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32, DttljyiiHK To chufc thirc hien tiet tra bai viet mon NgOr van cap THCS N G U Y I N VAN THANH Tnidng THCS DUdng Hda Kien LUdng Kien Giang Tiyc te trong giang dgy mdn NgCr van ndi rieng, cac bd mdn[.]
32, DttljyiiHK To chufc thirc hien tiet tra bai viet mon NgOr van cap THCS N G U Y I N V A N THANH Tnidng THCS DUdng Hda - Kien LUdng - Kien Giang T iyc te giang dgy mdn NgCr van ndi rieng, cac bd mdn khac ndi chung, cdng viec cham bai va tra bai la mdt viec lam thudng xuyen ciia ngUdi giao vien (GV), D&y la mdt cdng viec ma ngudi d^y hpe ed the danh gia mUe dd thao ve kT nang, mdc tiep thu kien ttiCrc ciia hpc sinh, qua dd ma giao vien ed the phan nao tg danh gia cdng viee dgy hpc cua mlnh v i cd bien ptiap dieu chinh chp hgp ii, phu hgp vdi tinh hinh hgc tap eiia hpc sinh Tuy nhien khdng phai liie nao cdng viec cham bai va tra bai eung dUde giao vien quan tam dung mire Nhieu thay ed giap chUa quan tam d^n va'n d l nay; thi,(c viee cham bai vk tra bai chu dao se dem I91 nhieu hieu qua tich ci,rc eho cdng viec d^y hpe mdn NgD van Trong thu'c te d^y hpe, nhidu thay ed giao cting da chpn che mlnh giai phap rieng nhUng nhin chung, cac giai phap la khdng thdng nhat Tiet tra bai viet mdn ngCf van khdng chf danh gia ket qua hpc tap ciia hpc sinh ma cot 161 ciia van de la giijp cac em th^y dugc nhOng tdn tgi bai viet Tif dd cac em ty sila cac log\ ldi bai viet de bai viet lan sau tdt hdn Day khdng phai la van de mdi, nhien xuat phat tU tinh hinh thuc te mdi GV cd nhOng quan diem khac nhau, cd each td ehu'e khac Trong mpt nam hpc sd tiet tra bai d mdn NgCf van la tU den tiet- kd d tiet tra bai phan mdn Van va Tieng Viet - dd la mdt thdi lugng ra't dang k l du de ndi len tam quan trpng eua viec eh^m va tra bai cho hge sinh, nhat la cac liet tra bai viet thude phan mdn Tap lam van (TLV) I.VE PHIA NGadl GIAO VIEN - Day la cdng vide lao ddng ma ngudi dgy cd the danh gia tlnh hinh hpc tap eiia hgc sinh, sg tien bd ciia hpe sinh hpe mdn Ngii van - Thdng qua cham bai giao vidn cd the danh gia kT nang cua hpc sinh, ma dac biet l i kTnang lam van, kTnang viet van - Thdng qua viee cham bai va tra bai giao vien cd the giiip hpc sinh nhan nhUng sai sdt, nhiJfng hgn che eiia d c em va giCip eae em khac phuc nhUng bai viet tiep theo - Qua viec cham bai va tra bai, giao vien ed the tU danh gia qua trinh dgy hpc ciia mlnh va ed bien phap nham nSng eao hieu quh dgy bd mdn Ngij' van - Lao ddng cham bai la mdt viee lam cd t h i hien nhlft tlnh, trach nhidm va tam huyet ciia ngUdi thUy giao ddi vdi ngh^ nghiep cung nhU ddi vdi hpc sinh - Cd the thay d tinh cam va d c h Ung xir eua thay giio ddi vdi hpc sinh viec cham bai va tra bai Tham chi cd ngudi dat v^n d l n l u dd la bai lam ciia ccn em ehung ta thi lieu chiing ta cd ghi nhiing ldi phe nang ne hogc phe phan nhOng ldi sai mgt each gay gat hay khdng! - Theo tdi tinh sU pham va tinh nhan vSn eua ngUdi dgy hge mdn NgU van t h i hien rat rd vigc cham bai va tra bai eho hge sinh, II.VE PHIA HQC SINH - Bai lam la q u i lao ddng sdng tgo ciia hge sinh Cac em mong den gid tra bai de duge biet thay cd giao di danh gia bai lam ciia minh nhu the nao Cho nen eung dl hilu gid tra bai la mdt nhOfng gid hpc dugc cac em trdng ddi nhat, ke ca cac em thudng ed mife diem khdng cao ciJng d tam If nhU the - Qua viee phan tieh ldi sai bat lam, hpe sinh cd the tu dieu eh?nh va nit nhieu kinh nghiem hpc tap nham dgt den su tien bd hpe tap bd mdn NgU vSn - Diem sd cting la dieu quan trgng ddi vdi d c em Hgc sinh mong den gid tra bai d l biet minh dugc bap nhieu diem, ma ddi vdi hpe sinh thi dilm sd la dilu rSit cd nghTa vi^c hge tap Ddi vigc cho dilm cOa thIiy ed giao cung lim thay ddi tinh than va thai hpe t§p ciia hoc sinh Tuy nhien trpng thUc te, nhilu giao vign ehua ^ thUc diiflc sau sac vai trd eiia gid tra bai lam van vdi ^ nghTa c^n va vdn cd ctia nd Nhilu gid tra bai ehua dgt hi^u qua v l nhilu mat ca v l ehuySn mdn, v l qui trinh v l tam i( cy t h i nhU sau: - Vigc ehuan bj eho gid tra bai ehi/a chu dao Sy thilu chu dao dd bit dau ta Wiau cham bai d i n vifee td ehCre tilt trS bai tren ldp - Nhilu thay ed giao cham bai chi ghi dilm sd bai lam ma khdng ed nhOng nhan xet, sira chQa d n thiet Ddng thdi cQng UtlMval^fC 50 6-2014 y*^"-: d nhQng thSy ed chSm bai viet ciia hge sinh vdi thai dd bye dpc, thieu Iran trgng Theo tdi, ck hai khuynh hudng iiy d i u ndn tranh, - Nhilu chdng ta khdng coi tiet tra bai la mgt tiet hgc thi/c sU nen viee thyc hipn cac qui trinh v i n cdn nhieu hgn che tham chf la khdng cd mdt qui trinh mang tfnh khoa hpe va su phgm - Gid trii bai nhilu thu ggn vao vl^c lam dan bai miu Cd giao vien danh hit thdi gian eiia tiet tra bai vao vide hudng d i n dan bai ma qu€n di eae yeu cllu Idiae quan trgng hdn - V l qui trinh td chiic hoat d$ng tilt tra bai cung cd nhilu v^n d l d n ban Tim tilng ndi chung ddi cQng rSt khd, tham chf la nhQng tranh eai khdng d hdi kit - Cd gid tra bai cht la nhQng giay phOt cang thling chd dgi de biet diem sd bai lam de rdi sau dd la mdt khdng khf dn ao, phan tan Idp hpe - NhQng gid hpe nhu the hge sinh khdng thu hogch dugc bao nhidu kiln thQc va nhQng dilu bd fch eho nhQng bai viet tilp theo Tuy nhien, ndi den tra bai la phai ndi den cham bai va ghi dilm, thilt nghldd cung khdng phai la cac ngi dung ngoai d l tai Cung c i n ndi thdm rang tilt tra bai la mdt tiet hpe nen nd cung phai dam bao d c yeu d u cua mpt tiet hpe theo hudng doi mdi, tich c^tc Cy the la phai dam bSo cac nguyen tae: - Phat huy tinh tich eye hgc tgp cua hge sinh, - Td chQe cac hogt ddng nhdm - Giao vien )a ngUdI td chQo, hudng dan - The hi^n tfnh tfch hgp gii3a cac phan mdn III GIAI PHAP eg THE Mdi thay ed giao dgy hpc mdn NgQ van can J' thUc dugc rling gid Xrk bk\ la mgt gid hoc sinh ddng va cd t i c dyng nhilu mat Day la gid hgc dU^e xay dyng thye sy tif lao ddng trye tilp ciia hpc sinh, tQ vdn lieng nhieu mat eOa cac em: von ngdn ngQ von tri thQe, vdn sdng ket hgp vdi kT nang didn dgt c( dgng van ban viet Qua gid hpe nay, eae em d l nhan mat mgnh va yeu; ma nhit la m|it y l u , m|it han e h i cua minh de rOt kinh nghiem hgc t$p va rdn luydn kT nSng lam vSn m^t tiln bd hdn Cham bai 1.1 V nghTa cua vigc chim bdi Cd ngudi cham bai nhanh nhung van chfnh xae, cd ngudi chim chSm, dpc kT ma van danh gia khdng dQng ve bai lam c6a hge sinh Ngoai ra, cdn la quan dilm, thai cua ngudi cha'm ddi vdi bai lam Khi ch^m bai ddi hdi phai cdng bing va ehfnh xae khdng cd sy sai l#ch Idn eung mdi Idp cung nhU giQa eae thay cd giao cQng \6 chuyen mdn Hien tugng danh gia khdng dQng bai lam eiia hpc slnh khdng phai la hilm Cd ch6nh cQng mdt thang dilm, cd dd chenh Igi vudt ngoai Ihang diem Tham chf nhieu tiiay cd giao cho ring dp chdnh glQa cac bai lam lUdng dUdng v l chSt lugng cd the ISn d i n hoSc dilm la dieu ed I h l cho ph6pi Quan niem d l giai ay dan den vi|e tiiy tien chSm bai TLV eiia hpc sinh Chiing ta phli d i n d i n thay d l i each nghT nhu trgn bdi vl ^ 3 thye ehSt dd la sy khdng edng bang, thilu ehinh xae, thieu khoa hpc va khdng tdn trgng quS lao ddng ciia hge sinh 1.Z Cacyeucaukhiehamiial TrQdc hit can phdi xae dinh cac li§u chi danh gii bii lim cua hgc sinh Tieu chf duge xay dung tren ed sd ydu d u eiiadl bai v l ndi dung kien thUc va ren luyen kTnang vietvan ban, phUdng phap lam bai Sd dT phai xay dyng tieu chf danh gia eho tUng bai TLV vl mdi bai van la mdt budc the hien yeu eau giao dye rdn luyen dugc ehUdng trinh hda theo tQng kieu bai nhat djnh Thye eae lieu chf cQng da dugc mdi gido vien xay dyng eh^m bai nhUng ed t h i each xay dyng tUng tieu chf, tUng thang dilm moi thay d giao la khdng thdng nhat dan d i n viec danh gia hge sinh ed the la khdng ddng deu eCing mdt trinh dd Vide thdng nhit tieu chi cham bai (hudng dan cham) cd the tranh dUde tlnh trgng chim bai theo cam tinh Khi chim biigiko vien eung can can oQ vao nhQng yeu to bien nhat eOa hpc sinh trpng cdng mdt Idp de tiep tyc ren luyen cho cac em NhQng yeu td dupe giao vien bd mdn due ket qua cac bai lam trUde, nhd dd ma giao vien ed the thay dugc sai sdt bien de tiep tyc sifa chQa khdng eh? mdt bai lam ma ea qua trinh dgy hge Ben egnh dd moi bai lam cung tap trung vao mdt sd trpng dilm ren luyen nhat djnh, Nhu vay la ben cgnh vide chO •^ loi biln, ta cung phai tap trung vao vigc rdn luyen eae yeu d u kiln thUc, kTnang eg the Ddi vdi tUng bai lam eu the ciia hpc sinh, giao vien lai phai theo ddi nhQng chd y l u nhit d l tilp lye udn nan, rgn luyen, Cham mdt bai van vUa la eham theo ygu d u chung cho ea Idp, dong thdi lai d n ehii y den yeu d u ndng d tQng hgc sinh 1.3 Vi Oial dg cda giao wen chim bai Ch^m bai van khdng nen chim theo kieu thu - i/fnghTa la ch? dgc phin md bai va kit bai d l danh gia va cho diem Khdng ndn chim theo dinh kien va I n tugng vdi hpe sinh Dieu d l d i n d i n viee khdng thay dugc sy tien bd ciia hpc slnh yeu, eai hay cDa hgc sinh trung binh- kha, sy chii quan ciia hge sinh kha - gici Khdng nen td rd sy che bai tren bai lam hpc slnh Thay vap dd la nhQng ldi nh|in xdt danh gia, ehi chd sai cy t h i Cd t h i dung ki hieu da dugo qui udc de nhIc nhd, nhDng kf hieu oQng gitip cho giao vien d l dang tdng hgp nhUng sai sdt d l nhan xet, danh gia ehung ve bai lam ciia d Idp mdt lugt lam bai 1.4 Ve Idi phe Cham bai xong phal ghi tdi nhan xet ey t h i Ldi nhan xet phai t h i hign hai phan: khen va che Phai thay dugc sai sdt lieu bilu nhat, phai thIy dude eae em cd tiln bd hay chua d l ed hudng phan dau d bai lam sau Ldi phe bai lam phai an d n chu dao Tranh nhQng ldi nhan xgt chung ehung, it bd Ich, ch? mang tfnh xIp logi nhU: cdn yeu, kha, thudng, gidi, _ Tranh nhQng Idi phd thilu tran trpng, thieu tinh khich le 1.5 Vi ghl diem Thudng thi gfao vien ed t h i ghi diem sau da dpc, nhan xet tdng hgp ve bai lam, cd ddi chieu vdi nhQng bai lam trudc Dilm so la kit qua cudi edng ciia bai lam, cCia vile cham bai Diem sd tat nhien phai tuan theo nhQng tieu chi danh gia 34! ã*ô dugc dat nKung cung can xem xet theo tinh hinh chung eiia d Idp va dae thu ciia mdt sd hge sinh can dupe quan tam dung mUc To chijfc thMc hign tiet trS bai Day la phan trgng tam, Mdt gid tra bii cung d n dugc chuin bj ehu dao tren giao an theo mdt tien trinh sU phgm d n thilt Qua thue te dgy hpc bd mdn, tdi dOc rdt qui trinh tdi Uu sau day d l tilt tra bai cd the dat dugc hi#u qua eao nhat: Hogt dpng 1: Neu nhQng yeu d u chinh eiia bai lam Can cU vao nhQng dQ kidn ve d l bai v l tinh hinh lam bai ciia hpc sinh, giao vien xae djnh eae yeu d u cy t h i v l kiln thQe, tu tudng, kT nang, phUdng phap, NhQng ydu d u dd phSi dugc giao viln cdng bd de djnh hudng cho hpe sinh danh gia k i t qua lam bai ciia ea Idp va cOa ban than hpc sinh, Hogt dpng 2: Xay dyng dan bai mau Myc dieh eiia viee xay dyng dan bai miu la d l ca Idp riit kinh nghidm v l ndi dung va phUdng phap lam bai TQng hpe sinh qua dd ed the tU mlnh nit kinh nghidm chd dugc, chd chUa dupe eiia mlnh qua bai lam Nen danh thdi gian eho hpe sinh thac mac ve dan bai mau, Cd t h i chp hpc sinh chdp dan bai mau d l hpc t|p va ty sQa bai d nha Hogt dpng 3: Tong kit tinh hinh lam bai CLia hge sinh Khi tdng kit ve tinh hinh Jam bai ciia hpe sinh d n ndu dupe: - Tmh than, thai dd ciia hpe sinh lam bai - Nhi3ng Qu diem va nhUpe diem ehinh - NhQng ca nhan dang bilu dUdng - NhQng hien tugng dang chu y - Ket qua chung eCia ck ldp va ciia ca nhan tieu bilu Khi td chQc hogt ddng giao vien ndn cd thai khen nhieu hdn che Neu la cha eung nen an can, nhe nhang d l eae am hpc slnh yeu khdi cd mac cam v l sy ylu kdm eiia b&n than trcng hgc tap bd mdn NgQ van Hogt dOng 4: Tra bai eho hpc sinh Sau hpe sinh da nim dugc ydu cau bai lam va sd bd danh gia bai lam ciia mlnh, giao vign mdi tra bai eho hpc smh, Trudc tra bai, giac vien cung can oKuan bj tu tUdng Chung chp d ldp Day la bUde ma hpe sinh ndn ndng nhit bdi tam If hgc sinh bao gid eung mong mudn bie't dilm so eua bai lam Sau trk bai, giao vidn nen danh thdi gian eho hpc sinh dpc Igi bai lam eiia minh eung nhU eiia eae ban trcng nhdm; xem Igi nhiing chd thay cd giac phe hoac luu y bang myc dd Day la cdng viee can thiet d l hpe sinh chuyen sang mdt hogt ddng khac quan trpng hdn la sCfa ldi bai lam eCia mlnh, eiia bgn Hogt dgng 5: SQa ldi diln hinh Day la mgt nhQng hogt ddng quan trpng eiia tilt \rk bai bdi mye dieh cao nhat cQa gid sCfa bai la phat hien va khic phyc tdn tgi ciia ban than hpc sinh lam van va rut kinh nghiem de sifa chQa cac bai lam sau Viec sifa ldi nen tap trung vao cac mgt sau day a -mmm a) Sai sdt vS ndi dung vi phuang phap lam bii: ' Ldi lge d l : chQa hilu d l ngn sai lge v l ngi dung v i phQdng phap, - Loi Igch de: ehUa xae djnh dung trgng tam yeu d u bii lam - Loi lau de: bd sdt m$t sd yeu d u can thyc hien d l bai b) Sai sdt vd hinh thdc bdi lim: - Nhdm ldi v l dQng tQ, loi ehfnh ta - Nhdm ldi ve viet eau van, dien dgt y - Nhdm l6i ve dogn van, bo cue - Nhdm l5i ve trinh bay bai lam, Khi hudng d i n sifa l5i neu tren, giao vign d n ehuin bj d e dan chQng eg the lay tQ bai lam ciia hgc sinh Tranh ndi chung chung thieu tinh eg the se khdng ed tac dyng sifa ldi cho hgc sinh Cd the td chQe hogt ddng nhdm nhd d l hpe sinh cClng thao luan, phat hidn va neu hudng giai quylt Sau giao vign hUdng d i n sQa bai ehung, cho hpe sinh trao ddi bai lam nhdm d l ciing dpc va rut kinh nghldm Cd t h i eho eae em cham bai ciing eh? d c sai d t bai lam va ghi vao phiiu hgc tap hpac vd bai tap Giao vign eOng nen danh thdi gian cho hpe sinh n&u lgn nhQng thic mac ve bai lam ciia minh, cQa cae bgn nhdm, ke d nhQng thae mac v l diem s6 Giao vign cd t h i chii dpng d i n vdi mdt vai em ma minh biet rang nhQng em dd ed nhOng v i n de can thae mac hay that vpng Hogt dgng 6: Dpc bai van tieu bilu Cd t h i dpc mdt vai dogn van hay, ndu mgt vai y hay ho|c dgc d bai van tigu bieu tOy theo tinh hinh ldp hgc Sau dgc cd t h i eho hpc sinh nhan xet danh gia v l bii van, dogn van l y d l cae em cCing hge tgp Khi thyc hign hpgt ddng nay, khdng ndn tap trung vao mdt sd hpc sinh gidi ciia ldp ma cdn ehQ ^ vko ca nhQng em trung binh, kha nhung cd tiln bg lam bai de khuyin khich ddng vidn hpc sinh.Giao vien khdng neu ten hge sinh d bai Viet ma giao vien da dgo chp d ldp nghe Hogt dgng 7: Cimg cd, dan dd Ciing cd cho hge sinh ve phupng phdp thyc hign kilu bai Nhan mgnh nhQng ygu c i u quan trgng viee tgo l$p van ban Tong k i t cae loi sai bien cd ban d l nit kinh nghlgm, Khi thyc hien theo quy trinh vao thyc t l dgy hpe eiia bin than Tdi thIy vdi each l i m da phat huy tlnh hieu qui v l nhieu mat, ey t h i nhU sau: - Hgc sinh cd hUng thii hdn gid hgc, - Hieu qua sQa bai eao hdn - Chit lugng bai lam duge nang lgn IV KET LUAN Qui trinh cham bai, tra bai la qui trinh kT thuat, ti m?, edng , phu gan liln vdi tinh than trach nhiem, lUdng t i m nghi nghi§p, tlnh ygu thUdng qui trpng qua lao ddng sang tgo ciia giao vien ddi vdi hpc sinh.Viee thyc hien tilt t r i bai \6 bg mdn thdng nhat theo qui trinh tren cd the xem la tilu chuan xIp loai tilt dgy - ddi vdi tiet t r i bai ... dgy hge Ben egnh dd moi bai lam cung tap trung vao mdt sd trpng dilm ren luyen nhat djnh, Nhu vay la ben cgnh vide chO •^ loi biln, ta cung phai tap trung vao vigc rdn luyen eae yeu d u kiln... cae em cCing hge tgp Khi thyc hign hpgt ddng nay, khdng ndn tap trung vao mdt sd hpc sinh gidi ciia ldp ma cdn ehQ ^ vko ca nhQng em trung binh, kha nhung cd tiln bg lam bai de khuyin khich ddng... ban than hpc sinh lam van va rut kinh nghiem de sifa chQa cac bai lam sau Viec sifa ldi nen tap trung vao cac mgt sau day a -mmm a) Sai sdt vS ndi dung vi phuang phap lam bii: '' Ldi lge d l :