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v u VAN TAM* Chuang trinh mdn Toandtieu hpc la eo sd, nen tang eho eae bae hpc tie''''p theo; trong dd, mach kie''''n thifc hinh hpe cd vai trd quan trpng trong chuong trinh mdn Toin Nhung nam gan day, nen[.]
v u V A N TAM* C huang trinh mdn Toandtieu hpc la eo sd, nen dehinh hgc chuang trinh mdn Toan dtieu tang eho eae bae hpc tie'p theo; dd, mach hgc My Pals are here Maths la mdt bd SGK mon kie'n thifc hinh hpe cd vai trd quan trpng Toin d tieu hpe d Singapore, dupe thiet ke dua tren chuong trinh mdn Toin Nhung nam gan day, nen eac hoatddng hpc tap cua hpe sinh (HS) nhim trang giao due Singapore dupe thegidi danh gia, cdng nhan bj nhiing kie'n thifc toan hpc co sd va phat trien kT la mpt nhifng nen giao due phat trien tren the nang tu phe phan, sang tao, giai toan hieu qua gidi Vi vay, viee nghien cifu chii de hinh hpc cho cac em chuong trinh va sach giao khoa (SGK) mdn Toin Chuang trinh SGK d mdi khd'i Idp gom tap (tap eiia Viet Nam va Singapore nhim tien hanh so sanh 1, tap 2) danh cho hai hpc ki, ehia lam hai eud'n A va mdt sd ndi dung co ban ve: muc tieu, eau true ndi B Mdi eud'n sach duac ehia cac chu de, cac dung de tha'y dupe nhirng diem tuong ddng va khac mach ndi dung nhu sau: (bang 1) biet giifa chuang trinh mdn Toinaim hpe ciia nude 3) Ngi dung chu dehinh hgc chuang ta va Singapore ve ehii de hinh hpc trinh va SGK mdn Toan a tieu hgc Npi dung Chu dehinh hpc chuang trinh vaSGK hinh hpc chuong trinh va SGK toan tieu hpc a mon Toan dtieu hpc tai Singapore Singapore dupe sip xep theo cau true hinh xoay 1) Quan diim day • hgc toan a Singapore Md trdn de, ehia cae tieu ehii de khac nhu: hinh ngu giic ciia Toan hpe Singapore la chuong hinh, mau hinh, khdng gian 2-D, 3-D, gdc, diem, trinh khung (SMCF Singapore Mathematics doan thang, dudng cong, mat phang, phuang Curriculum Framework) tuyen bo lan dau tien vao hudng va dupe sip xep rieng biet tung chii nam 1990 Ldi ciia md hinh la giai quyet cic van de nhd, ed su bd' sung, hd trp lin Vidu:6e detoan hgc Md hinh ngu giae gom: khii niem (ndi hinh kie'n thu'c ve HCN tuong dd'i day dii thi dung), quy trinh (phuong phap), kJning, thii va can nhieu kie'n thuc a cac khd'i Idp cung phd'i hpp siiu nhan thu'c (tu duy) Md hinh the hien cac Idp 1, HS dupe hinh bie'u tupng ban dau ve nguyen tie ea ban eiia mdt chuang trinh toan hpc cd HCN thdng qua cac hoat ddng nhu: dat ten, quan hieu qua dupe ap dung eho tat ea eac cap hpe tai sat hinh d mifc dp don gian, ghi nhdhinh anh, mota Singapore HCN gdm ed dinh va canh Len Idp 2, HS dupe hpc ve dudng thang, dudng cong, mat phang, eac Monitoring one's em cd su hieu biet rd han ve HCN va nim dupe ^ i L \ own thinking HCN gdm doan thang, dd, ed canh dai bing va canh ngin bang Idp 3, su Estimation and md rdng hieu biet ve HCN lai dupe phat trien hPn Approxiination Mental calculation nifa; hpe ve gdc, gdc vudng, HS se phan tich va Communication tha'y ring, HCN cd4 gdc vacac gdc deu la gdc vudng; Use of mathematical tools Arithmetic manipulation hpc ve hai dudng thing vudng gdc va hai dudng Algebraic manipulation Handling data thSng song song thi lai hie'u them dupe ring: HCN ed cap canh vudng gdc va cap canh song 2) Kehoach phan phd'i ngi dung day hgc chu 48 Tap chi Gido due so 327 * Trading Oai hpc sir pham Ha Noi (kil-2/2014) Bang! Ldp NOI dung L6p 1: Duac chia thSnh 19 chu d4 Cu6n A c6 10 chu d6; cudn B CO chu d4: do, not dung hinh hpc \k chu d^ 6: Hinh va miu hinh (Shapes And Patterns) Ldp 2: C6 17 chu d6 Cuon A co chu dS, cuon B co chu d^ Trong C6, no! dung hinh hpc co chu dS, g6m chu de 16: Dudng thing va mSt phIng (Lines And Surfaces) va chu 66 /7:Hinh va mau hinh (Shapes And Patterns) L6p 3: C6 18 chij d6, cuon A c6 chu d^; cuon B co chu dfi Trong do, co chu d ^ co npi dung hinh hpc la chu d^ 16, 17 yjk 18; ChLj dS 16: G6c (Angles); chu dS 17: Di/dng thing vu5ng g6c va ducmg thdng song song (Perpendicular And Parallel Lines); chu de 18: Dign tich v^ chu vi (Area And Perimeter) Ldp 4: C6 14 chu d^ Cuon A co chu de, cuon B co chu d6 Trong d6, npi dung hinh hpc dupe th^ hi6n cac chu 6& 6, 7, 8, 12, 13 va 14; gom: chu 64 6: Goe (Angles); chu 66 7: Dudng th&ng vuong g6c va dudng thing song song (Perpendicular And Parallel Lines); chu dS 8: Hlnh vuong v^ hinh chtr nhat (HCN) (Squares And Rectangles); chu 66 12: Difin tich vk chu vi (Area And Penmeter); chu d6 13: D6i xi^ng (Symmetry); chu66 14:BQ ghep hinh (Tessellations) Ldp 5: C6 14 chu d6 Cuon A co chu d ^ , cuon B co chu d^ Trong do, npi dung hinh hoc dupe t h i hien cac chu d : , 1 , , v^ 14 C/7iJ cf^ 5; Difin tich cua mot tam gi^c (Area Of A Triangle); chu dS 11: Goe (Angles); chu d6 12: Tfnh chat cua mpt tam giac va hinh td giac (Properties of Triangle and - Sided Figures); chu de 13: Di/ng hinh (Geometrical Construction); chu 66 14: Jh$ tich eua hinh l$p phuong vk hinh hop chQ nhat (Volume Ot Cube And Cuboid) Ldp 6: C6 11 chu d6, cuon A c6 chQ d6, cu6n B c6 chu dS Trong 66, npi dung hinh hpc t h ^ hifin cac chu d6: 2, 3, 8, 10 vS 1 Chu 66 2: So cOa g6c (Angles In Geometric Figures); chu dS 3: Mang lucfi hinh hpc (Nets); c/?tJ 66 8: Hinh tr6n (Circles); chu 6e 10: Di$n tich va chu vi (Area And Perimeter); chu d6 11: Thg tich chS't rSn va chSt I6ng (Volume Of Solids and Liquids) song; hpc ve dien tich va chu vi eiia eac hinh, HS dupe hinh bieu tupng ban dau ve ehu vi va dien tieh HCN (ehu vi la td'ng dp daicua canh, dien tich la phan mat phing chifa HCN, dupe bing eac ludi d vudng (cm^)) Len Idp 4, HS da hinh cdng thuc tinh ehu vi va dien tich HCN mpt each rd rang, chu vi ehinh la td'ng dp dai eac canh bao quanh ben ngoai hinh dd, edn dien tieh ed the citgheptif mdt hinh phifc tap de cac hinh CO ban nhu HCN va hinh vudng Idp 5, HS hie'u dupe nhifng ung dung rpng rai cua HCN; HCN ed thephd'i hop vdi cac mat phing khac hoac phd'i hpp vdi nhau, phd'i hop vdi hinh vudng va hinh tam giac detao nen cac miu vat hinh khd'i 3-D nhu: hinh hop chif nhat, hinh lap phuang, hinh kim tuthap Cae yeu to hinh hpe chuang trinh va SGK toan tieu hpe d Singapore dupe sap xep, phat trie'n (kil-2/2014) tang dan theo vdng xoay trdn d'c, ndi dung dupe dan xen cac khd'i Idp debdtrp cho nhim dat dupe mue tieu giao due toan tieu hpc ndi chung, muc tieu day hpc ehij de hinh hpc ndi rieng Chu dehinh hpc chuang trinh va SGK mon Toan dtieu hpc ciia Viet Nam 1) Ke hoach, phan phd'i ngi dung day hgc chudehinhhgc.Chuangtr'mhSGK mdn Tointu Idp de'n Idp dupe bien soan theo quan diem ddng tam, tieh hop; dd, sd hpe la hat nhan, chiem thdi lupng bai hpc Idn nha't Chinh vi quan diem dd ma SGK dupe bien soan theo tung ehu de, cae npi dung ed sutich hpp mdi chu de, tham chi tich hpp ca mdt bai hpc SGK dupe bien soan theo tiet hpc, mdi nam hpc cua tifng khd'i Idp gdm 35 tuan hpc vdi khoang tiet/tuan Nhu vay, khoang 134 de'n 175 tiet hpe toan eho mdt nam hpc theo phan phd'i chuang trinh Ldp Bd> Liip 1: c6 134 l\6V n^m Mdi bii SGK tuong i2ng vdti m6t tiSt hpc Trong (16, nO' dung hinh hoc l i cfic ban Hinh vu6ng, hinh trin; Hinh tam giic: Luy^n t^p; Diim; Doan thing; Di} dii do^n thing; Vd doan thing cd dO dai cho trude, D\im tronq, difi'm cf nqoii mftt hinh Ldp cd 168 ti€t/ nim hpc Trong dd, ndi dung hinh hpc l i cic bii: HCN - Hinh ti^ giic; Oudng thing; On t^p vd hinh hpc; Dudng gSp khOc - D$ dii dudng g£p khuc; Luy$n t$p; Chu vi hinh tam giic - Chu vi hinh lit giic; Luyfin tip; dn tip v& hlnh hpc; 6n tip v6 hlnh hpc (liSp theo) L6p 3: 175 tifit/ nim hpc Trong