sif DUNG TLf LIEU GOC TRONG KIEM TRA, DANH GIA MON LICH Sif 6 TRUING TRUNG HOC PRO THONG (VAN DUNG KHI GIANG DAY VE TRIEU DAI LY TRAN) Phgm Thi Ut Khoa Gido due Tieu hgc vd Mdm non Email utpt@dhhp edu[.]
sif DUNG TLf LIEU GOC TRONG KIEM TRA, DANH GIA MON LICH Sif TRUING TRUNG HOC PRO THONG (VAN DUNG K H I GIANG DAY VE T R I E U DAI LY - TRAN) Phgm Thi Ut Khoa Gido due Tieu hgc vd Mdm non Email: utpt@dhhp.edu.vn Ngdy nhgn bdi: 09/01/2018 Ngdy PB ddnh gid: 12/02/2018 Ngdy duyet ddng: 19/02/2018 TOM TAT Kiem fra ddnh gia (KT-DG) la mdt khdu quan frgng frong qua trinh day hgc va Id mgt cdng cu quan frgng de xdc dinh dugc ndng luc nhdn thftc cua hge sinh dong thdi thdng qua KT-DG se dilu chinh qua trinh day va bgc Theo tinh thdn ddi mdi cua giao due d Viet Nam frong tuong lai la hudng tdi sy phdt tridn nang lye cda hgc sinh, vay frong KT-DG phdi thay ddi nhu thi ndo dd dat dugc dieu dd Trong bai viit nay, tac gia xin dugc manh dan dl xudt mgt sd bien phap su dung tu lieu gde (TLG) frong KT-DG mdn Lich sft d trudng THPT (van dung giang day ve trieu dai Ly - Tran) de gdp them mdt y kien ttong chuong trinh sdch gido khoa mdi ttong tuong lai Tir khda: Tu lieu gdc, sft dyng tu Ueu gdc, day hgc lich su, kiim fra, danh gia USE O F DATA IN T H E ASSESSMENT O F HISTORY IN H I G H S C H O O L ( W H E N LEARING ABOUT T H E DYNASTY LY - TRAN) Testing is an important part of teaehinh and is an important tool for ifentifying student cognitive abilities, at the same time through the assessment test will adjust the teaching and learrung process In the spirit of innovative education in the future is the direction to the developraent of student capacity in the assessment test to change bow to achieve that In this article, the author boldly proposes measures to use the original data in the assessment of history in high school to add an idea to change the text book program in the fiiture Keyword: Data, use data, teaching history, test D ^ T VAN DE ddi radi cdn ban todn dien Giao dye va Dao Trong chidn luge phdt tridn Giao due 2011-2020 ddc bidtNQ Hgi nghi TW BCH TW khda XI (Nghi quyit sd 29-NQ/TW) vl tao, ddp ung ydu cau cdng nghiep hda, hidn *3ai hda dieu kien kinh tl thi trudng ^\^ hudng xd hgi ehu nghia vd hdi nhdp T^P c m KHOA HQC, 8^27, thang 3/2018 I 53 qudc tl Vidt Nam da xac dinh phai ddi mdi giao due va dao tao frong dd Idy ddi mdi KTDG lam khdu dot pha KT-DG Id mdt bd phan khdng the tach rdi cua qud trinh day bgc, nhien vide KT-DG mdn Lich sft d trudng phd thdng hien ben canh nhftng mat tich cyc vdn tdn tai nhiiu bdt cap, ddc biet la viec dd kidm fra ddn den tinh trang day bgc chay theo thi cu, thyc frang ndy ddi hdi giao dye Viet Nam ndi chung, van dd KT-DG ndi rieng phdi ddi mdi theo hudng tiep c^n vdi giao due fren the gidi, chd trgng danh gia ndng lyc cua bgc sinh, de cao nguyen tac "hgc di doi v&i hdnh" Trong cudn "Phdt huy tinh tich cue hgc lap cua hgc sinh nhu the ndo" cua tdc gia I.F.Kharlamop (1978), tae gia da dd eao vide sft dyng cac tdi lieu bdn ngodi SGK nhdm phdt huy cao tu hgc tap, tac gia viet: "Chinh nhirng cdu hdi Cdi gi? Tgi sao? Vl nguyen nhdn gi? Da kich thich dc tim tdi cua hgc sinh, kich thich su phdn tich, so sdnh vd khdi qudt hda Nhimg ddi v&i qud trinh nhdn thuc lu khong phdi chi cd nhirng cdu hoi la quan trgng Cdn cd tdi lieu nhu su kien, thi du, quan sdt, bieu lugng diing dephdn tich, doi chieu, nghia la CO tdi lieu eho tu Neu ldi lieu khdng cd, hay khong du lu se khong bi kich thich vd vdn de ndy sinh se khdng duge trd l&i".[4; 22] Cd tbi thdy tac gia da het sire de cao vide phai cau hdi nhu thi ndo vd cdc tdi lieu de cung cap cho cac cdu hdi cung phai phong phii thi mdi phat huy dugc tinh tich eye hgc tap cua hgc sinh Sd dung TLG frong day hgc lich su ndi chung, frong KT-DG ndi rieng hidn d cae trudng phd thdng gdn nhu chua dugc phdt 54 TRirdNG D^I HQC HAl PHONG huy hieu qud Khd khan d chd mdi mgt lojii TLG thi chi cd mgt, de khai thac duge cac kien thftc ddi hdi Giao vien rat nhieu thdi gian vd cdng thuc de suu tdra, chdt lgc Tuy v^y, day lai Id mdt ngudn tu lieu rat gia tri, nd dua lai nbiJng nhdn thuc tryc tiep, nhung thdng tin tryc tiep ve cdc su kien, hien tugng, nhdn vdt Hch sft Dd Id nhdn thftc ve khdng gian, thdi gian, sy kidn, hidn tugng, sd lieu, sy danh gia, nhdn xet eua ehinh ngudi duong thdi chiing kidn va viet lai Viec chii ddng tim tdi, khdm pha va frd ldi cdc cdu hdi cua giao vien thdng qua cac TLG giup hgc sinh hao hftng vdi radn hgc ddng thdi qua cac ngudn tu lieu se franh dugc hoan toan suy nghT "hu cdu" hay "hidn d^i hda" lich sii d cac em va phdt huy tinh tich cue, nang luc hge tap eua eac era mdt each hidu qud nhat NOl DUNG Zl Quan niem ve TLG vd phan lo^ TLG Tu lieu va TLG ddng mgt vai ttd rat quan frgng frong hgc tdp vd nghidn cim lich su Tai lieu bao gdm ea tu lieu va tu lieu nam frong tdi lieu Hdu het cdc khdi niem hay bi nham lan vdi bdi cd nhftng tu lieu so cdp (la tu lieu gdc, tu lieu ddi sau mdt bidn cd, sy kidn xay ra) va tu lieu thu cap (la nhiing tu lidu da dugc chep lai nhidu lan) Lam ro cae khai nidm ndy se giiip ngudi giao vidn lua chgn hieu qua nhdt ngudn tu Ueu cho minh ttong qua trinh day bgc lich su Trong tft dien tidng Viet dinh nghTa "Tdi lieu Id vdn bdn giiip cho tim hiiu mgt vdn de gi tdi lieu hgc tap tdi lieu tham khdo, tu lieu Id tdi lieu, phue vti cho viic nghien cuu"- Vd khai niem TLG dugc cdc khoa hge lich sft, nhd giao due lich su d Vi?t Nam dua mgt sd quan didm nhu sau: Gido su Ha Van Tan da chi rdng: "Sie lieu gdc CO mgt vi tri vai trd het strc quan trgng, nd Id ca sa de khoi phuc lgi buc tranh qud khie chdn that ctia lieh sie"[6; 235] Tiln sT Trdn Vidt Thu bai vidt v l "Viec sie dung cdc tdi lieu gdc irong dgy hgc lich su & tru&ng thong " tdc gid cung khdng dinh: "Tu lieu gdc Id nhirng vdn kien, tu lieu cd lien quan Inrc tiep den su kien, d&i vdo thai diim xay cdc su kien " Trong cudn Phuang phap day hgc lich sft GS Phan Nggc Lidn vd Tran Van Tri rat dl cao vide sft dung TLG, hai tdc gid cho rang: "Tu lieu gdc cung edp thim kien thiec phong phu, bo sung sir thieu hut cua sdch gido khoa, ldm sdng ro han nhirng kien thuc ca bdn cua bdi hgc"[5;\5%] Ddc didm cua lich sft dd la cac sy kien, hien tugng da dien frong qud khd va khdng the lap lai hay didn frong phdng thi nghidm nhu cac nganh khoa hgc khdc Lieh su hoan toan phdi dya vdo cac ngudn tu lidu de lai, day hgc lich sft d trudng phd thdng tbi sach giao khoa khdng the lot ta bet dugc nhftng hiiu bidt Uch sft eho cae em ma phdi dya vao cac ngudn tai lieu, tu lieu tham khao ben ngodi Ddy chinh Id yeu td gdp phdn nhdt dinh vao viec khdi phyc, tai hien hinh anh qua khu Tu lieu gdc cd tbi chia nhdm chinh nhu sau: -Tu lieu vdn: Bao gdra cac van kien, tai lieu cd lien quan tryc tidp ddn sy kidn, ddi vdo thdi didm xdy cac sy kidn nhu cac van til cd, cac hidp udc, sdc phong, tuyen ngdn, cdc bg sft Tu lieu hien vat: Bao gdm nhftng hien vdt cu thi tdn tai cho den ma hgc sinh cd thi tryc quan dugc qua hinh anh hoac qua tham quan frdi nghiem nhu quach, ddn dai, eac cdng cu lao ddng, bia ki, chda, chudng Tuy thugc vao cdc bdi kidm fra eu the ma ngudi giao vien cd the khai thae ngudn tu lieu phu hgp, didu ndy ed y nghTa ldn lao bdi nd se nhanh chdng di vao nhan thuc cua cac em nhftng bidu tugng lich sft vd cimg ro rdng va chdn thyc, cd tac dung phat huy tinh tich cyc, sy hao hiing bgc tap bd mdn Lich sft KT-DG lich su bien d cdc trudng phd thdng tri dudi hai hinh thftc Id KTDG qua trinh vd KT-DG tdng kit Tuy nhidn cdc bidn phdp xdy dyng cau hdi, de kiem tra hdu nhu van theo ldi eu, tuc la chi dua cdc cdu hdi kiem tra mang nang tinh kien thuc de danh gia xem hge sinh ITnh hdi, ghi nhd dugc nhiing kien thde gi qua bai hgc didu dan den ket qua la hgc sinh ehi phdt huy dugc ndng lyc ghi nhd sy kien mdt each may mdc ma cac ndng luc hgc tap khdc nhu tim toi, kham kha, danh gia, so sanh, khdi quat hda, phan bien, tranh luan hau nhu khdng phdt huy dugc 2.2 Cac yeu cau su dung TLG KT-DG 2.2.1 Sie dung TLG KT-DG phdi ddp ung dugc miAC tieu bdi hgc Mue tieu day hgc la cai dich rad ca qua trinh day hgc phai hudng den KT-DG chinh la khau then chdt de quyit dinh xem vide day hgc ed dat dugc den muc tieu ban ddu da dat hay khdng? Xudt phdt tir myc tieu day hgc ma cdc can hdi, cae bdi tap dua dl KT-DG cho hgc sinh phdi phu hgp, phyc vu eho vide tidp thu kidn thue dung nhu ydu cdu Qua do, TLG phai dugc gido vien xem xet, xft ly hit sftc ky cang, tranh sa da so vdi yeu edu eua myc tidu bai hgc TAP CHI KHOA HQC, S6 27, thang 3/2018 55 2.2.2 Sie dung TLG KT-DG phdi ddm bdo tinh vira siec doi v&i hgc sinh Tuy vao doi tugng hgc sinh ma dua eac ngudn TLG KT-DG can phdi phu hgp Khi xu ly cac ngudn TLG dd van dung gido vien luu y den tinh vfta sue ddi vdi hge sinh, bdi ndu dua ngudn TLG qua khd hoac qud dl se ddn den tinh frang hgc sinh tir khdng diing so vdi Ida tudi, nhdn thuc cua minh TLG phai hit sue tinh ggn, gdn Uen vdi ndi dung kidn thftc ma bai hgc SGK yeu cau, phuc vu cho rayc dich nang cao hieu qua cua viec tidp thu kiln thftc ca ban 2.2.3 Sie dung TLG KT-DG phdi kit hgp v&i ngi dung kien thiec SGK hinh thftc kidra tra gido vien se danh gia dugc sy tilp thu kiln thuc cua hgc smh la nhiiu hay it, hgc sinh cd hieu duge van de ma gido vidn frinh bdy fren ldp hay khdng Ben cgnh chinh bdn thdn cdc era hgc sinh cung cd thi ty danh gid, nhan xet ve ban tiidn rainh va eae ban khac va cung chinh la dgng lyc dd cac em hgc tap tdt bon Khi KT-DG qua trinh dya fren cdch de bai, cau hdi frdn ca sd la cae ngudn TLG, giao vidn edn lua chgn cac ndi dung TLG ngdn ggn, sue tich vd phu hgp dl frdnh mdt thdi gian Idra anh hudng den vide tiep thu cac kidn thftc frong ngi dung bdi hgc Vi du l.Gido vidn sft dung doan TLG frong kiim fra phat van hgc sinh Khi day vd ndi dung kien thuc cita Myc II: Phdt triin vd hodn chinh nhd nuoc phong kiin thi ky XI - XV; bai 17 - Qua trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhd nuac phong kiin (TK X-XV); (Lich sft ldp 10) Gido vien trich ddn mdt doan frong Chidu ddi do; "Chi vi mudn ddng & trung tdm mieu loan nghiep l&n, linh ki muon d&i cho chdu, tren vdng minh P&i du&i theo y ddn, neu thay thugn tiin thi thay ddi Cho nin van nu&c ldu ddi, phong luc phon thinh dugc cdi the rdng cuon hd ngoi Da dung ngoi Nam, Bdc, Dong, Tdy lgi tien hu&ng nhin 2.3 Cdc bien phdp sA dung TLG song, tira nui Dia the rgng md bdng, ddt dai KT-DG mdn Lich sir & tru&ng THPT cao md thodng Ddn eu khdi chiu cdnh khon khd ngap lut, muon vdl rdt mue phong phii (khi day ve trieu dgi Ly - Tr&n) KT-DG dugc dien dudi hai binh tdt luai Xem khdp ddi Viet ta chi nai ndy Id thuc chu ydu dd la KT-DG qua frinh vd KT- thdng dia That Id chon hgi li^ trgng yiu cua bdn phuang ddt nuac CUng Id nai Mnh S DG tdng kit bdc nhdt cua de vuang muon d&i" [Trich KT-DG qua trinh: La hinh thftc KTDVSKTT-Q 11-Tr.20] DG frong sudt qua trinh day hgc bd mdn Cd Sau cung cdp doan TLG fren GV thd la hinh thftc kiim fra mieng, 15 phut hay chinh qua frinh day hgc Thdng qua dat cau hdi: Qua dogn trich tren cdc em ddnh Nhftng kiln thuc dugc thiet ke frong SGK la nhftng kiln thftc frgng tdm, chuan theo chuang frinh dao tao Viee xay dyng, thidt ke cac cdu hdi kiem tra bdng ngudn TLG phai ludn bdm sat eac kien thuc frong SGK N I U dua cac tu li^u khdng cd lien quan gi den kidn thftc frong SGK se gdy ndn cam giac hoang mang, khd hidu eho bgc sinh Kit hgp giua TLG va SGK frong KT-DG giup hgc sinh nhdn thuc lich sft mdt each chdn thyc, chinh xac ddng thdi kich thich tri td md, kham pha cac sy kidn, bidn ed Uch sft cua hgc sinh 56 TRlTCfNG DAI HOC HAl PHONG gid nhu the ndo ve su lua chgn kinh cua Ly Cong Udn? Vi du 2: Khi day vl Muc - Cugc khdng ehiin chdng Tong thai Ly; Bdi 19 Nhung cugc khdng ehien ehdng ngogi xdm (TKX-XV) (Lich sft Idp 10) GV dua mdt can ndi ndi tieng ciia dng: "Ngdi yen dgi gidc khdng bdng dem qudn tru&c de chgn mui nhgn eiia giac " [Trieh Viet Dien u linh tap] GV ddt cdu hdi tinh hudng: Niu em dugc dgt vdo vi tri cda Ly Thu&ng Kiel em cd chgn cdch ldm giong dng hay khong? Tgisao? thudng dugc tidn hanh sau da hgc xong radt phan hay ca khda trinh nham tira hidu vd danh gid kien thftc chung (sy kien cu the, quan didm, kT ndng thyc hanh) dd bgc, lam CO sd cho vide hgc tiep phdn sau Kiem tra mdt tiet thudng raang tinh chdt dn tap, eung cd, bd sung kidn thftc Thdng qua bai kidm tra radt tidt giup hgc sinh hieu nhftng uu diem, khuyet diem (vd kidn thftc, kT ndng, phuang phdp ) cua minh sau mgt thdi gian hgc tap, cung cd va lara phong phu ban, vung chdc ban nhftng ket qua da tiep thu Bdi kidm fra hgc ky la dip danh gia toan dien ket qua hgc tap frong ca nam, vi^c Khi day xong bai 17 - Qud Pinh hinh kidm fra cudi ndra bgc thudng chi gidi ban d thdnh vd phdt triin nha nu&c phong kiin (TK phan khda frinh dugc hgc sau ciing Khdng X-XV);(\Ach su ldp 10) GV cung cap doan the cd cae eau hdi kien thuc nham khdi qudt trich: Cdc tgi Irgm cdp bi xie rdt ndng Ldn toan bg chuong trinh fren ldp duge ddu bj tgi ddnh 80 truang, thich chdm vdo mdt Chu y: Khi dl KT dl DG tdng kit hai chir "phgm dgo" vdphdi den cho chu eir phdi den Neu khong den dii, phdi dem gdn giao vidn nen dua mgt can hdi sft dyng vg ldm nd tl Tdi phgm thi bi chdt chdn TLG, ben eanh la mdt can hdi thdng tay Tdi phgm ldn thir thi bi giit ".[Trich thudng Nhu vdy, dd kidm tra se dam bdo dugc hai yeu cau: frong An Nam ebi luge - Le Trac] Thie nhdti Vdi edu bdi thdng thudng GV dat cau hdi: Em cd nhgn xet gi ve ludt phdp du&i th&i nhd Trdn thong qua dogn hge sinh vdn dam bao dugc lugng kien thue CO bdn ma cae em da ITnh hgi dugc thdng qua lu lieu tren? mdt khda trinh Vi du : Kiim fra 15 phut Thu hai: Vdi cau hdi sd dyng TLG se Trong DVSKTT (tap 2) frang 49 cd doan mang lai cam giac bdng thu, phat huy dugc viet: "Tdt ed eac qudn huyin nu&c neu cac ndng lyc nhan thftc cho hgc sinh cd gidc ngodi din phdi liiu chet md ddnh Neu Ldng ghep dugc hai yiu td vdi sue khdng dieh ndi thi cho phep ldn Pdnh vdo rieng niii, khong dugc ddu hdng" Em hay ldm nbau muc tidu cua bdi hgc, ea khda trinh sdng td doan trich tiidng qua cugc khang day bgc se dugc dam bao ca vd kien thftc chiin chdng Mdng - Nguyen ldn tiift (1285) va kT nang Vi du 3: Kiim tra mieng ciia quan ddn nha Tran? KT-DG ldng kit Co hai hinh thftc la kiim tra ragt tilt vd Kiim tra hgc ky Kiim tra radt tilt Vi du: Sau hgc xong Lich su VN tft nguyen thuy den the ky XV, GV tiln hanh KT tdng kit qua tiinh nay: (danh cho kiim fra tilt) TAP CHI KHOA HQC, S6 27, thang 3/2018 57 Cdu 1: Em hay lap bdng tdng ket cdc cugc ddu Panh chdng ngogi xdm cua nhdn ddn ta Irong th&i gian tie the ky Xdin the ky XV Cdu 2: Trong lan khdng chiin chdng Mdng Nguyen ldn thie nam 1285 vua Trdn Thdnh Tdng da v& hdi Trdn Qudc Tudn: "Thi giac mgnh nhu the, ta phdi hdng thoi" Trdn Quoc Tudn da trd l&i: "Be hg ehem ddu tdi rdi hay hdng"[Trich DVSKTT, Tap 2, lr.51J Bdng cdc kiin thuc da hgc vd qua cdu trd l&i tren em hay ddnh gid vi vai Pd eita Himg Dgo dgi vuang Trdn Qude Tudn? KET LUAN Cd thi ndi KT-DG qud trinh hge tap khdng chi ed y nghia vd mat nhan thftc (ddi vdi ca giao vidn vd hge sinh), y nghia gido due ma cdn cd tde dung ldn vide phat trien todn didn hgc sinh nhu: eae nang lyc (nhd, hinh dung, tudng tugng va tu duy), dd ddc bidt la eac thao tdc tu (phdn tich, so sanh, tdng hgp) vd chdt lugng cua tu (nhanh, sau ddc lap, sdng tao) Mat khac, KT-DG cdn gdp phan hinh nhiing kT nang, thdi quen bgc tap cua hgc sinh nhu: biet nhdn thftc vdn dl ddt mgt each chinh xac va nhay ben, bidt frinh bdy nbftng kidn thiic da ndm frong cau tra ldi, biet van dung nhftng kiln thftc da hgc dl tidp thu kien thftc mdi va boat dgng thyc tien Sft dyng TLG frong KT-DG la mdt bidn phap dl ndng cao bieu qud bdi hgc lich su d trudng phd thdng Dap dng yeu cdu doi mdi ciia giao due la phat trien ndng luc cua hgc sinh thi vide Iam frdn se mang lai nhung hieu ftng rat tdt cho hge sinh frong hpc tap bg mdn Lich sft Hgc sinh dugc tidp xiic, dugc hieu rdng Uch sft da xdy nhu thi, bign thuc lich su la nhu vdy va dd dugc lira ttong nhiJng ngudn TLG, tu se kich thich tri td md, su ham hidu bidt cua hgc sinh, thdng qua cdc cdu hdi kidm fra thudng xuyen vd tdng kit hgc sinh cung se phat huy dugc cac ndng lyc vdn cd cua ban thdn TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyen Thi Cdi (2006), Cdc du&ng, biin phdp ndng eao hiiu qud dgy hgc lich sie a tru&ng phd thong, Nxb Dai hgc su pham Ha Ngi Berad Meier - Nguydn Van Cudng (2005), 'Phat triin ndng lyc thdng qua phuang phdp vd phuong tidn day hgc radi', Tdi lieu tap hudn gido viin THPT Robert J.Marzano (2013), Cdc phuang phdp dgy hgc hieu qud, Nxb Giao due VigtNam LF Kharlamop (191^), Phdt huy tinh tich cvechgctgp cua hgc sinh nhu thi ndo Nxb Giao due Phan Nggc Lien, Trdn Van Tri (2004), Phuong phdp dgy hgc lich sie, Nxb Giao dye Ha Van Tdn (2007), Mgt so vdn di ly lugn sie hgc, Nxb Dai hgc Qudc Gia, Ha Ndi 58 TRlTOfNG DAI HQC HAI PHONG ... fren the gidi, chd trgng danh gia ndng lyc cua bgc sinh, de cao nguyen tac "hgc di doi v&i hdnh" Trong cudn "Phdt huy tinh tich cue hgc lap cua hgc sinh nhu the ndo" cua tdc gia I.F.Kharlamop (1978),... giiip ngudi giao vidn lua chgn hieu qua nhdt ngudn tu Ueu cho minh ttong qua trinh day bgc lich su Trong tft dien tidng Viet dinh nghTa "Tdi lieu Id vdn bdn giiip cho tim hiiu mgt vdn de gi tdi lieu... lieu gdc CO mgt vi tri vai trd het strc quan trgng, nd Id ca sa de khoi phuc lgi buc tranh qud khie chdn that ctia lieh sie"[6; 235] Tiln sT Trdn Vidt Thu bai vidt v l "Viec sie dung cdc tdi