^ N G m E N C t r u XA H O I VE B O N G BANG SONG CtJtJ L O N G : T H t r DE XUAT M O T VAl HU'dNG NGHIEN C t r U T R O N G GIAI DOAN 2011-2015 GS TS Biii Thi Cucmg Vien Phdi Irien Ben vung viing Nam Bp NGHIEN c i r u XA HQI VE BONG BANG SONG CtTU LONG Nghien ciiu xa hgi vd Ddng bang sdng Cim Long da dugc tidn hanh lidn tuc va manh me sudt thd ky XX bdi cac hpc gia ngudi Viet, ngudi Phap, ngudi My Trudc nam 1975, da cd nhidu cdng trinh nghien ciiu kinh td, van hda, xa hdi va ljch su vd vung dat Chinh quydn cii cung da cd nhirng khao sat cd su trg giup qudc td xay dung kd hoaeh tai thidt hau chidn eho viing Dong bdng sdng Cuu Long (Vidn Khoa hge xa hdi tai Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh 1981, 1982) Sau nam 1975, Nha nudc xay dung nhidu co sd nghien ciru va dao tao, lap va kidn toan he thdng quan ly Nha nudc eac linh vuc nghien ciru, dao tao, kinh td, van hda, tir trung uong ddn tinh Nhtrng eg quan da tidn hanh nhieu cdng trinh nghidn ciiu vd mgi mat eua vimg Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long Dae bidt tir Ddi Mdi, vdi su quan tam cang tang ddn cdng tac phat tridn va vai trd cua khoa hgc xa hdi, didu kidn eang cd nhieu ngudn nhan luc, td chiic va tai chinh (ca nudc lan qudc td), nghidn eiiu phat trien va nghien ciru khoa hgc xa hdi vd Ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long da ed su tang trudng rat manh me den mirc khd cd thd cd dugc mgt tdng quan dSy du va bao quat toan didn mgi ITnh vuc thuc tien va mgi nganh khga hgc (Dai hgc qude gia Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh Trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc xa hgi va nhan van 2007 Bui The Cudng, Tran Huu Quang 2010) (Xem thdm bd Thu mue eac nghidn eiiu vd Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long giai doan tir 1982 den 2010 eua Vidn Phat tridn ben v&ng viing Nam Bd) VIEN PHAT TRIEN BEN VtrNG VUNG NAIM BQ VA NGHIEN CUtJ DONG BANG SONG CUtJ LONG Tir cudi thap nien 1970, Vidn Khoa hgc xa hdi tai Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh da tidn hanh nhiJng nghien ciiu ve kinh td va xa hgi d ndng thdn Ddng bang sdng Cihi Long Trong nhurng nam 1980, Vidn da cd mdt chugng trinh nghidn ciiu Udn nganh vd Ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long, tidp theo la tham gia vao chuang trinh didu tra co ban cap Nha nudc ddi vdi vimg (Chugng trinh 60.02) Kdt qua cua nhiing boat dgng trdn la hang loat bai bao va sach chuyen khao dd lai tieng vang nhat dinh giai doan trudc va sau Ddi Mdi, v§n edn gia trj cho ddn Dau nhirng nam 1990, Nha nude da cho tidn hanh cdng tac quy hoach tdng thd viing (VIE87/031) Kdt qua la mgt Ban Quy hoach tdng thd Ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long dugc Chinh phu chap thuan vdi nhidu san phdm trung gian, Vidn da ed "Bao cao tdng hgp kinh td-xa hdi Ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long" (Vien Khoa hge xa hdi tai Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh 1981 va 1982 Nguydn Cdng Binh 1993) 77 Nam 2004, Vidn phdi hgp vdi Ban Chi dao Tay Nam Bd va Thanh Can Tha td chiic Hdi thao "Vi su phat tridn Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long" vdi 162 tham luan d nhidu ITnh vuc (Nguydn Thd Nghia va Biii Quang Huy 2005) "Thu muc Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long" Thu vidn KHXH thudc Vidn xuat ban nam 1981, bao gdm hang ngan ddu tai lieu "Thu muc Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long (19822004)" cua Thu vidn KHXH thudc Vidn xudt ban nam 2004 la mdt su tidp ndi cua "Thu muc" nam 1981, bao gdm 559 euon sach va 2824 bai vidt Nam 2010, Vidn tidp hie hoan thtah cudn "Thu muc Dong bdng sdng (:iiu Long (2004-2010)" (Phan Van Ddp 2010) Cd thd ndi day la nhOng Thu muc ldn nhdt d Viet Nam vd khu vue eho ddn Thu muc 15 nam Tap ehi Khoa hgc xa hdi eua Vidn (1988-2004) eiing ghi nhan hang tram bai tap chi ban vd Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long Trong thdi gian Kd hoach nam 2006-2010, Vidn PTBV vung Nam Bd (tir 2008, Vidn Khoa hgc xa hdi vung Nam Bd ddi tdn Vidn PTBV vimg Nam Bd) da thuc hidn mdt sd chuong trinh va dd tai vd Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long Dd la Chucmg trinh cap Bd "Nhirng van dd ca ban su phat tridn ciia vung Tay Nam Bp" (CT06-22), mdt hcrp phan khudn khd Du an didu tra ca ban cap Bd vd cae dan tpc thieu sd Tay Bac, Tay Nguydn va Tay Nam Bd (2006-2009), Dd tai ve quan he tde ngudi khudn khd Dd an cap Nha nude "Qua trinh hinh va phat tridn viing dat Nam Bd" Chuong trinh CT06-22 da tidn hanh mdt cudc dieu tra Idiao sat vd phan tang xa hdi, van hda va phuc lgi cu dan Ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long vao nam 2008 vdi co man 900 hg gia dinh theo mot thii tuc chgn mau dam bao dd kdt qua khao sat la dai didn cho vung Vidn da chii tri Hgi nghj khoa hgc cap viing, bao gdm "Hgi nghj thdng bao ket qua nghien cim khoa hgc xa hdi Nam Bd 2008" (td chirc thang 11/2008 tai Thanh phd H6 Chi Minh) vdi hon_ 200 bai tham luan va "Hdi nghj khoa hgc xa hdi va phat tridn bdn virng viing Ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long 2010" (td ehirc thang 10/2010 tai Cdn Tho) vdi khoang 40 bai tham luan Trong thdi ky 2006-2010, Tap chi Khoa hgc xa hgi ctia Vidn da cdng bd hem 600 bai nghidn cuu, cd khoang 100 bai nghidn eiiu true tidp vd Ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long (Bill Thd Cudng 2007, Biii Thd Cudng 2009, Bui Thd Cudng 2010) Nhirng nghien cuu ciia Vidn da gdp phdn cimg vdi nhidu td chuc nghien ciiu khac lam rd ban hien trang phat tridn kinh td, xa hdi va van hda vung Ddng bdng sdng Cira Long, tham gia dd xuat kidn nghj nhdm thiic ddy hgn nOa sir phat tridn cua viing Tuy nhidn, vi nhidu ly khach quan va ban chd chu quan, ddng gdp cua khoa hec xa hgi d Nam Bd ndi_ chung va cua Vifn PTBV vung Nam Bp ndi rieng doi vdi Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long van chua dap iing tdt ydu can cang tang cua Nha nude va xa hdi 78 T H t r DE XUAT IMOT SO H U O N G NGHIEN CirU XA HOI VE DONG BANG SONG CUtr LONG GIAI BOAN 2011-2015 Dua trdn su quan sat vd tinh hinh nghidn ciiu khoa hge xa hdi ve Ddng bang sdng Cim Long va d Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long, eung nhu dua trdn kdt qua nghien ciru eua Vidn PTBV vimg Nam Bd nhirng nam qua, tdi xin kidn nghj mgt vai hudng nghidn ciru xa hpi vd vung dat quan trpng cho nhirng nam sap tdi 3.1 TAI CAU TRUC KINH TE VA TAI CAU TRUC XA HQI VUNG D O N G BANG SONG CUtJ LONG Trai qua hai thap nidn Ddi Mdi, dae bidt la nhirng bidn ddi 10 nam qua, cung vdi ca nude, viing Ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long da cd nhidu thay ddi Tuy nhidn, tuang tu vdi ca nude, nhirng cau triic kinh td va xa hdi d viing dang dirng trude nhirng thach thirc nghiem trpng mdi Cac van kidn chinh sach va van lieu nghidn ctru gan day xuat hidn cang nhieu cum til "tai edu tnic kinh td" (mac du ehiing ta it thay cum tir "tai cau true xa hdi", song nhidu y tudng neu van de va dd xuat giai phap lien quan den ITnh vuc xa hdi ndi chung, ve thuc chat, la bao ham y tudng nay) Day khdng phai la didu ngau nhidn Mdt mat, nd phan anh nhirng didu kidn khach quan da thay ddi Va m4t khac, nd phan anh bude thay ddi tu l ^ u Chung ta biet, ehinh sach eiing nhu khoa hoc, ehi cdthe cd nhiing budc tidn mdi cd su thay ddi vd "each dat van dd" (paradigm theo each diing cua Thomas Kubn) Theo y nghia dd, chiing ta can nam bat cg hdi nhin nhan lai "van de" nay, bang each nghien cim eac van de kinh te va xa hdi cua viing tir tidp can "tai eSu tnic kinh td va xa hdi" Tren y nghTa do, theo tdi, nghidn eiiu kinh td hgc sap tgi ve viing dat ndn chu trgng xem xet cac dac trung va xu hudng sau day; o Ddng thai cac thj trudng qudc te va khu vuc anh hudng tidm tang ddn phat tridn kinh td vimg o Phan tich cac thj trudng d Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long (dau tu, ddt, lao ddng, tin dung, cdng nghd, hang hda va dich vu, van hda-du ljch) o Cac ngudn lire bdn ngoai va bdn vimg ddi vdi tang trudng kinh td Ddng bang sdng Cim Long, o Vj thd va vai trd cua cac nganh kinh td mui nhpn d Ddng bang sdng Cim Long, o Thai dp va ling xtr kinh td ciia ngudi midn Tay: thuan lgi va trd ngai cho phat tridn kinh td o Doanh nghidp va doanh nhan d Ddng bang sdng Cim Long, o Nhiing CO hpi va thaeh thirc sinh kd cua ndng dan Ddng bang sdngCiiu Long tae dpng cua phat tridn o Van dd ngheo cua ndng thdn Ddng bang sdng Ciru Long mdi quan he vdi kinh td, van hda va chinh sach o Cac mdi lidn he va tuang tac kinh te giua dd thj va ndng thdn, gitra ndng nghiep vdi cdng nghidp va thuang mai o Kinh te ngudi Hoa: Vai trd su phat trien kinh td va hdi nhap qudc td 79 Vd mat nghidn ciiu tai cdu true xa hdi, cac nghidn ciiu nhan hpc va xa hdi hpc ndn chii trgng phin tich nhimg dac trung chu ydu cua hidn trang edu hiic van hda-xa hdi viing D^ng bdng sdng Cuu Long; tim hidu co chd va khudn mdu cae chti thd xa hpi dang tai tao (duy tri va bidn ddi) cac cdu triic van hda-xa hgi dd thich ling va phat tridn; de xuat he quan didm va dinh hudng giai phap kidn tao cdu tnic van hda-xa hdi vung theo hudng hidn dai hda tren co sd tang cudng siic manh cua ndn tang lich su-van hda cua viing 3.2 DIEU TRA XA H O I CO BAN D O N G BANG SONG CUtJ LONG THONG QUA CAC KHAO S A T BINH LUO'NG CO HE THONG vA NGHIEN CUtI BINH TINH BO SUNG Trong nhidu thap nidn qua, Nha nudc da ddu tu rat nhidu cho linh vuc dugc gpi la didu tra co ban, dd cd didu tra xa hgi co ban Trong linh vuc khoa hpc xa hdi, sir quan tam va ddu tu da dem lai nhiing kdt qua quan trpng, nhdt la ed su phdi hgp vdi cac td chile qudc td Ta cd thd kd den nhirng cupc didu tra xa hdi eo ban nhu Dieu tra mile sdng dan cu (Viet Nam Living Standard Survey), Dieu tra siic khde qudc gia (National Health Survey), Bidu tra qudc gia vd di cu (MiNS), Didu tra quoc gia vd vi nidn va nidn (SAVY 1, SAVY2), v.v Tuy nhidn, cho den van dd "co sd dQ lieu" (data base, data bank) van cdn la mpt nhiing ydu kem cua khoa hpc xa hpi d nudc ta Didu da ban chd rat nhidu kha nang du bao va lap ehinh sach Do dd, theo tdi, dd dam bao dil lieu cho edng tac hoach djnh chinh sach va du bao, can coi trpng hon nira viec didu tra xa bdi eg ban Tuy nhidn, edng tac can dugc thue hidn cd he thdng va vdi chat lugng chuydn mdn cao (day la hai nhugc didm ca ban hien nay) Hudng nghidn ciiu can thu thap dil lieu djnh lugng va djnh tinh bdng phugng phap Idiao sat djnh lugng chpn mau (survey) va didn da dan tdc hpc (ethnography fieldwork) mang tinh dai didn cho viing Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long; thidt lap mpt he thdng chi bag xa hdi; lam ro hidn trang va xu hudng bidn ddi; cung cap ca sd dtr lieu ce ban cho vide thidt kd, thuc hien va lugng gia chinh sach Vd mat khach thd didu tra cdn chu trgng vao chit thd xa hdi sau day: cg quan Nha nudc, doanh nghiep, td ehue xa hdi, hd gia dinh 3.3 BONG THAI BAN SO VA N G U O N NHAN LUC VUNG BONG B A N G SONG ciru LONG Cac van kidn va van lidu nghien citu da chi ro, bai toan phat tridn thi dan s6 va nhat la ngudn nhan luc la bidn sd dac bidt quan hpng Nd cho phep rut ngdn thdi gian hoan bai toan phat tridn cho ddt nudc Hon nOa, day la mue tidu thuc su ciia phat tridn: ngirdi la trung tam Dieu dac bidt quan trgng vao thdi didm hidn d nudc ta neu tinh ddn tinh trang dang cd mpt khoang each rdt xa giira van ban chinh sach va td chiic thue hidn cu thd Trdn van ban chinh sach, muc tidu ngudi, chdt lugng dan sd va ngudn nhan luc da duge xac dinh rdt rd rang Tuy nhidn thuc td td chirc thuc hidn chinh sach lai cho thay nhidu giai phap va hanh vi chinh sach lai di chech hudng so vdi muc tidu chinh sach da xae djnh trdn van ban (giao due, y td, an toan thuc pham, thj trudng lao ddng, v.v.) Hudng nghien ctru can lam rd hidn trang va ddng thai dan sd va ngudn nhan lue; boat ddng cua cac he thdng va ca ehd bidn ddng dan sd va phat tridn nhan luc Cu thd la nghidn cdu hidn trang va ddng thai cua dan sd, di dan, ngudn nhan luc va phat tridn ngudi d Ddng bang sdng Cim Long; nhirng dac trung van hda-xa hpi cua ngudn nhan luc Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long; tidm nang va thach thuc ddi vol phat tridn; nguyen nhan va didu kien cua hidn trang va ddng thai eiia dan sd, di dan, ngudn nhan luc, phat tridn ngudi d Ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long; cae he thdng phat trien nhan luc chinh thirc va phi chinh thirc (giao due, dao tao, cham sdc sire khde): gia tri, chinh sach, eg can, van hanh va tac ddng xa hdi; tugng tac qua lai giira nhu can xa hdi va Icha nang dap ung cua he thdng nhan lue 3.4 D A N TOC VA TON G l A o B O N G B A N G SONG Ctru LONG TRONG TIEN TRINH P H A T TRIEN Chiing ta ddu bidt Ddng bang sdng Ciru Long la "vung dat eua dan tpc va tdn giao" Nghidn ciiu xa hdi trdn thd gidi va d Viet Nam eho thay su tham gia cua eac edng ddng dan tde va tdn giao vao tidn trinh phat tridn la mdt didu kidn tdi can thidt de dam bao eho su cdng cua tidn trinh Day cdng la mdt mue tidu eua phat tridn Nhung thuc td trdn the gidi va d Viet Nam ciing chg thay thuc hidn duge mue tidu d mdt mirc dp nhat dinh la hdt siic khd khan, nhidu nude da khdng edng, th^m chi that bai, gay ndn xung dot xa hdi nang nd, keo liti tidn trinh phat tridn Hudng nghien cim can lam rd nhirng eon dudng va each thirc dd cac yeu td dan tdc va tdn giao tham gia vao phat tridn Cu the, hudng nghidn ciru d Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long can tim hieu su tuong ddng va khac biet vd van hda, xa hdi, tdn giao, ngdn nga, ljch su gitra cac cdng ddng dan tdc d Ddng bang sdng Cim Long vdi cac cpng ddng cimg dan tdc d cac vimg va nudc lan can; nhan dien ban sae van hda va td chiic xa hdi ciia cae edng ddng dSn cu dan tpc va tdn giao; tim hidu co can va su van hanh cua cac thidt chd tdn giao ldn tai vimg Ddng bang sdng Cim Long; kham pha va tim hidu cac boat ddng tap thd va phong trao mang tinh dan tdc va tdn giao d vimg nay; tim hieu vai trd eua cpng ddng, nha thd, dudng va nha chiia vide nang eao cd ket xa hpi, hda nhap kinh td-xa hdi; md ta quan he xa hdi lidn khu vuc, xuydn bidn gidi eua ngudi Khmer Nam Bd va ngudi Cham Nam Bd; tim hieu vd tri thiic dan tdc vdi vj thd, vai trd va djnh hudng xa hdi cua hp edng ddng Trong hudng nghidn ciiu nay, theo tdi cdn dac biet chii y ddn vdn dd song ngir ddi song xS hdi cac dan tpc thidu sd d viing Vide sir dung song ngO (tieng Viet va tidng dan tpc) cac cdng ddng dan tdc eiing nhu giao luu giua cac tpc ngudi thidu sd vdi xa hdi la mdt chinh sach quan trpng cua Nha nudc nhidu thap nidn qua Tuy nhidn, ben canh nhirng tuu nhdt djnh, vide day manh su dung song ngu vdn cdn la mdt thach thuc ldn Thuc ddy su dung song ngti khdng chi la mdt van dd cua nghien cuu ngdn ngir hpe ma thuc chat la mdt bai toan xa hpi tdng hgp, ddi hdi tiep can nghidn 81 ciru da va lidn nganh Nghidn cim "song ngir" can lam rd hidn trang cua van de ngir" ddi vdi cac tdc ngudi thidu sd d Ddngbang sdng Cuu Long hien nay; vai tro vitjt ddng eua song ngir cac ITnh vuc xa hdi; dua khuydn nghi vd chinh sach vi giii phap nhdm hd trg thuc ddy manh me hon nOa su phat trien cua cac ngdn ngu thieu sovi vide ngudi dan tdc sd dung tdt hon tieng Viet cho su phat toien cua tdc ngugi cung nh cho su phat tridn ehung 3.5 KIEN TAO H A N H VI MOI TRUONG CUA CAC CHU THE XA HOI BONG B A N G S O N G ClTu LONG TRONG BOI C A N H CONG NGHIEP HOA Vi THiCH U'NG VOI BIEN D I KHI HAU Phat tridn kmh td viing Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long thdi gian qua da lam suj giam dang kd chdt lugng mdi trudng, gay nhirng he luy Jdn ea ngan ban lin dai ban Nghidn ciru bude ddu vd tae hai tidm tang eua bidn ddi hau toan can ddn Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long cung da chi tdm quan trpng cap bach cua vide hidu sau sac hoi cac anh hudng quaMai gitra phat tridn va mdi trudng Nhtrng du an phat tridn eiia cac mk Tidu vimg sdng Mekong cung dang gay tac hai sau sdc den Ddng bang sdng Cim Long Trong bdi eanh dd, vide hidu rd hanh vi mdi trudng cua cac chii the xa hdi khat cd y nghia rdt quan trpng Va day la vide ma khoa hpe xa hdi cd the lam duge Cat chu the xa hgi chu yen bao gdm cac cg quan Nha nudc, doanh nghiep, td chirc xa hgi ngudi dan (hd gia dinh) Hudng nghidn ciiu can lam ro nhiing ydu td chinh trj, chink sdch, kinh te, van hda, xa hpi chi phdi va anh hudng ddn nhan thiie va hanh ddng cua chii the xa hdi eac boat ddng tac ddng ddn mdi trudng d Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long Cho ddn nay, mac dii cdn phai tiep tue nghien ciru nhidu hon va sau ban, song da ed nhieu edng trinh khao sat ve hidn trang mdi trudng va phan tich chinh sach mdi trudng Ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long Tuy nhidn, cdn rat it nghien cuu xa hdi vd mdi trudng nhin til each nhin va hanh vi cua cac chu thd xa hdi Va eao hon nira la nhirng nghien ciiu nham muc dich dua nhirng giai phap dd kidn tao lai hanh vi mdi trudng cua cae chii the xa hdi, thich ling vdi ydu cau phat tridn bdn virng 3.6 CO s O LICH s t r v A V A N HOA VUNG, TiEU VUNG VA CAC DIA PHUONG B O N G B A N G SONG CUtJ LONG Dong bdng sdng Ciru Long ed mdt cg sd van hda va ljch sii dac thu ddi hdi phii j hinh ndn nhirng nghidn cim dai han Day la vung ddt da dang vd van hda va soi dgng vd lich sd Day eiing la vimg cd su tranh cai ldn vd ljch su, ngudn gde lanh thd, lidn quan ddn an ninh qudc gia, toan ven lanh thd va tinh hgp phap ljch sir Trong tidn trinh phat tridn nhanh va bdn virng, cang ndi ldn vdn dd ndn tang ljch su-van hda la mot ca sd, ddng thdi la be phdng cila phat tridn Mdt edng ddng ngudi chi cd thd phat tridn edng ndu bidt dua vao co sd ljch sii-van hda cua ban than Ro rang di san ljch silvan hda la mdt hanh trang va be phdng cua phat tridn ma ngudi ta cdn hidu rd, lam chu, va phat huy nhimg ddng luc cua nd Hudng nghidn cum cdn tim hidu nhiirig dae teimg 82 chu ydu cua eg sd ljch su va van hda vimg Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long; nghidn ciiu su thich dng, thuc ddy va trd ngai ciia eg sd ddi vdi phat trien; de xuat giai phap tang cudng sue manh eiia ndn tang ljch sir-van hda tidn trinh phat trien Trong hudng nghidn cim cdn chu y den van de "van hda quan chiing" Thuc td va cac nghidn ciru xa hpi cho thay "van hda quan chiing" ddng mdt vai trd hdt siic quan trpng ddi vdi mgi thuc thd xa hdi: tir tcan b'd mgt qudc gia, ddn mdt dja phugng, cho tdi mgt cpng ddng, td chirc, tham chi mdt gia dinh Can lam ro hien trang eiia "van hda quan chung" d viing Ddng bang sdng Ciru Long thdi gian qua; vai trd va tac dung cua nd ddn cac linh vuc khac cua xa hdi; lam rd nhirng ddng luc, co hgi va thach thirc vide phat tridn ddi sdng van hda quan chung Trdn ca sd dd dd xuat khuyen nghj vd chinh sach va giai phap nham hd trg thiic day manh me hgn nira su phat tridn ciia van hda quan chiing d cac cgng ddng va td chiic 3.7 NGHIEN C t r u CONG DONG O B O N G B A N G SONG C C u LONG Cdng ddng, dac biet la cdng ddng ndng thdn, cd mdt vj tri va vai trd dac bidt Ijch su Viet Nam ndi chung, ljch sir each mang Viet Nam ndi ridng Cac cdng ddng ndng thdn Viet Nam cd mdt sire sdng deo dai Ciing vdi gia dinh-ddng hg, cac cdng ddng la nhirng lidn td bao, la nhirng vien gach (hat) co ban tao nen kidn true cua xa hdi, Nha nude, van minh Dai Vidt Qua trinh hien dai hda da tao mdt bdi canh hoan toan mdi md ddi vdi su tdn tai cua cac cdng ddng Cdng ddng dang tdn tai nhu thd nao (tiep tuc nang ddng, hay tri trd, hay dang suy vong)? Nd ed thd tidp tuc tdn tai nira hay khdng, nd cd thd tri vj tri va vai trd nhu trudc hay khdng? Dd la nhiing cau hdi co ban mang tinh sdng edn vide djnh hinh nhtrng chidn luge xay dung xa hdi mdi d Viet Nam bdi canh toan cSu hda Cdng ddng la mdt thuc thd van hda-xa hdi tdn tai ben vitng qua thdi gian, dd nghidn ciru edng ddng va phat tridn cdng ddng ddi hdi mdt tidp can da nganh va tdng hgp, bao gdm cac nganh sii hpc, chinh trj hpe, kinh td hpc, nhan hpc, xa hdi hpc, chinh sach xa hdi va cdng tac xa hdi Muc dich cua hudng nghien cim la nghidn ciiu vd cdng ddng d Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long mdt each ed he thdng; theo lat cdt linh vuc bao gdm phat tridn kinh te, co cdu xa hdi va van hda; theg lat cdt thdi gian bao gdm eii lich su, hidn tai va tridn vgng Ndu dugc tidn hanh ed he thdng, hudng nghidn eiru se tag ndn mdt co sd du lieu cua viing vd cac cgng ddng mang tinh didn hinh Hudng nghien eiiu cdn chu y ddn hai cdp phan tich: edng ddng va gia dinh Mdt mat cdn md ta tidn trinh ddi sdng eua cgng ddng bdi canh chju su chi phdi cua, thich ung vdi, va ddng tham gia vao tien trinh ljch sil va hidn dai hda cua dia phuong, vtmg va ca nudc; tim nhtrng mdi lidn he, tuong tae va phan anh ldn giiia nhirng bien ddi vT md va vi md Mat khac, can nghien cim ljch sii ddi sdng (life history) eua eac gia dinh edng ddng; md ta ddi sdng cua cac gia dinh bdi eanh chju su chi phdi 83 va thich irng vdi nhirng tidn trinh dai han va nhung bidn c6 cua lich sir; tim nhiing moi lien he, tuong tae va phan anh ldn giiia nhtmg bien ddi vT md ya vi md Tdng hgp kdt qua cua cac dja ban nghidn euu se tao nen hue tranh chung vd bidn ddi xa hdi eua ca viing (kdt ndi nghien ciru dinh lugng va djnh tinh, nghidn ciru vl md va vi md) Trdn co so dd tim tdi va tridn khai nhirng md hinh phat tridn cdng ddng hidu qua Ttr 2006 ddn nay, Vidn PTBV vung Nam Bd da tidn hanh nghien ciru nhieu npi dung ca hudng nghidn ctru ndi trdn Kinh nghidm eiia Vidn cho thay day la nhitag hudng nghien ciiu dem lai nhidu ket qua nghidn ciiu mdi, lam co sd tham khao tdt cho vide hoach dinh chinh sach Tuy nhidn, de dem lai hidu qua cao hon, nhirng hudng nghien ciru edn dugc tidn hanh rgng hon, cd he'thdng hon, dua trdn sir phdi hgp cua eac tinh vimg Ddng bang sdng Cim Long HAI R A O C A N CHINH CUA NGHIEN CUtJ XA HOI O D O N G B A N G SONG c u t ! LONG HIEN NAY Nghidn ciiu cua Vidn PTBV viing Nam Bd vd hidn trang khoa hpe xa hpi vd/ Ddng bdng sdng Cim Long cho thdy khoa hpc xa hdi d viing da cd nhidu hru vi ddng gdp hon 30 nam qua Tuy nhidn, khoa hgc xa hdi d Ddng bang sdng Cdu Long cdn manh mun, dan ttai, cue bd dja phuong, thidu tinh chuyen nghipp, cd phan tut hau so vdi khoa hgc xa hdi ea nudc, chua dap ung dugc yen can phat trien cua vimg (Btii The Cudng, Trdn Hthi Quang 2011) Nhidu tac gia bai vidt da dd cap nguyen nhan cua tinh trang nay, d day tdi xin ndu ldn hai van dd ma tdi cho rang ehung la rao can chinh, can tap trung thao gd Thit nhat, trinh ehuydn mdn (dac bidt la phugng phap nghien ctru) cdn nhieu ban ehd Dieu khien cho ket qua nghien cuu eiia phan ldn dt tai la ngheo nan, Idiong cd tinh img dung Thtr hai, vide xac lap cac dd tai phSn ldn lay tinh la dan vj tiep can, hau nhu vang bdng each tidp can vting Didu vira la h^u qua vira la nguydn nhan cua tinh trang thieu su phdi hgp, lidn kdt gitra cac tinh Giai phap cho vide thao gd hai rao can trdn, theo tdi, khau then ehdt ndm d cho can cd mdt nhan thuc va cam kdt chii truang mdi, du raanh, d lanh dao edp tinh DI nhidn, d day cd vai trd rat quan trgng cua lanh dao cac sd khoa hgc va cdng nghd, vdi tu each la CO quan quan ly nha nudc va co quan tham muu cho lanh dao tinh ve nghien cim khoa hoc Ke den la vai trd eua lanh dao cac td chirc nghien cuu va dao tao ddng d vung Nam Bo Cdn d cap qudc gia, vai trd quydt djnh thudc vd Bp Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe va Bd Giao due va Dao tao, nai tao cae khudn khd ehinh sach, ngudn tai chinh, va dpng luc cho su thay ddi TAI LIEU THAM KHAO / Bui Thi Cuong (chu bien) 2007 Khoa hoc xa hoi Nam Bo - Dong gop cua Tgp chi Khoa hoc xa hoi nhung vdn de lich sic, xa hoi kinh ti Ha Noi: Nxb Khoa hoc Xa hoi Biii The Cucmg (chu bien) 2009 Khoa hoc xa hoi Nam Bo: Nhin ve lich sit: nhin vao hien tgi nhin khu vuc Ha Noi: Nxb Tic dih Bdch khoa Biii The Cuong 2010 Nam BQ thai ky tien den 2020: Phdt trien ben vCmg kinh te, xd hoi vd van hoa Chuyen de nghien cuu tong hop ket qud ciia Chuang trinh de tai cdp Bo ve Tdy Nam Bo 20062008 (CT06-22) va Chitang trinh di tdi cdp Bo vk Nam Bq 2009-2010 (CT09-22) Biii The Cudng 2010 Khoa hoc xd hoi Dong bdng song Cim Long gop phdn vdo suphdt trien virng giai dogn 2011-2015 Trong: Tap chi Khoa hoc xd hoi Sd 2/2010 Tr3-M Biii The Cucmg Le Thanh Sang 2010 Mot so vdn de ve ca cdu xa hoi va phdn tdng xd hoi d Tdy Nam BQ- Ket qud tic CUOC khdo sdt dinh hcongnam 2008 Trong: Tap chi Khoa hoc xd hoi So 3(139)72010 Tr 35-47 Biii The Cudng, Trdn Dan Tdm Le Thanh Sang 2009 Diiu kien song, sit dung thai gian roi, vd cdm nhgn cua nguai ddn ve cuoc song qua mot khdo sdt dinh luang d mien Tdy Nam Bo Trong: Tap chi Khoa hoc xd hoi S6 8(132)72009 Tr 11-17 Bui The Cirong, Trdn Hitu Quang 2011 Xdy ditng Chuang trinh nghien cicu nhimg vdn de ca bdn ciia khoa hoc xd hoi Nam Bo giai doan 2011-2015 tdm nhin 2020 Bdo cdo Nhiem vu Nhdnh De dn 928 cua Vien Khoa hoc Xd hoi Viet Nam Dgi hoc Quoc gia TPHCM Trudng Dgi hoc Khoa hoc xa hoi vd nhdn van 2007 Nhiing vdn de khoa hoc xd hoi & nhdn vdn TPHCM: Nxb Dai hoc Qudc gia TPHCM Gerke, Solvay vd Biii The Cudng (Chii bien) 2011 Nudc vdi tinh cdch Id mot nguon luc chien htac Trudng hap Dong bdng song Cicu Long Bdn thdo sdp xudt bdn 10 Le Thanh Sang 2009 Bien doi hdu vd su quan tdm cita ngudi ddn Dong bdng song Citu Long Trong Tgp chi Khoa hoc xd hoi S6 9(133)72009 Tr 36-44 11 Nguyen Cong Binh 1993 Ca cdu xd hoi, phdn tdng xa hoi vd chinh sdch xd hgi a nong thon Nam Bo Tgp chiXd hgi hoc S6 3/1993 Tr 33-37 12 Nguyen The Nghia (chu bien) 2003 Nhiing thdnh tuu khoa hoc xd hoi vd nhdn vdn d cdc tinh phia Nam thdi ky doi mdi Hd Noi: Nxb Khoa hgc xd hoi 13 Nguyen The NghTa, Biii Quang Huy 2005 Dong bdng song Citu Long hoi nhdp vdphdt trien Hd Ngi: Nxb Khoa hgc xd hgi 14 Phan Vdn Ddp (Chu nhiem Di tdi) 2010 Thu muc ddng bdng song Cicu Long (2004-2010) TPHCM' Vien Phdi triin Bin viing viing Nam Bg Thu viin Khoa hoc xd hgi 15 Vien Khoa hgc Xd hoi tai TPHCM 1981 Thu muc Ddng bang song Cicu Long Hd Ngi: Nxb Khoa hgc xd hgi 16 Viin Khoa hgc Xd hgi tgi Thdnh Hd Chi Mink 1982 Mot so vdn di khoa hgc xa hoi ve Dong bdng song Citu Long Hd Noi: Nxb Khoa hgc Xd hgi 17 Viin Khoa hoc Xd hgi tgi Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh 1990 Miin Nam trgng su nghiep ddi mdi cua cd nudc Hd Ngi: Nxb Khoa hgc Xa hoi 18 Vien Khoa hgc Xd hdi tgi Thdnh Hd Chi Minh 1992 Nhiing vdn di xd hgi hgc a miin Nam Hd Ngi: Nxb Khga hocXd hgi 85 ... Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long van chua dap iing tdt ydu can cang tang cua Nha nude va xa hdi 78 T H t r DE XUAT IMOT SO H U O N G NGHIEN CirU XA HOI VE DONG BANG SONG CUtr LONG GIAI BOAN 2011-2015... lue 3.4 D A N TOC VA TON G l A o B O N G B A N G SONG Ctru LONG TRONG TIEN TRINH P H A T TRIEN Chiing ta ddu bidt Ddng bang sdng Ciru Long la "vung dat eua dan tpc va tdn giao" Nghidn ciiu xa... THE XA HOI BONG B A N G S O N G ClTu LONG TRONG BOI C A N H CONG NGHIEP HOA Vi THiCH U''NG VOI BIEN D I KHI HAU Phat tridn kmh td viing Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long thdi gian qua da lam suj giam dang