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BUI KY MOT NHA GIAO TIEU BIEU CUA VIET NAM TRONG THE Kl XX NGUYfiN VAN KHANH* NGUYEN THI HOP" Bui Ky (1887 1960) tU la Uu Thidn, hidu la Td ChUdng, ngxtbi xa Chfiu Cdu, tdng Phu Dam, huyen Kim Bang, p[.]
BUI KY - MOT NHA GIAO TIEU BIEU CUA VIET NAM TRONG THE Kl XX NGUYfiN VAN KHANH* NGUYEN THI HOP" B ui Ky (1887 - 1960) tU la Uu Thidn, hidu la Td ChUdng, ngxtbi xa Chfiu Cdu, tdng Phu Dam, huyen Kim Bang, phu L^ Nhan, tinh Ha Ndi (nay lfi phd Chfiu C4u, phudng LUdng Khanh Thi^n, TP Phu L^, tinh Hfi Nam) Ong lfi mdt nhan v^t ldn cua lich sd Vidt Nam the' ki XX, hoat dpng tren nhieu linh vi^c: giao due, van chUdng, each mang, nghidn cdu van hda NhUng cd le di san ldn nhfi't mfi dng dl lai cho efic thd' hp dUdng thdi vfi hau thd' lfi tfi'm giidng mfiu muc ve ph^m chfi't vfi Idng ydu nghd' cua mpt nha sti pham tai danh Hai l a n " h o a n lp" khi^dc tui dtfdng Sinh va ldn len tren manh dfi't Chau Ciu, mdt gia dinh cd truyen thong khoa bang ndn t d nhd, Bui Ky da dupe tid'p nh^in vdh kid'n thdc Nho hpc sau rdng tiJf dng ndi Bdi Vfin Que' va ngiidi cha la Bui Thdc Ngofii ra, eung gid'ng nhU nhid'u tri thdc khac cua giai do^in ndy, dng da ehiu sU anh hudng cila hai nd~n gifio due: Giao due Nho hoc vfi giao due Phap - Vidt, ndn ngoai hpc chQ Nho, Bui Ky eon tich eUc tim hpc chQ Qud'c ngd va chd Phap K^ thi HUdng nfim 1909 la nam diu tidn ap dp.ng Chi du cai cfich thi HUdng, thi Hdi vua Thanh Thai ban hanh (1) Do cd von kie'n thdc Nho hpc vfi Tfiy hpc ndn tai ki thi nfiy, Bdi Ky da vUpt qua nhidu si td khfic dd trd mdt sd' 50 Cd nhan cua trifdng thi Hfi Nam Nfim 1910, dng vfio Hud' thi Hdi vfi thi Dinh, va dd Phd bang mdi 23 tud'i (2) Hdu hd't cac nho si dat cung ddt vdi dng deu ldm quan phuc vu tri^u dinh nhU: Tid'n si VUdng HQu Phu (ngudi Nghd An) gid chdc Thda chl trudng H^u bd, Tie'n si Nguyin Hfim (ngiidi Quang Tri) gid chdc Thda chi, Tdng sU trudng H^u bo, Phd bang Nguyin Hdi (ngudi Ha Tinh) lam Tri huyen Nam Dan, Phd bang Vu Hanh (ngUdi Quang Nam) iam Tri phu Ham Thufin (3) Cdn Phd bang Bdi Ky lai td chd'i chdc Hufi'n dao (4), mpt quyd't dinh trfii hfin vdi le thong thudng vfio thdi dd Ly true tid'p diia dd'n quydt dinh nfiy cua Bui Ky chinh la vi dng npi vfi cha da gifi yeu, nhUng nguydn nhan sau xa lfi dng khdng mudn lfim quan hofin canh dfi't ntidc da hi thUc dan Phfip dd hd "GS.TS Trudng DHKHXH&NV - DHQG HN " Hpc vidn cao hpc Khoa Lich sd, TrUdng DHKHXH&NV - DHQG HN Rghien cdu Lieh stt sd 11.2015 Nam 1911, Bui Ky sang Phap hpc tai Tnidng Thudc dia (Ecole Coloniale) (5) Khoang diu nam 1913, dng ve niidc vfi dUdc Tda Thdng sd Bfic K;^ cd gid chdc Tufin phu (6) nhieu Ifin nhung dng ddu td chdi Dieu mdt Un nQa khang dinh tam nguydn cua dng mudn sd'ng mdt cuoc ddi bach, khdng mang tdi quydn chdc, danh lpi Cd t h i ndi, viec hai lin td c h ^ eon dudng "hoan Id" da tao nga re quan trpng cudc ddi va sii nghipp cua Bui Ky Hda minh vao phong trao thUc nghidp dang sdi nd'i ciia tri thdc Viet Nam nhdng nam dfiu thd ki XX, dng quyd't dinh budc vfio dudng kinh doanh thUc nghidp NhUng hoat ddng san xufi^t kinh doanh khdng dat dupe ket qua, lai ed nhdng hofii bao rieng, ndn vfio nfim 1915, dng da di sang Trung Qucfc mong tim mdt hudng di phd hpp T r d t h a n h m o t n h a giao m a u miic Sau sang Trung Qudc dUpc hai nfim, Bui Ky vd nUdc Vdi trinh dp hpc vfi'n sau r^ng, dng hoan toan cd the liia chpn nhdng vi tri nghd nghidp cao xa hdi Tuy nhidn, la ngudi thieh phdng khofing, Ua hoat ddng tii nen Bui Ky da chpn nghe sU pham Thdi gian dfiu, dng td chdc day hpc t?i qud nha Nfim 1917, Tofin quydn Ddng DUdng Albert Sarraut thuc hidn cai each giao due, eho phdp tang cac trudng hpc cung nhu sd lUdng hpe sinh, sinh vien theo hpc Trong didu kidn do, Bui Ky da quyet dinh rdi que hUdng Hfi Nam Ha Npi day hpc Ong day Han van va Vipt van tai Trudng Cao dfing Phfip chinh (7) va Cao dfing Su pham (8) Mac du moi tu^n cac trudng chi td chdc day Viet van vfii gid hpc nhQng cae budi hpc cua t h i y Bui Ky vin d l lai fi'n tQdng sau sac doi vdi cae thd' he hpc trd, dfic bidt lfi doi vdi sinh vien Trudng Cao dfing Su pham Ddng DUdng Trong thdi gian dau boat ddng cua TrUdng, giang vidn phfin ldn lfi ngUdi Phap, Bui Ky luc la giang vidn ngUdi Viet nhfi^t Giao sii Nguydn Lan (9) nhd lai: Trudng "C6 tfi't ca 13 giao sU, mfi chi ed mdt ngudi Vidt Nam la cu Phd bang Bdi Ky" (10) Khdng nhiing thd', t h i y Ky cdn ndi tidng bdi phong each ridng Trong lieh sd ndn giao due Vidt Nam hdn mUdi the ki, da ehdng kidn nhidu phong cfich day hpc rfi't la thudng, nhu Thdy Su Lp ed each day hpe ngofii dudng, Thfiy Nhd PhQdng day eac mdn khoa hpc ft phd bien, edn thfiy Biii Ky lai day theo ldi k;^ hop ddng tQng nfim chd khdng vfio bidn che cua nha nUdc bao hd NhU vfiy, trUdc sau nhu mpt, Thiy vfin mudn dUdc la ngUcli tii do, khdng mudn dinh liu ddn chinh quydn thiic dan Phap cho du cdng vide day hpp ddng cd p h i n bfi'p benh hdn so vdi day bien chd Ngofii viec giang day tai cac trUdng cao dfing, td khoang nam 1932 trd di, Bdi Ky edn tham gia giang day b cac trUdng tU thuc, dd gfin bd nhat vdi TrUdng tU thue Thdng Long TrQdng Hoang Minh Giam eiing vdi mot so' nha tri thdc dUdng thdi nhQ Phan Thanh, Dfing Thai Mai, Dfing Vu Xich, Pham HQu Nmh Ifip trdn cd sd nang cfi'p vfi mb rong TrQdng tu thuc Thang Long eu Pham HQu Ninh quan ly Thiie chfi't, day lfi tfip hdp mdt sd nha tri thdc ed tinh thfin yeu nUde vfi cd thai dp phan khfing doi vdi chd thuc dfin dQdng thdi Hp quyet dinh mfl trudng day hpc de td dd truyen ba tU tudng cda minh eho cac the hd tre TrUdng da mcii nhieu tri thdc yeu nude tham gia giang d^y nhu Phan Thanh, Nguyin Ba Hue, Phan My, Khufi't Duy Cac, Vd Nguyen Giap, Nguyin Xien, Nguydn Cao Luydn, Phan Anh, Nguyin Lan, Vu Dinh Hod , va ca Phd bang Bui Ky Dieu nfiy khdng cd gi kh6 hieu bdi Thfiy Bui Ky vdn ndi tid'ng lfi ngUdi Bdi Kt - mat nhA giAo Heu bieu cda Viet Ram cd kie'n thdc uydn tham, chuin miic md pham, tinh tinh cUdng tri;lc, ydu nUde ndn dQpc Nha tnidng hd't sdc tin tQdng Trdn cQdng vi la mdt ngUdi thiy, Bui Ky da dem het tai sdc, tri tud eua minh de gdp p h i n vfio mue tidu chung cua tofin dan tpe Ong da de lai nhidu fi'n tUdng tdt dep long eac thd' he hpe sinh, sinh vidn, ddng nghidp Thiy Hofing Gia Linh, giao vidn Trudng tQ thuc Thfing Long td nam 19381945 vfin nhd ngQdi ban ddng nghidp Bui Ky CO tfnh tinh hfii hudc, lai am hilu Nho gifio (11) Cdn doi vdi Vu Ngpc Khanh (12), Thiy Ky la mpt ngQdi iQu tam gid gin ndt vfin hda truyen thd'ng each dipn trang phuc rfi't g i n giii, gian di vdi "chide khan den dpi dfiu, cfii fio dai trfing, gida bao nhidu t h i y gifio tre Au phue chQng chac, hinh anh t h i y Bui Ky lfi hinh anh eon ngUci nho nha, ung dung, gpi nhd dd'n nhdng vi ton sQ thdi nho hpc " (13) Ong Hodng Van Mdn (14) cd ke vdi chdng tdi cau ehuypn ma dng dQpc nghe ngudi ddi ndi vd t h i y Bui Ky nhU sau: Hdi t h i y Bui Ky edn giang day tai Hfi Ndi, cd ten Chfinh vfin phdng phu Thdng sd Bfic Ky lfi Alphonse theo hpc ldp Vidt vfin dng phu trach, vdi ^ dd hoa nhfip ngdn ngQ Viet de d^ bd cai tri, bde Idt ngQdi ban xd Sip tdi ky thi man khoa, han ed dd'n ndi ridng vdi dng xin dQdc giup dd mdn thi vfi'n dfip Thiy Bdi Ky ndi vdi anh ta: "Vfio ky vfi'n dap, nd'u tdi c6 hdi gi, anh cd nhfic lai dung cau toi hdi" Dd'n anh nfiy vfio thi, t h i y Ky dat cau hoi: "Em gfii cua vp gpi bang ^?" Oai ofim thay, anh ldng tdng khdng bid't tra ldi Bi trQpt k^ thi, mdi dd'n gfip vfi traeh ed t h i y Bui Ky, thi t h i y didm tinh nhfic lai cfiu mfi t h i y dfi ndi cho tQ hdm trQde TQ dd, khdng dfin: de'n xin dilm t h i y Bdi Ky nQa Theo tfic gia, mpt p h i n vi n l vidn quan Thdng sQ, p h i n vi tinh cam t h i y trd ndn Bui Ky nhan ldi gidp dd va da d^t mdt eau hdi kiem tra ddn gian eho Alphonse Tuy vfiy, qua vide dat mot eau hoi "vda d l vda khd" nhQ vay ddi vdi mot hpe sinh ngoai qudc eho thd'y sQ nghiem nghi ma cung ra't tham thuy cua t h i y Bui Ky, khid'n hpe trd du c6 bi danh trQdt vfin phai tam phijc khfiu phue Dieu ndi bfit nhfi't d Thiy Bui Ky chinh la sii uyen tham vd Hfin vfin va Vidt vfin, ndi nhu Giao sQ Dfing Thai Mai thi Thiy lfi bfic "Han, Phfip tinh thdng" Qua tQng bai giang eua thiy, bao the' hd hpc sinh, sinh vidn da dQdc vun dap tinh yeu doi vdi tid'ng Vidt, vdi nen van hda dan tdc Dd cung ehinh la tfim nguydn, tran trd ldn nhfi't cua Thiy bdi hdn hdt, Thiy Ky hilu rfi't ro fim mUu nd dieh van hda eua thiic dan Phfip tai eae nQdc thupc dia (trong dd cd Vidt Nam) Trong bao cao tai Hdi nghi thudc dia nam lS06 cd doan vid't: "Giao due lfi mdt cdng cu chac chan vfi manh nhfi't tay ngUdi di ehinh phuc Chung ta (tdc lfi ngQdi Phfip) phai lfim cho hp (tQc lfi ngtidi Ddng DQdng) tidm nhilm tQ tQdng cua chdng ta, day cho hp bid't tie'ng ndi cua ehdng ta vfi, dd, phai bat d i u iam vide td nha trQdng, trUdc hd't la cho tre em" (15) Do vay, nd'u ngQdi Vidt Nam ta khdng sang sudt vide dao tao the' he tre thi ra't de ldm ma't di ndn tang cfin ban, truydn thd'ng cpi ngudn eua dan tdc Doi vdi Thiy, giang day Viet vdn va Han vfin luc fi'y Ifi iQa chpn mdt phUdng tipn giup cae hpe trd sinh trudng che' dd thUe dan, dang di vfio Tfiy hpc, ed nguy cd bi c i t ddt lien hd vdi eae gia tri tinh t h i n truyen thdng cua cha dng, cd the gin giQ va phat trien long ydu nudc, y thde dfin tpc Cd the thfi'y, b mat nfiy, Bui Ky cd chung tQ tQdng, each nghi vdi Nguyin Ai Qudc, bdi NgQdi tQng ndu: "ThQc dan Phfip lai cdtfim huy bd Han hpe, vi chdng thfi'y la nguy hiem cho sii Rghien cdu Lieh sd sd ll.gQlS thdng tri eua ehdng, vi chung bidt rfing, Hfin hpe ed the dQa vao Viet Nam nhQng tu tudng"tie'n bp phQdng Tay thdng qua Trung Qudc va Nhfit Ban " (16) Khi giang day Vidt vfin, Bui Ky khdng chi day eho sinh vidn nhiing kidn thde cd ban vd Hch sd hinh thfinh vfi qua trinh phat trie'^n cda tie'ng Viet, eac phUdng phfip nghien cdu vfin hpe Viet Nam mdt each cd h? thd'ng ma cdn giao due cho hp y thdc ve triich nhiem eua ngUdi trf thdc doi vdi vide giQ gin tid'ng me de Ve p h i n van hoc ehd Han, nhieu nha van nQdc ta va mot vai nha nghien cQu ngQdi Phap cho ring, cae tac pham cua bao nhidu nhfi nho Vidt Nam xUa deu chi Id nhdng thd phim cua eae the loai van chQdng Tau, thi thiy Bui Ky lai lUu y cac sinh vidn ve tinh dpc dao cua mpt sd nhfi van Viet Nam ndi tid'ng hay chQ, nhfi't lfi vd nhQng de tfii, nhdng chu de ed npi dung dac sfic Viet Nam Nhd vfiy, sinh vidn da bfit diu "chu y den van thd thdi ki d i u cda nha Ly, nhfi Trin, thdi ky mfi theo Cu, nho giao chUa chidm dUdc dia vi dpc tdn va hpc khoa cd chua phai lfi "khudn vfing thUde ngpc" cua hpc thufit nude nha" (17) Nhd sU uydn thfim cdng them phUdng phap day hpc chu ddng vdi loi d i n dfit thu hut mfi mdi gid giang cua Thiy deu dUdc hpc tro trdng ngdng, yeu thich Ong Vd Thuin Nho (18), ngudi tQng hpc b TrUdng TQ thue Thfing Long da vid't ve ngudi thay day Vidt vfin cua minh nhu sau: 'Tuy moi t u i n chi c6 mdt hai gid vdi Cu ma chung toi trdng chd gid dd den thd va sau mdi gid chdng tdi cdng ydu men tid'ng Viet, tid'ng me de vk cang thfi'y tinh phong phd, trd tinh cua tie'ng Viet chdng ta " (19) Ong Vu Ngpe Khanh eung dfinh cho Thiy Bdi Ky sQ kinh phuc: "Tdi cdng nhfin vdn tri thdc eua t h i y rfi't uydn bac, ca cd kim ddng tfiy, chd khdng phai chi ridng vi nho hpc mfi thdi" (20) Nguydn Van Bien, mpt hpc sinh cua TrQdng Tu thue Thfing Long (nien khda 1937-1941) da bdi hdi nhd ve mdn lich sd cua t h i y Vd Nguyen Gifip, chu nghia nhan van vfi cac quan dilm van hpc tid'n bd cua t h i y Dang Thai Mai Doi vdi mang tie'ng Viet va chQ nho cua thiy Bdi Ky, dng nhfin xdt: "Cac bai giang cua Cu da giup tdi cam thu dQdc p h i n nao cai dpp cua tie'ng Viet vfi them yeu mdn ndn van hpc dan tdc Cp da gay tdi long hdng thd vd cac nen chinh tri qua cae thdi dai, ve cae dng xd cua ngudi xUa, ve cam khai vfi tai hoa cda cac vi tien bdi" (21) Khdng chi gfiy cho hpc sinh tinh yeu nUdc qua tufng bfii giang, Thiy Bui Ky cdn tfin dung mpi cd hdi dd truydn cho hp khat vpng dfi'u tranh vfi cdng hid'n Bid't mdt hoc sinh tdn la Binh (tdc Pham Duy Binh, hoc sinh Trudng TU thuc Thang Long nien khda 1938-1942), Thiy Bdi Ky da ghi vao sd lUu niem cua hpe trd chd nho "Binh thien hg bdt binh" Dd la mdt each gian tid'p t h i y nhac nhd eho eac hpc trd ve trfich nhidm ddi vdi dfi't nUdc giGa nhdng ngfiy ngdt ngat, "mpt ed hai trdng" dUdi ach thd'ng tri cua thue dan Phfip vfi phat xit Nhfit Sau nfiy, Pham Duy Binh vfin thudng tu hao moi nhfic tdi ky niem quy bfiu dd: "Cac ban hpc ldp dUdc xem ldi ghi cho tdi cua thay Bui Ky deu tram trd kham phuc thay: Ddn nhdng eudi khda hpc sfip be giang ma thiy vfin khdng bo Id dip gifio due, nhfic nhd hpc sinh cua minh" (22) Cfich giao due dd cua thiy Ky tudng chuCng dl dang mfi lai rfi't sfiu sfic! Trong dip dUdc phong danh hieu Nha giao Nhan dan, GS Nguyin Lan c6 dip bay td long tri an ddi vdi ngUdi khai tam vd chfl Han cho dng edn nhd lfi cu DUdng Quang Ham rdi de'n eu Bui: O trQdng Cao dfing day vfin ta Cu Ky la gUdng sang thd ba Bui Ky - mdt nha giao tieu bieu cda Viel Ram Phd bang nhQng khinh vdng hoan Id Mong truyen vd'n quy eua dng cha (23) NhQng v i n thd chdn th^t mfi sau sfic cua GS Nguydn Lan dfi p h i n ndo cho thfi'y tinh each, p h i m chfi't va vi tri dac bidt cua t h i y Bdi Ky sQ nghiep gifio due nQdc ta luc bfi'y gid Trong nhdng trang hdi ky cua minh, GS Nguyin Lfin khdng gifi'u giem long men md vfi bid't dn dd'i vdi ngUdi t h i y giao cu da bfiy td: "Tdi vd cung cam dn cu Bui Ky, vi nam, eu da day cho tdi ta't ca lich sd vfin hpe cua nudc nhfi, vdi mpi sU nhipt tinh dfic bidt " (24) Dd cd le cung lfi tam tinh cua nhieu hpc sinh, sinh vidn tdng la hpc trd cua t h i y Bui Ky thd kl XX Ddi vdi hp, dUdc hpc t h i y Ky • mdt n M sQ pham m i u mUe lfi dieu may mfin tronij cudc ddi T h a m gia c d n g t a c q u a n ly gifio due va giang day d b a c dai hoc TrUdc Cfich mang thang Tam 1945, Bui Ky tdng lfi vidn cua Hdi dong cai each giao due Chinh phu T r i n Trpng Kim Sau dfi't nQdc gifinh dQdc ddc Ifip, dng tie'p tuc dQdc Chinh phu Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hda ed lfim can bd cao cfi'p cua nganh gifio due Trong phien hpp d i u tien cua Chinh phu lfim thdi ngfiy 3-91945, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da chi ro, cung vdi "giac ddi", "gific ngoai xam" thi "giac dd't" la mdt nhdng ke thd nguy hiem trUde m i t eua dfin tdc ta Vi vfiy, tQ nhQng ngfiy d i u tidn, ehinh quydn each mang da xac dinh gifio due lfi qudc sach sQ nghiep xay dUng va bao vd Td qud'c Ngay 8-10-1945, Trudng Dai hpc Qud'c gia Viet Nam dQdc thfinh Ifip; tid'p dd, ngfiy 10-10-1945, Chu tieh Hd Chf Minh da ki Sic lenh sd 45/SL, lap Dai hpe Vfin khoa, trQe thudc TrQdng Dai hpc Qud'c gia Vidt Nam De c h u i n hi cho nam hpc mdi, nfim hpc d i u tidn dUdi chi'nh t h i Vidt Nam Dan chu Cdng hofi, d i u t h a n g 11-1945, Bd trQdng Qudc gia Giao due da ki mdt loat cac Nghi dinh cdng bd' chQdng trinh dfio tao dpi ngu giao sQ, quy ehe' thi cd cua Trudng Dai hpc Vfin khoa Cfin cd vfio y kidn cua Hdi ddng Chinh phu, Bd trQdng Qudc gia Giao due da ki Nghi dinh cd cac giao su giang day eho TrQdng Dai hoc Van khoa, gdm cac dng Cao Xufin Huy, Hd Hdu Tudng, Hofii Thanh, Dfing Thai Mai, Nguydn Manh Tudng, Nguyin Vfin Huyen iam giao sQ Dai hpc Van khoa va cfie dng Dfio Duy Anh, Cu Huy Cfin, T r i n Vfin Gifip, Ngd Xuan Didu, T r i n Khanh GiQ (Khfii HQng), Pham Duy Khiem, Bui Ky, Nguyin Dinh Thi, Dofin Phd Td giang vd nhdng vfi'n dd dac bidt chUdng trinh Vfin khoa Chi'nh phu giao cho dng Gifim ddc Dai hpe Qud'c gia thao lufin vdi nhQng vi trdn ve npi dung giang day vfi ve sd' gid mfi nhQng vi fi'y nhfin day nien khda 1945-1946 (25) Trong sdcac vi cd ten ke tren, chi cd ngQdi dUdc Chfnh phu danh gia Id ed hpc vi cao: Bui Ky dd Phd bang; cdn Nguydn Van Huyen, Nguydn Manh Tudng, Pham Duy Khidm deu da bao vp xua't sfic luan an tie'n si d Phfip Dieu dd khdng chi cho thfi'y Chu tich Hd Chi Minh rfi't ehd trpng den vide sd dung vfi dfio tao nhan tfii ma cdn mdt l i n nda khfing dinh nang liic, trinh dp hpc vfi'n, uy tfn cua t h i y Bdi Ky Thiy da gdp phan quan trpng vfio vipc thQc hidn muc tieu dfio tao giao su vfin khoa ban trung hpc vfi nang cao nen khoa hoc nhan vfin eho xdng vdi mpt nQdc dpc Ifip va theo kip cac nQdc tien tie'n tren the' gidi nhU mong mud'n cua Bac Hd NhQ vfiy, sau Caeh mang thang Tam 1945, fi'y dfi gin 60 tudi nhUng thay Bui Ky vfin dUde tin tudng giao nhidm vu giang day Viet vfin cho sinh vidn Dai hpc Van khoa, tien than cua TrQdng Dai hpc Khoa Rghien euru Lich siir sd 11.2015 hpe Xa hdi va Nhan van, Dai hpc Qudc gia quan ly thi Bui Ky v i n mai la mdt ngudi Ha Ndi Ngofii ra, dng cdn la mdt t h i y dfing kinh long efic thd hd hoc thfinh vidn cua Hdi ddng giao due Viet sinh, sinh vidn! Ben canh dd, dng cdn la Nam theo Sfic lenh sd 102/SL ngfiy 4-9- mdt nhfi vfin, mpt n h a van hda, hoat ddng 1949 eua Chinh phu nQdc Viet Nam Dfin each mang tidu bieu cua nQdc ta thd ki XX chu Cpng hda (26) NhQng ddng gdp cua Bdi Ky trdn nhieu Cd the ndi, sudt mfi'y chuc nfim linh vUc khfic n h a u dfi ehdng td, dng lfi mot cdng hidn cho ndn giao due nQdc nha, du lfi n h a n vfit ldn, mdt n h a n each ldn, mdt nha m^t ngQdi t h i y ddng ldp giang day hai mdn giao ydu nUdc vfi cfich m^ng tidu bilu cua Vipt vfin vfi Han vfin hay tbiic thi chQc vu nUdc ta the ki XX CHU THtCH (1) NgSy 31-5-1906, vua Thfinh Thai Chl du cai cSch thi HUdng, thi Hoi, dUa vao chUdng trinh Le Thi Kinh, Phan Chdu Trinh (1872 • 1926) qua nhUng tdi lieu mdi t§p 1, Nxb Dfi Nfing, 2011 in6t a6 m6n thi mdi nhU dia ly, phap lufit Dong (6) T u i n phu Ifi chvic quan thuoc hfing Doc phu DUdng, chinh trj, lu^n chil Han, luan Qud'c ngii, cfie tinh thtii Nguyen (quan d i u tinh) T^i m$t s^ djch tii ti^ng Phfip sang Quoc ngiS tinh, cac quan nfiy kiem linh cafi'ntn^n Bo chinh, (2) Ky thi nliy trieu Nguyen l^y 23 vi d ^ khoa an sat Thdi Gia Long dfit chiic LUu thu, Trfi'n (19 Ph6 bang vfi Ti§n si d6ng xufit than) Xem Pham thu Nfim Minh Menh thii 12 (1831), bo cfie chile Dijlc Thfinh Dung - \^nh Cao (Chu bien), Khoa cii vd nfiy mfi dfit cac chvic Tong d6c, Tufin phu cdc nhd khoa bdng triiu Nguyin, Trung tfim Bao t5n di tich cef d6 Hue, Nxb Thu^n Hoa, Hue, 2000 (7) TrU6ng Hfiu bd du