su DUNG H i mile HOAT ODNG NGOAI KHOA NHAM NANG CAO HUNGTHUiCTA ThS H O A N G TH! BICH NGUYET* NGUYEN THj THUY" Abstract Extracurricular activity is one of teaching activities in schools that compleme[.]
su DUNG H i mile HOAT ODNG NGOAI KHOA NHAM NANG CAO HUNGTHUiCTA ThS H O A N G TH! BICH NGUYET* - N G U Y E N THj THUY" Abstract: Extracurricular activity is one of teaching activities in schools that complements, inculcates and widens knowledge of the formal programs Also, ways of organizing and contents of the extra curricular activities have especially important roles in development of personality, practice of cognitive ability and increase of interest in learning for students majoring in most of the subjects including Chemistry Keywords: Extracurricular activity Chemistry, interest In learning, student D e dap dng yeu cau doi mdi can ban, toan dien GD-DT, qua trinh day hoc, giao vien (GV) can giiip hpc sinh (HS} phat huy tinh tich cue, chu dpng nhan thde, phat trien tu sang tao va dae biet la tao hdng tiiii hpc tap (HTHT} cho cae em Trong day hpe, HTHT eua H S cd the dupe tao nen vdi nhleu bien phap khac nhau, nhu: ttidng qua eac phuong tien day hpc; ttiue hien ttiu phap tam li; khaitiiackien thuc li ttiu; kich tiiich sutdmocuaHS Thuc tien cho ttiay, gidhpc chinh khda khong cho phep GV tmyen dat het tat ca cae kien thdc chuong trinh Khidd,/Joa/i?pn^n50a//f/ida(HDNK) se bosung va hd trp cho gidhpc chinh khoa, giup HS eung ed, dao sau, mdrpn^ kien thuc, ren luyen cae kT nang can thiet (kTnang to chdc, dieu khien, iam viec theo nhom, ) Ngoai ra, HDNK cdn tao HTHT, khoi day susay me hpc tap, phat huy kha nang tu hpc cung nhutinh tieh cue eua HS Bai vietdeeap viee su dung hinh thdc HDNK nham nang cao HTHT mdn Wda/joccho HS dtrung hpc phottidng Mpt so van deli luan /./.WtrngF/ftu Ape fap.Hungthudupc eoi lamdt CO che ben trong, subieu hien ciia dpng CO thuc day quatrinh nhan ttiiic cua ngudi HTHT cdtae dung nang cao tinh tich cue, tu giac va lam tang hieu qua cua qua trinh nhan thde; tao su say me tim tdi nghien euu, nhu cau can hieu ve mpt finh vuc, mpt bp mdn khoa hpe nao ^ HTHT cd y nghTa rat ldn dd'i vdi hoat ddng hpc tap ciia ngudi hpc, la mpttrong nhdng dpng It/c tiiuc day hoat dpng nhan thdc cua ngudi hpe de dat dupe ket qua cao Vi v|y, mpttrong nhdng yeu cau su pham quan trpng cua GV la can hinh ttianh va phat trien HTHT cho HS nhim nang cao chat lupng day hpc 36 Tap chi Gide due so 369 1.2.1'a/frdcuaffOW/f.HDNKIahoatdpngdugc to chde ngoai gid hpc chinh khda dtren Idp, la mot nhdng hoatdpng giao due quan trpng dtrudng thong Hoatdong nham hd frp cho gidhpc chinh khda, gdp phan phattrien va hoan tiiien nhan each, boidudng nang khieu va phat trien tt;duy sang tao eho HS Npi dung HDNK rat phong phu va da dang, nhd do, cac kien ttiut HS da tiep ttiu dupc d fren Idp coco hpi dupc van dung Cling cova mdrmg HDNK cd mpt so vai tro chinh sau: - Cung eo, bo sung va hoan thien he ttiong kien thdc cho HS; -Tao CO hpi de HS vgn dyng nhi!hig kien thdc da hpc vao thuc tien eupc song, thuc hien phuong cham "hpc di ddi vdi hanh", "li thuyet gan lien vdi thuc tiln"; • Ren luyen dupc nhleu kTnang, thdiquen can thietcho HS, giup cac em phat huy tinh tich cue, chii dpng qua trinh hpe tap; - Tao dieu kien de phat hien, boi dudng cho nhdng HS cd nang khieu; - La san choi boieh,lithuchoHS De xuat mpt so hinh thuc dupc s u dgng HDNK m o n Hoa hoc dtrung hoc phothong nhiim nang cao HTHT cho IHS 2.1 Su dung tha ca: N h i m giup HS ghi nhd hda tti, nguyen ti) khoi cua eae nguyen to GV cdthe eho HS hpc thupe hai bai sau:-'Ba/ca/jdaft;/':Hidfo Cling vdi liti/ Natri eung vdi kali chang rdi/ Ngoai bac sang ngdi/ Chi mang hda trj thdi chd nham/ Rieng ddng eung vdi tiiuy ngan/ Thudng II it I chd phan van gi/Da thay 11, IV lachi/Dien hinh hoatticOa ehi la 11/ Bao gid cung hda fri 11/ La oxi, kem ching sai chut gi/ Ngoai cdn cd canxi/ Magie cung vdi bar! 'Tnrdng Dai hpc Tay Bac ** K53, Tnffing llai hoc Tay B^c (kil-11/2015) m6tntia/Bo,nh6mthih6atrilll ;-"Sa/i;anju/en(i/ tu): + Bang protein dang hinh cau co long tang tttidf Hidro la 1,12 cot Cacbon/ NBo 14 tron, Oxi tning co ten ggi la gi? (Abumin): + Nguyen to nao co trlng 16/Natri hay lau tau, nhay 16123/Khien Magie kha nang lao duac nhleu hap chat nhat? (Cacbon): gan nha/ Ngam ngui nhan 24/27 Nhom la Icm/Luu + Nguyen to'nao atrang thai tin duac tim thay sdrn huynh gianh 32/ Khac ngucti that la tai/ Cio ba nham nhat? (Vang):+ Nguyen to'nhan tao co tuoithdngin nia (35,5)/ Kali thich 39, Canxi Hep 40/ Nam nham nhatthuocothiibao nhleu irong Bang tuan hoan? (6 110): + Trang thai thd tu cua chat (ngoai trang thai Mangan ci/di/SMay mi: 56/64 dong noi cau Co mpl so kien thijrc khong kho nhung lai d i gay rin, long, hdi) cd ten goi la gi? (Plasma) nham lan nhu: phan Lfngoxi hoa khiiva day dien hoa; 2.3 To chiic tro chai "6 chti" qua trinh day hoc se d§ dang hon si) dung cau Tro chpio chir CO Ihedijng mpt bai hoc, mpl "Khi- cho, O - niian Bigi, sr/na/'lchat khir la chat chuong, hay dung cac HONK nham bao quat cho electron, chal oxi hoa la chat nhan electron; chatloan bp kien thilc Irong chuong trinh sach giao khoa bi oxi hoa Iham gia qua Irinh khu, ctial khi}tham gia hay kham pha them nhiing kien thiic mdi Co nhieu quatrinh oxi hoa) each choi tro choi chir nhu: tim ttr hang dpe, tim Denh6day hoatdong hoa hpc cua kim loai gom: chiim chia khoa theo dudng zigzag, 'K, Ca, Na, Mg Ai, Zn, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, H, Cu, Hg, Ag, Pt, Au; HS CO the dung cau tho sau: 'Khican nangmayaogiapsitnhdsangphohoicOahangA PhiAu" Khi hpc danh phap hOu co, deghi nholen cua 10 ankan dau lien la: metan, etanpropan, butan,pentan, hexan,heptan,octan,nonan,decan,HSc6^edung cac cau sau: "Meemphaibon phan hoa hocangoai dong"hay "me em phai bietptio hang hoa oi ngudi dep" HS cothe nhdsonguyen tu cacbon tuong ung v(S cac chi?cai sau: "E-2;bu-4;pro-3;pent-5;hex-6; ia heptan; thi^S ten goioctan; nonan thi}9;decan Vidu:T\m chuhang dpe blng eachttaIdl nhdng thiitO" eau hoi sau: 1) Ten nha hoa hgc Ha Lan, ngudi neu De phan biet cac nhom chuc ciia hop chat hiru len hien tugng dong phin cis • trans cua cac hep chat CO, HS c6th_§'hpc thupc cac cau Ihosau: Nhom dinhhOu Cff CO iien ketdoi (Van-hop); 2) La phan ung co chiic that lim thay/- OH ia mau, -O- ete/-c6o- sucho nhan electron giOa cac chitphan ikig (oxi hoa dungesteZ-COOHvephechatnao/Axitdinhdlam khu); 3) Ten hoa hgc ciia Vitamin C (Axit ascobi); sao/Nhom -CO-iai vao gan xeton/Bac biet hay nhd 4) Nguyen to nao co kha nangteonhieu hip chit phenol/Phenyl gin vdi goc ol dieu id/Andehit - nhai (Cacbon); 5) Khiginhenhat?(Hkiro);6) Phuang^ cacbonyt/Aminchatayhaynhf'n-NH^ phap thong thudng nao dugc dung detach cac chat 2.2 Si/dijng cau do': -Do "06 la chat gi?": + Bolong CO nhiit soi khac nhieu? (Chung cit); 7) Hien tutmg khiPH^ colan P/i^ tao nen va co cac ban biet duac: Ten cua lata gi?/Chi can nhae deh td/Day tocden miing vui(Wonfam);+ Khigieothat thuc te(Ma trai) ten goi/ Til mat trdi ma ra/ Khi hiem nhung chang 2.4 Tochuc lam thi nghiem vui hiem/Ngoaivutnjbaola (Khihel);+ Bon 'Hafvaya Trong HDNK, GV nen sudung mdtsd'thi nghiem bon ben/'Ccftiam chinh gida tao nen chatgi?/D6vui, khong nguy hiem va detiit/chien; qua dd, giup HS md rpng kien thdc, say me va cd hdng thu vdi phu lao, thieu nhi/Cong thiic cau tao viet dira lien (Metan): + Huy chuang day dunj thii ba/Sao ten mdn hpc hieudatnhulabetrai/Dinnhietdandiencaotai/LAgi Thinghiem /.'Vetranh bang khdithuoc la HdatanAgNOjtrong nude, lay dungdich ve biet, doai dap lien (Bong) - Sil dung nhiing cau rigjn: + Trong vo Trai len giay mpt bde tranh, de ngoai anh sang matfrdi, nhung net ve trdthanh mau tim Pha dung dich HgCI^, dat, kim bai nao cdnhieu nhat? (Nhom), + Ngadita si dung iihi gi de dap tat dam chay? (Khi COj: roi to len nhdng net ve khien chung bien mat, td giay lai trSng hoan toan Nha tu tu khdi thuoc la vao mot td + Km cuang thuoc loai tinh thegi? (Tinh the nguyen 1 (>nzzr: (kil-11/2015)- 1 Tap chi Gido due so 369 37 giay da chuan bj ttieo cae budc nhu fren, nhdng net vecua mpt buc tranh sedan xuathien Giai thich: AQ\^0^ dudi tae dung cua anh sang mat trdi se phan huy ttianh Ag kim loai, dang bdt min, cd mau den (do sudung dung djch bang nen ed mau tim) 2AgN03->2Ag + N O j + Ag tae dung vdi HgCI^ tao AgCI mau tr^ng (phuong trinh hda hoc: 2Ag + 2HgCl2 -> 2AgCI + Dudi tac dung cua khoi ttiudc la {ttii/c chat la NH3 ed khdi thud'c), xay phan dng tao phuc vaday ttiuy ngan kim toaira Do tiiuy ngan kim loaied mau den nen net ve hiwi mau den Xay eac phan ung hda hoc sau: AgCI + 2NH3 -> Ag(NH3),Ci va Hg^CI^ + NH, ^ Hg + NH^HgCI.HCl Thinghiem 2: Ban ehay tau chien dich Dung loai giay tham nudc de gap mpt chiec tau chien nhd Bo vao tau mau kim loai natri hoac kali eh I to blng hat dd (neu to qua se gay phan dng no}, roi tha vao ehau nudc da dupc nhd vai gipt phenolphtalein khdng mau Sau vai phut, tau se tu dpng boc ehay va nudc ttong ehau ed mau hong loang td eho tau, giong nhu canh tau chien dich bi b^n, mau nhuom ddng song Giai thich: Nudc ngam qua giay va xay phan dng: 2Na + 2H,0 -j-2NaOH + H , t Phan dng tda nhleu nhiet lam cho hidro thoat ti/ boc chay, dong tiidi, NaOH (hoac KOH) tao khiS'n phenolphtalein khdng mau chuyen sang mau hong r/i/np/jffl/n-SDotnudcdachay: Lay m p t n ^ nude dabdvao ong bo tiiap va rpng mieng roi bat diem dot tren mat ong bo Dieu ki la la nudc da boc chay Ca'c/7/am vag/a/r/j/c/j.Trongd'ngbodatsinvai mlueanxieacbua(CaC2}.Khibdnudedavao,CaC3 tac dung vdinudc,giai phdng C^H^ (phuong trinh hda hpc: CaC, + H , ^ C,H, + Ca(OH)j}, Khi CjHj ttioat len mat nudc da, dot nd se chay nen nhin giong nhu nudc dadang chay (phuong trinh hda hpc: 2Cjri^ + 50^ -> 4CO2 + 2Hp) Thuc ttin day hpe chotiiaiy, mpt frong nhtrng yeu to quyet dinh ije'n ketqua hpe tap eua HS hpc r#5n Hoa hocch'mh la si/ hdng ttiu vdi bai hpc cua eac em Ngoai nhdng npi dung tren, G V ed the sd dung them nhdng npi dung khac nhu: thi che tao dung day hpc, thi ttiuyet minh ve mot van de khoa hpc hda hpc, ke chuyen ve cac nha bac hpc hay tim hieu ve sir phat trien ctia cong nghe khoa hpc hoa hoc, nh^m lam tang kha nang tir va finh hoi kien thdc eua H S a Tdi li@u tham khao Trinh Win Biiu G i i n g d^y hda h^c & trumig phli thflng NXB Dgi hoc Qudc gia TP Hd Chi Minh, 2003 Ha Tht? NgO - Dang VQ Hoal Giao due h^c (tjip 1) HXB Gido due, H 1987 NguySn XuSn Tni&ng Nhimg di£u If thii cua hoa hoc NXB Gido d(tc, H 2006 Nguygn XuSn Trucrng Hoa hpc vui NXB Hd N$i H 2009 THE LE VIET V A CUI BAI Noi d u n g bai viSt thuoc cSc Ifnh vtfc: - Quan li giao due; - Tam li hpc - sinh if hpc Ida tuo'i; - Li luan giao due; -Ll luan day hpc; - Giao due nudc ngoai; v.v Bai vi^t: - Mdi bai vilt khong q u i trang, kho A4; phong chd Times New Roman (Unicode), cd chd 14 - Ten bai bao va torn t3t nOi dung b ^ bio trinh bay blng thtf ti6ng: tigng Viet va tilng Anh - Tac gia gdi bdn iti bai viet v^ t^p tin bai viet din Toa soan (theo dia ch! Ban biSn tap ghi tren trang muc luc cua T^p chQ - ChiJ thich bai danh s6 theo thd ti/ Kuk hien - Tiii lieu tham khao va chii thicli ghi fl cuoi bai (trinh tU: tgn tk gii - ten sach/bii bao/ van ban phap quy - nha xuat ban - nOi vS n5m xuat ban) - Toa soan khong tra lai bai vilt nlu kh6ng dupc ttang De tien lien h§, tdc gia cin gjii rd dja chi cong tac, so di^n thoai, email vao cuoi bai TAP CHI GIAO DUC 38 Tap chi Gido due so 369 •(kil-11/2015) ... cau Tro chpio chir CO Ihedijng mpt bai hoc, mpl "Khi- cho, O - niian Bigi, sr/na/''lchat khir la chat chuong, hay dung cac HONK nham bao quat cho electron, chal oxi hoa la chat nhan electron; chatloan... ctial khi}tham gia hay kham pha them nhiing kien thiic mdi Co nhieu quatrinh oxi hoa) each choi tro choi chir nhu: tim ttr hang dpe, tim Denh6day hoatdong hoa hpc cua kim loai gom: chiim chia... Cff CO iien ketdoi (Van-hop); 2) La phan ung co chiic that lim thay/- OH ia mau, -O- ete/-c6o- sucho nhan electron giOa cac chitphan ikig (oxi hoa dungesteZ-COOHvephechatnao/Axitdinhdlam khu);