl djnh nghTa hftng thfi hgc t§p (HTHT) la mOt thai dO ddc bift cua HS ddi vdi cde mdn hpe nhd trudng, thl hifn d sy chu J, khao khfit di sdu lim hilu nOi dung mdn hgc, d su thfch Ihu dugc thda mfin vdi nhthig tri thftc cfta mdn hge Do v§y, mOt mdn hgc chi ed the trd Ihdnh dli tugng cfia HTHT chung vfta cd J nghTa vdi cupc sing cfta HS, vira ed khfi TAP CHJ THlfTBIGlAO DMC-sd 123-11/2015 • 21 NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG ndng mang Igi khodi cdm cho cdc em Mdn hgc nfio cdng cd J nghTa dli vdi cugc sing ciia HS thl cdng de dang tgc) hftng thfi Nhdn thftc tri thfic mdn hpc edng sau sfic, day du cdng ddt nen mdng vung ehdc cho sy hinh vd phat ttiln cua HTHT HTHT ijch sft the hifn Irudc hit d sy tgp trung chu J cao dg, sy say ml cfia cde em vao ndi dung Iri thftc ljch sft vd hogt dgng hpc lgp lieh sft Hogt dOng hpc t|.p Id hogt dgng cdng thfing, klo ddi nin nlu ehi cd J thftc nghTa vy vfi J thftc td chftc kJ lu§t thi khdng dfi dl bat HS chfi y thudng xuyen vd lau ddi Chi cd HTHT thl HS mdi cd Ihi tdp trung, chfi J klo ddi vdo ddi tupng hgc tap; HTHT ljch sft ciia HS edn dugc bilu hifn d mOt tlnh thdn hgc tgp cao, nhu: tieh cyc tham gia phdt bilu, hdng hdi, ty nguyfn tham gia vdo mgi hinh thftc cfia hogt dOng hgc t$p lich sft; nlu thfic mdc, ddl hdi gido viln (GV) gidi thich c$n kg nhiing sy kifn, hifn tupng, quy lu^t, khai nifm ljch sft md cdc em chua rd Bdi HTTIT cd quan hf ch^t che din tinh Ihdn hpc tap Khi HS dd hfing thu mgt vdn de nfio dd thi cfic em lich cye hgc tfip nhu "mpt phdn xg ddy chuyen rdt ty nhien vd tryc tiep md khdng cdn mpt thao tdc tmng gian nao khdc " [4, tr 477] Khi cd HTHT, nhu cau tim hieu, nhgn thfic sdu hon vl bdi hge ljch sft, nen cdc em tich cyc hogt dgng de thda mfin nhu cdu chiem ITnh tri thftc cua minh Khi cd HTHT Ijch sft, HS thudng Ihich thfi vd Idm bfii tip ddy dfi Hftng thfi vd ndng lyc ed rali quan hf vdi Hung thu Id ddu hifu cfia ndng lyc vd chinh ndng lyc Id tiln dl cho sy hinh Ihdnh va phdt triln HTHT Ngupc lgi, hodn thdnh cdc bdi t§p sS tgo niem vui Iri tuf, kieh thieh sy phfit triln vd hinh thdnh HTHT Cdc bifn phdp sii dyng DDTQQU* dl tgo HTHT cho HS dgy hgc ljch sd d trudng phi IbSng Dgy hpc ljch sft, GV cd thl sft dyng DDTQQU theo nhftng bifn p h ^ sau dl tgo dupc hfing thfi hpc t^p cho HS 4.1 5i? dyng BDTQQU'kit hgp vdi hp thing cdu hdi, bdi tpp nhpn thO'c Trong tdt ed cdc khdu cua qud trinh dgy hpe, lu phdn kilm tra bfii cu, vdo bai mdi, dgy bdi mdi hay phdn eung cl, GV diu cd thl sft dyng DDTQQU ket hpp vdi cdu hdi, bdi t§p nh§n thftc, cfiu hdi gpi md vdn dl Bdi vi cdu hdi, bdi tgp nhgn thfic tft DDTQQU sl tgo dupc mau Ihuan nhgn thftc cfia HS, cd thl HS chua trfi ldi dupc cfiu hdi nhung chinh sy m ^ thuan ttong nhgn thftc, kich thieh sy ham hpc hdi, HTHT Muon trd ldi cdu hdi, bdi ^ nh§n thftc thi HS phdi huy dOng von kiln thftc eu, phdi tilp nh|n 22 • TAP CHl THifrBlGlAO DMC-sd 123-11/2015 thdng tin GV gidng bdi, phdi huy dpng rdt nhilu thao tac lu thi mdi gidi quylt dupc cfiu hdi, bdi t§p nhgn thfii; vd trd ldi dugc edu hdi, bfii tgp nh$n thftc thl nfing lyc hr cfia HS phdt trien De giup HS tra ldi dupc cfiu hdi, bdi tgp nhdn thftc, trudc hit, GV phdi nfim chinh xdc dapfincau hdi, bfii tgp nh(ln thfic, xfiy dyng cdc cau hdi gpi md hudng dan HS hodn nhifm vy hpc tgp Vi dy: Khi dgy myc 2, phdn II bdi 4: Cdc nudc Ddng Nam A va An DO, GV nlu edu hdi: Tgi sau ndm 1950 vi tri An Dg ngdy cdng dugc ndng cao tren trudng qudc ti? Dl gifip HS trfi idi cau hdi nh§n thfic, GV dua so dh (trdng) ve cdng cuOc xay dyng dat nudc An DO (1950-2000), yeu cau HS trd Idi cac cfiu hdi dl hoan thifn so do: An DO dgt dupc thdnh tyu gi ITnh vyc nong nghifp, cdng nghifp? Nhftng Ihdnh tyu cfta An DO ITnh vyc khoa hpc kr thugt An BQ dgt dupc thfinh lyu gi ITnh vyc vfin hda - gido dye, doi ngogi? HS trd ldi dupe eac cdu hdi gpi md, hodn thifn so sS hinh thdnh nhftng bilu tupng, khdi nifm ve edng cuOc xdy dyng ddt nude An B^, nil dupe dfipfincho cdu hdi nhgn thfic trln Rd rfing, qud ttinh dgy h^c, neu GV sft dung DDTQQU kit hpp vdi neu cfiu hdi, bfii l|.p n h ^ thuc, edu hdi gpi md nhu trln Idm cho HS thdy HTHT hon so vdi cfich dgy truyln thing 4.2 Sit dung DDTQQU'di gidi thich cdc s(r kipn, hipn tugng Ifch su Vifc sft dyng DDTQQU kit hpp vdi cdc phuang phdp khdc dl tgo cdc bilu lupng, khdt nifm Ijch sir sl gifip HS nfim bfit cfic sy kifn, hifn tupng Ijch sit ttong qud khft mOt edeh sinh dgng, tft dd gidi thich cdc sy kifn, hifn tupng Ijch sft de dang hem, tao cho HS HTHT, mang Igi hifu qud hgc t$p cao „^ Vi dy: Khi dgy hpc myc 1.1, bdi I Sy hinh thd^ trgt tu the gidi mdi sau Chiin tranh Ihi gicn thii: hai (1945-1949), GV sfi dyng bdn "Syphdn chia cdc^ khu vyc tr&n the gidi theo trgt ty hai cyc lanta" vi ylu cdu HS quan sdt, cfic khu vyc dnh hudng cua Liln Xd vd MT, so sdnh phgm vi dnh hudng cfia Liln Xd vdi MT Kit hpp vdi nOi dung kiln thftc dfi hpc trudc do, gifii thich li do: VI Liln Xd vd MI cd dupc sy dnh hudng ndy? Vi trgt ty thl gidi mdi sau Chiln tranh the gidi thfi hai cdn gpi Id tr^t ty hai cye lania? Tren co sd quan sat bdn do, HS nfim dugc khu vyc dnh hudn^ cfia Liln Xd va MT sau Chiln Iranh thl gidi II Ifi rat Idn, gifii thfch vi Lien Xd vd Mt cd dupc sy dnh hudng nfiy? Dd Id vai trd to ldn vifc tilu dift chft nghTa phfit xil Irong Chiln tranh thl gidi 11 vd sy dnh hudng, ehi phli chu ylu NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG cfia hai cudng quie ndy dli vdi thl gidi nen trdt ty Ihl gidi sau Chiln tranh thl gidi thft hai cdn gpi Id "Trgt ty hai cyc lanta" 4.3 Sir dyng DDTQQU'di ti chiec thdo lupn nhdm Sft dyng DDTQQU tl chftc thdo lu|n nhdm sl gdp phdn dli mdi phuang phdp dgy hpc dem lgi hifu qud cho tilt hpc Ljch sft Sft dyng DDTQQU to chftc thfio lugn nhdm thudng dupc kit hpp vdi nhihig cdu hdi, bdi tgp nh|n thftc dl tgo HTHT eho HS, kfch thich cdc em suy nghT dl dua ddp dn Vj dy: Khi dgy mye 1.2, bdi 4; Cdc mrdc Ddng Nam A vd An Dp, GV chia tdp thdnh nhdm, dya vdo npi dung sdch gido khoa, thdo lugn vd hofin bdng so sdnh vl chiln luge phfit triln kinh te cfta cae nude sdng l|ip ASEAN theo mau: Nfi dung so Chiln luvc kinh tl Chien luyc kinh sdnh hirdng n$i tl hirdng ngogi Thdi gian Myc tilu Ndi dung Thdnhtyu Hgn chl Sau cdc nhdm thfio Iu|ui xong, treo kit qua thdo l u ^ trln bfing, eft dgi difn nhdm trinh bdy; HS cdc nhdm khfic bo sung, gdp J Culi cfing, GV nhdn xlt, ddnh gifi vd chit lgi nhftng J chinh Cdch dgy hgc nhu tren, HS sl phfit huy dupc tinh tieh cyc, ty gidc, chft dOng tham gia tim hieu bdi mdi Cdc em cdm thdy hftng thfi hon ttong gid hgc ljch sft, bdi vl HS khdng ehi nfim nhanh dupc ngi dung kiln thftc eo bdn cfia bdi md cdn phfit ttiln kT nfing tu (so sdnh), kT nfing thye hdnh bO mon (lgp bdng nien bilu, hf thing hda kiln thfic) 4.4 Khai thdc BDTQQl/theo hudng t6 chdc trd ehffilich su Trong dgy hpc ljch sft d trudng phi thdng, vifc thiet kl vd ll chite cdc trd choi Ijch sft ndi ehung vd ttd chcri tft DDTQQU ndi rilng cd mgt vai trd quan trgng, giup HS phdt triln todn difn, d$c bift Id phdt ttien ndng lyc hgc t§p bp mon Vifc khai thdc DDTQQU de tl chftc ttd choi gifip HS phal triln ndng lyc tu Trln thyc tl, dk thyc hifn cde ylu edu cfia ttd choi, HS cdn phfii huy dOng tofin bO kiln thire, suy nghT, lya chpn nhftng dieu phft hpp de tra Idi Vifc sft dyng trd ehoi Ijch sft lam cho HS vui sudng, sdng khodi, tgo nin khdng khf thi dua tfinh mgnh Nhu v$y, vifc sft dyng DDTQQU dl'tl chftc cdc trd ehoi Ijch sft Id mOt cfich dgy hgc cd hifu qufi kich thich d HS niem say ml, HTHT, phat huy tinh tieh cyc, chft dgng, sang tgo cfta cac em ttong hogt dOng hgc t§p Vi dy: GV cd the td chftc trd choi "Khdm phd nhanh vl qud ttinh gia nhap ASEAN cua cdc nudc Ddng Nam A" bfing each su dung Bdn cdc nudc ASEAN vd nien bieu trdng Dl thye hifn, GV treo nien biiu len bang, chia sl HS Irong Idp thdnh nhdm, ylu cdu mdi nhdm cft Ifin lupt cac dgi difn eiia minh Iln hodn niln bieu cfta nhdm (tin cdc nudc gia nhdp td chfic ASEAN, thdng ndra nudc dd gia nhgp Id chfic ndy) - nhdm se ldn lupt cft timg ngudi thyc hifn, mdi ngudi chi dupc vilt tin vd ngdy thdng nfim gia nh^p Id chftc ASEAN cua mOt nudc, ngudi tiep theo nhdm tilp tyc thyc hifn cho den hodn tdt Nhdm ndo thyc hifn dung vfi nhanh nhdl sl gifinh phanthdng - Khi cac Nhdra hodn thdnh xong, GV nhgn xet, ttinh chieu nien bilu hofin ehinh dl cdc em ty so sanh, ddi ehilu va rfit ket lugn Kit hgp vdi sft dyng DDTQQU, GV edn phdt vdn HS vl hodn ednh ddi, myc lieu, qud trinh phdt trien vd nhftng thfinh tyu chinh cfia to chftc ASEAN Qua l l chftc ttd choi nhu trln, GV gifip HS ndm dugc vj tri cdc nudc gia nhap td chfic ASEAN, ciing nhu Ijch sft hinh thdnh vd phfit triln cfta l l ehfix: ndy, qua dd tgo cho eae em HTHT vd vife ITnh hOi tri thftc ttd nin nh? nhdng hon 4.5 Su dyng DDTQQU"di kiim tra, ddnh gid HS Doi mdi phuong phap dgy hpe cung dong thdi vifc GV cdn phdi doi mdi edeh kilm tra, ddnh gid theo hudng phdt triln ndng lyc, gidm thuOc ldng, tdng ttinh dO tu cho HS mdi tgo hftng thfi doi vdi cde em Hon nfta, vifc ddnh gid, kiem tra Iheo hudng phdt ttiln ndng lyc, tdng cudng cdc kT nang tu di^, thfii dO dang la xu hudng tat yeu, nhfim thyc hifn myc lilu ddi mdi cfin bfin vfi todn difn nen gifio dye Do dd, vifc dua DDTQQU vfio de kilm tta, dl thi mdn Ljch sft sl Iam gidm dp lyc cho HS vi cfic em khdng phdi hgc thupc long qua nhilu, mdt khde cdn Idm cho cdc em hftng thu vi phdt huy dupc nfing lyc ty hpc, trinh dO tu duy, kha nang sdng tgo, vgn dyng kiln thftc cfia minh Chfing hgn GV ed the sft dyng "Lugc dd chdu Phi sau Chien tranh the gidi thu har kim Iheo cdu hdi: Nam nao duye ggi Id "Nfim chau Phi" VI lgi gpi Id "Ndm ehau Phi'7 Em cd nhdn xlt gi vl phong trfio dau Iranh gifii phdng dan tOc d ehau Phi? Ho$c: GV cd thl kilm tra bdi eu ho$e kiem tra TAP CHf THI^BfGlAO DMC-sd 123-11/2015 • 23 NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG 15 phfit bfing cdch dung so dl Cdc co quan chinh eua td chfic Liln Hgp Quoc, yeu cfiu cdc em quan sat vd cho bill vai trd cua cdc co quan ehinh ndy id gl? Thdng qua so dd Cdc ca quan cua td chirc Lien Hgp Quoc dk kilm tra, HS khdi^ efin hgc thuOc long kiln thufc cd ttor^ sdeh gido khoa, ede era trln co sd suy lugn cfta minh cd thl nlu dugc vai trd cfia Id chftc Lien Hgp Quoc Cdch kiem tta ndy sl tao HTHT cho HS hgc t|p lich sft Ket lugn Ndng eao ehdt lupng dgy hge Ljch sft ndi chung, dgy hpc Ljch sft d trudng phd thdng ndi rilng dang ttd thdnh nhifm vy cap bdch ciia nhfi tnrdng vfi GV bO mdn Ljch sft Trong dd sft dyng DDTQQU dl tgo HTHT cho HS ttong dgy hgc Ljeh sft Id cdn thilt de tich eye hda hogt dOng nhdn thfic ljch sft cfia HS, nang eao hifu qud ciia bdi hge Ijch sft, phdt ttiln tofin difn ttf lyc, qua dd nfing cao chat lupng dgy hpc Ljch sft d trudng phi thdng Hftng thft cftng la dOng lyc chinh dl ede em vuon tdi thdnh edng vd khfing djnh bfin than mmh, hftng thu se lam gidm bdt dp tyc hgc tgp, dd nd chi cdn Ifi "hd ehai vl thl lye vfi irj tuf" gifip cdc em vugt qua mpi khd khdn dk hoan thfinh tot nhifm vy d$t ra, Tdi lifu tham khao Dairi N G (1978) Chudn bi gid hoc Hch sv nhu the ndo NXB Gido due, Ha NOi D§ng Vdn Hd (2010) Bdi gidng chuyen di Xdy d\mg vd su dyng dd ditng tryc quan quy udc theo hudng phdt huy tinh lich cyc hgc lgp cita HS de ndng cao hifu qud bdi hgc Lich sir a trudng THCS Tai lifu bli dudng GV THCS cho cdc tinh Qudng Binh, Sde Trdng, An Giang, Bmh Dinh, Qudng Ngdi, Hue Phan Ngpc Liln (CB) (2012) Phuang phdp dgy hgc mdn Lich sir Tgp II, NXB Dgi hpe Su phgm, HdNOi Nguyen Quang Udn (CB) (2009) Tdm li hgc dgi cuang NXB Dgi hge Qude gia, Hd Ngi iiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiuiniiiiiiuuiiMMiiiiiiiiiiiiii KHAI THAC, Sir DUNG THI NGHIEM Tlf TAO,'••• - GV mdi HS cfia nhdm bilu diSn TN dl cfi Idp quan sdt - GV ylu edu trd Idi cfiu hdi C,: chi nhftng bO phdn chlnh cfia mil logJ mfiy phdt difn ndy vd neu eho giong nhau, khdc - HS trinh bdy dk cfic nhdm khdc gdp J - GV nhgn xet sau tilp lyc ylu edu cfic nhdm tien hdnh TN vd trd ldi cau hdi C^: Gldl thich vl eho nam chfim (hode cuOn ddy) quay ta lgi thu duge ddng difn xoay chilu Irong cdc mfiy phfit difn dd? - HS tilp tyc tiln hdnh TN vdi rad hinh khdc vfi ttd ldi cau hdi C^ Cdc nhdm khfic quan sdt vfi dua nh§n xlt vl nOi dung trd ldi cfia bgn - GV ylu cdu HS nhfic lgi bilu hifn ndo chfing td mfiy phdt difn xoay ehilu? - HS dya vfio cdc den LED lufin philn sdiig Iiln tyc b Kit lugn, riil kiin thitc mdi cdn nghien cuu: Cdc mdy phdt difn xoay chieu diu cd hai bO p h ^ chinh lfi nara chara vd cugn dfiy S.Ketlu^n Khai thdc, sft dyng TNTT ho trp DH nhdm ttong hinh thfinh kiln thirc mdi, thyc hdnh TN vfi ty hpc d nhd Id cdc hinh thite td chftc DH nhdm dli mdi PPDH theo hudng phfit huy tinh tieh cyc hogt 24 « TAP CHlTHI^BIGlAO DMC-sd 123-11/2015 (ti^ theo trang S) dOng NT vfi chfi dOng, ty lyc hpc Ifip eua HS, gdp phdn nfing cao chdt lupng vd hifu qufi DHVL trudng THCS Do vifc khai thfic, ly tgo TN DHVL ndi ehung vd hb trp to chftc DH nhdm ndi rilng lfi vdn dl can dupc quan tam vd phdt triln Bk khai thdc vd sft dyng TNTT cd hifu qui khdng nhftng ddi hdi GV cdn cd nfing lye thyc hdnh TN vfi nghifp vy su phgm tdt ma can phdi dau tu edng sftc, thdi eian vd tdm huylt doi vdi nghe ndi ehung vd vdn dl nghiln c

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