Tu''''ll§u tham khao S6 4(82) nam 2016 \|KET QUA T H V C NGHIEM TAC DQNG DEN MAT NHAN THlTC TRONG NANG LlTC HlTONG NGHIEP CUA GIAO VIEN BQ MON 6 TRU''''CJNG TRUNG HQC PRO THONG T^I THANH P H 6 HO CHI MINH N[.]
Tu'll§u tham khao S6 4(82) nam 2016 \|KET QUA T H V C NGHIEM TAC DQNG DEN MAT NHAN THlTC TRONG NANG LlTC HlTONG NGHIEP CUA GIAO VIEN BQ MON TRU'CJNG TRUNG HQC PRO THONG T^I THANH P H HO CHI MINH NGUYEN THI MINH H6NG', NGUYEN VINH KHLTONG", NGUYEN THI DI6M MY" T6M TAT Bdi viit trinh bdy kit qud cua thuc nghiem tdc dgng din mgt nhdn thuc ning luc hudng nghiep (NLHN) cua gido vien bg mdn (GVBM) a truang trung hgc phi thong (THPT) tgi Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (TPHCM) Dua tren kit qud khdo sdt mdu khdch thi thuc nghiem vd nhdm ddi chung bdi viet dua su khdc biet ve nhdn thicc giira hai nhom ndy hogt dgng hudng nghiep cho hgc sinh (HS) THPT Ket qud cho thdy sau thuc nghiem, nhdn thuc cua G VBM vd HS cd nhitng chuyen bien ro net vd theo hudng tich cue Tirkhda: nh$n thiic ve giao due huong nghiep, nang lue huang nghiep eiia giao vien bg mon a truang trung hpc thong ABSTRACT Results of the experiment on intervening in the perception perspective of the vocationa guidance capacity of subject teachers in high schools in Ho Chi Minh City The article presents results of the experiment on intervening in the perception perspective of the vocational guidance capacity of subject teachers in high schools in H Chi Minh City Based on results of the survey done with the experimental group and Ik control group, the article introduces the differences in the perception of the two groups vocational guidance activities for high school students Results confirm that interventiot have had clear and positive impacts on the perception of both subject teachers and students Keywords: perception of vocational education, vocational guidance capacity of subject teachers in high school B3t van dl Huong nghiep hay giao due huong nghiep a truang THPT la cfing tae nhim phan luong HS sau tot nghiep va djnh huong nghi nghiep cho cac em Do la qua trinh chuii bi lya ehgn nghe nghiSp mgt each ce y thiic va chuin bi tinh thich iing nghi tuang lai Giao due hudng nghiSp va eong tac phan luflng HS sau trung hgc da dugc quan tri?t eac nghi quyit, chil truang, phinh sach cua Dang, Nha nude va eac cip, cac nganh H$ thfing cae van ban vi giao dye huong nghiep va cflng tae phan luflng HS sau 'JS InrbTig Bai hpc Su piism TPHCM " ThS, Tnj'brg fiai hgc Su ph^m TPHCM; Emaii: nguyenvinhkbuong@gmail.com 110 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyin Thi Minh Hdng vd tgk trung hpc da dupc ban hanh; h? thdng co sd giao dye kl thudt tdng hpp, hudng nghi?p, day nghd da dupe quan tdm ddu tu phdt tridn, thd hidn d nhiing thdnh qua da dat dugc vd quy hoach mang ludi va xay dyng cdc trung tdm, timg budc phat tridn dpi ngii cdn bg qudn Ii va gido vidn (GV) Kdt qua nghidn cuu thuc trang cho thay ca ba mat (kidn thirc, ki nang va thai dp) h-ong NLHN ciia GVBM thd hifn su ban chd nhdt dinh Chinh vi v^y, vide nghidn eiru Ii lugn va dde bidt la thuc tidn cdc bidn phdp thyc nghidm tac ddng ddn mat nhdn thirc NLHN cho GVBM se thay ddi sao? Ddy Id vdn dd cdn phdi dugc quan tam Giai quyet v4n de 2.1 Td churc nghien cAu thue nghiim 2.1.1 Muc dich thuc nghiem Phat tridn NLHN cua GVBM thdng qua cac bidn phap da dd xudt, dac bidt la thdng qua md hinh thyc nghiem dupe xac lap Khdng dinh tmh hidu qua cua cac bidn phdp thye nghidm eiing nhu tinh kha thi eua md hinh thuc nghiem 2.1.2 Khdch the thuc nghiim Nghidn cuu tidn hanh trdn hai nhdm khaeh thd: Nhdm 1: gdm 52 GVBM d trudng THPT (Vo Minh Due, Nguydn Trai, An M5') va khdch thd thupc nhdm ddi chung la 52 GVBM d hirdng THPT (Tdn Phude Khdnh, Thudng Tdn, Thai Hda); va nhdm 2: gdm 76 sinh vidn nam d Khoa (Vdn, Sii, Dia) ciia Trudng Dai hpc su pham TPHCM va khaeh thd thudc nhdm ddi ehung la 76 sinh vidn nam d Khoa (Todn, Li, Hda) cua Trudng Dgi hpe Su pham TPHCM Trong do, nhdm thye nghidm vd nhdm ddi chung dugc lua chpn cho cd su tuong ddng vd dilu kidn va nhiing danh gia ban ddu 2.1.3 Qud trinh thue nghiim tdc dpng Quy trinh thyc nghidm gdm cde giai doan sau umg vdi thdi gian thdng: Giai doan 1: Khdo sdt trudc thyc nghidm va chudn hi tac ddng thuc nghidm; Giai doan 2: Tien hanh thye nghidm; Giai doan 3: Do nghidm va ddnh gia thyc nghidm 2.2 Kit qud nghien curu 2.2.1 Nhgn thde vi muc dp cdn thiit cua viic hudng nghiep cho HS THPT Kdt qua so sdnh vd nhdn thirc ciia GVBM gi&a hai nhdm thuc nghidm vd ddi chiing d bang vd muc dp cdn thiet cua vi?c hudng nghiep cho HS THPT cho thdy ed sy khdc biet y nghla d hai miic dp "quan trpng" (Sig.= 0,024 < 0,05) va "rdt quan trgng" (Sig = - 0,05 < 0,05) Didu ed nghia la sau thyc nghidm da cd sy khde bidt danh gid ciia GVBM Dya vao tan sd cho thay d nhdm thuc nghidm khdng cd GVBM ndo xdc nhdn la "phdn van" nhu nhdm ddi chimg, vd dac bidt d miic "rdt quan trpng" cd ddn 40/52 lya chgn Nhiing ^ kidn danh gid ciia GVBM d nhdm thyc nghidm dd Iam rd thdm su chuydn bidn vd mat n h ^ thiie ciia hg sau tham gia vdo ede boat ddng thyc nghidm Trong ede bidn phdp dupc tien hanh thi rd rang vide td chirc tga dam Tu' li#u tham khao So 4(82) nam 201S chia se nhimg hau qua cua viec khfing huang nghiep, huong nghiep khflng day dvi hoac hucmg nghiep sai hay qua trinh tham gia tap huan cac chuyen di thyc nghi$m.ffl giup cho GV nhan thiie ro ban vi mile ein thiit cua viec huong nghiep cho HS THPT (xem bang I) Bang Nhgn thuc cua GVBMvd SV vi muc cdn thiit ciia viec hudng nghiep cho HS THPT Tan so Nhom doi chung STT Nhom thurc nghifm Miicd? SV GVBM GVBM SV SV GVBM 0 1,32 I Khfing quan trgng 1,65 1,45 It quan trgng 0 1,09 13 0,45 Phan van 0 0,043 Quan trgng 12 14 32 42 0,024 0,011 Rat quan trgng 40 62 15 18 -0,05 -13 Bang I eho thay co su khae biet y nghia gi&a a ba miic "phan van" (Sig.= 0,043 < 0,05), "quan trgng" (Sig.= 0,012 < 0,05) va ro net nhit la "rit quan trgng" voi Sig.- - 1,32 < 0,05 Dya vao tan so cho thay danh gia eua SV a nhom thyc nghiem v^ miie can thiet cua viec huong nghiep eho HS THPT cung da co sy thay dfli nhat dinh so vdi nhom dfli chiing Mae du tinh hieu qua khflng eao so vdi khaeh thi la GVBM nhom thyc nghiem, van SV phan van, nhung so vai SV nhom dfli chiing thi nhom thue nghiem vin tao su khae biet va ti le ciing tap trung kha cao d miic "cao" va "rat cao" Day la mgt tin hieu dang mimg vi SV vin eon nhiiu thW gian it hgc tap truac bit diu tro' mgt GVBM Rg rang sau thoi gian thue nghiem, SV da CO sy khac biet nhit djnh viec danh gia miic ein thiit cila viee huctng nghiep che HS THPT Sy khac biet vi miic nhan thiie sau thyc nghiem cung cho thay tinh hieu qua eua eae bien phap thuc nghiem ma di tai da di xuit 2.2.2 Nhdn thuc ve muc tieu cita hogt dgng huang nghiep Ho^t dgng huong nghiep dugc thye Men nhim muc tieu phat triin va bfli duSng phim chit nhan each nghi nghiep, giup HS THPT hiiu minh, hiiu yeu eiu ciia nghi; dinh huang de di vao nhung Iinh vyc ma xa hgi dang co yeu ciu Muc tieu tfing quat va cufii cimg cua cflng tac huong nghiep la giiip HS THPT dua duge quyit dinh chon nghe diing dan, phii hgp vai ban than minh va yiu ciu eiia xa hfli di co thi phat huy kha nang, nang lue cua ban than Khi tim hiiu vi nhan thiie ciia GVBM va SV vi muc tieu ciia boat dgng huong nghiep cho HS THPT sau thoi gian thyc nghiem, kit qua thu dugc nhu a bang sau day: 112 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyin Thi Minh Hong va tgk Bdng Nhdn thirc cita GVBMvd SVve mijc tieu cua hogt ddng hudng nghi?p cho HS THPT FT Tan so Nhom thirc Nhom doi Noi dung nghiem chirng GVBM SV GVBM SV Giiip HS biit vi ban than 0 13 Giiip HS hieu ve cac nganh nghe 0 21 Giiip HS hieu ban than va hieu 21 20 13 ve cae nganh nghfi Giiip HS hieu ban than, hieu vi eac nganh nghe va cac tieu chi 21 49 56 23 chgn nghe phu hgp Sig GVBM 4,76 1,23 SV 0,087 0,038 0,012 1,23 0,023 0,049 Ket qua so sdnh giOa hai nhdm thyc nghiem va ddi chimg d bang vd muc tidu ciia hoat ddng hudng nghidp eho HS THPT cho thdy cd sy khdc biet y nghta d hai ndi dimg "Giiip HS hidu ban thdn vd hieu vd eae nganh nghd" (Sig.^ 0,012 < 0,05) va "Giiip HS hieu ban than, hidu vd cac ngdnh nghd vd cdc tieu chi chpn nghd phii hpp" (Sig.= 0,023 < 0,05) Dua vao tdn sd cho thdy frdi qua thdi gian thyc nghiem thi ddnh gia cua GVBM ed sy bidn chuydn khd tich cue, cd ddn 49 lya chpn muc tieu giiip HS hidu ban thdn, hieu ve cdc nganh nghd vd cac tieu chi chpn nghd phii hop la ndi dung ddy dii nhdt Nhdn thire cua SV vd muc tieu cua hoat ddng hudng nghiep cho HS THPT cung da ed su thay ddi y nghTa vd mat thdng kd d hai ndi dung "Giup HS hieu vd cdc ngdnh nghd" (Sig.= 0,038 < 0,05) va "Giiip HS hidu bdn than, hidu vd cdc ngdnh nghd va cac tidu chi ebon nghd phu hop" (Sig.= 0,049 < 0,05) Kdt qua thdng kd cdn cho thdy cd sy tuong ddng nhdt dinh gitra GVBM va SV sau thai gian thyc nghidm la ti Id lya chpn myc tidu ddy du nhat chiem tan sd cao nhat Didu giup chiing tdi khdng dinh tinh hidu qud ciia bidn phap bdi dudng NLHN cho GVBM va SV, ey thd la bidn phap td ehiic chuyen dd boi dudng vd mat nhdn thiic 2.2.3 Nhdn thire cua GVBM vi mpt sd khdi niem liin quan din hogt dpng hudng nghiep (xem bdng 3) Bdng Nhdn thuc cua GVBM vd SV ve mot so khdi niim lien quan din hogt dpng hudng nghiep cho HS THPT li STT Khai nifm Dinh hucmg nghi nghiep Tu vin nghe nghiep Tuyin chgn nghe nghiep Tan sfi nh^n thiic dung Nhom thu'C Nhom doi chiing nghiem SV SV GVBM GVBM 45 61 25 15 42 71 14 11 50 70 16 17 Sig GVBM 0,023 0,021 0,05 SV -2,34 -4,31 0,00 113 So 4(82) nam 2016 Tlf lieu tham khao K i t qua thing ke o bang v i nhan thilc cua GVBM va SV ve mflt sfl khai niem lien quan d i n boat dong huang nghiep cho HS THPT cho t h i y sau thai gian thiic nghiem, nhan thiic ciia ca GVBM va SV nhom thuc nghiem deu co su thay dfli theo huang tieh eye hon Cu thi la khai niem khao sat "Dinh huang nghe nghiSp", "Tu v i n n g h i nghiep" va "Tuyin chgn n g h i nghiep" d i u tao dugc sy khac biet vi mSt thfing ke T i n sfl GVBM va SV lya chgn diing khai ni?m cao hon rat nhieu lan so vol nhom dfii chiing Tii day, co thi noi ring, eac hoat dong thyc nghiem da dat hieu qui cao, kit qua xu li thfing ke da phan anh tinh hieu qua ro ret ciia cac hoat dgng th\ic nghiem dugc tfl chiic Thflng qua nhOng boat dgng ma G V B M va SV da thay dii v6 nhan thilc theo huang tich cue ban 2.2.4 Quan niem viy kiin "Dgi hgc khdng phdi Id duang nhdt buac vdo dai" Cac boat dflng thuc nghiem dugc tfl chiic, suy cho cilng la n h i m giiip GVBM v4 SV n h ^ thiic diing din ban v i cac vin d i co lien quan din hoat dgng tu vin huong nghiep cho HS THPT Trong thuc t i thai gian g i n day, ehiing ta thuong nghe nhSc nhiiu din quan niem "Dai hgc khflng phai la ducmg nhit d i buoc vao dcri" nhyng khong phai GVBM nao ciing co thi hiiu dugc diiu Chinh vi vay, o nhom dfii ehiing t i n sfi GVBM va SV "phan van" v i quan niem kha cao fl nhom thyc nghiSm, miic "phan van" hay "khfing dfing y" chiim t i n sfl kha han chi ma tap trung chll y i u o hai miic "dflng y" va "rat dflng y" vai quan niem tren Trong eai nhin tflng thi, ca GVBM iln SV sau trai qua cac bien phap thye nghiem thi nhan dinh cua hg tich cyc hon (xem bang 4) Bdng Quan niem ciia GVBMvd SVve y kien "Bgi hgc khdng phdi Id duang nhdt budc vdo ddi" Tan so STT Mlic Hoan toan khfing dong y Khfing dflng y Phan van Dflng y Rat dflng y Nhom thu-c nghifm GVBM SV Nhom ddi chirng GVBM SV 34 12 27 19 45 24 27 28 13 Sig GVBM 3,56 4,32 0,05 0,043 0,06 SV 0,67 -0,13 0,03 -0,0! 1,23 K i t qua so sanh giOa hai nhom dfli chiing va thyc nghiem or GVBM cho thiy co sy khac biet y nghTa thfing ke o hai mire "phan van" (Sig.= 0,05) va "dfing y" (Sig.= 0,043 < 0,05) fl SV thi co su khae biet y nghla o ba mile "khfing dflng y" CSig.= • 0,23 < 0,05), "phan van" (Sig.= 0,03 < 0,05) va "dfing y" (Sig.= - 0,02 < 0,05) R8 rang, ket qua so sanh giQa nhom dfli chiing va nhom thyc nghiem sau thye nghiem & CO nhung sy khac biet dang ki, theo huang tich cue ban 114 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyen Thj Minh Hdng vd tgk TCI nhiing ket qua trfin day co thi kit luan ring, boat dgng thyc nghiem da co tac dyng tich cyc tren nhom khacb thi GVBM va SV Diiu lin niia khing dinh tinh hifiu qua cua cac bien phap thyc nghiem 2.2.5 Nhdn thirc cua GVBM ve nhiem vu cua bdn thdn hogt ddng hucmg nghiep cho HS (xem bdng 6) Kit qua so sanh a bang vi nhan thilc cila GVBM va SV vi nhiem vy ciia ban than hoat dgng huong nghiep cho HS THPT cho thiy, sau thoi gian thyc nghiem voi nhom bien phap "Ndng cao y thicc trdch nhiem vd phdt huy tdi da vai tro cua dgi ngB GVBM a tnrdng trung hgc phd thdng ddi vdi cdng tdc hudng nghiep cho HS", ca GVBM (5/5 ngi dung) lin SV (4/5 ngi dung) nhom thuc nghiem diu eo su thay dfli co y nghia ve mat thflng ke Bangs Nhdn thirc cua GVBM vd SV ve nhiem vu ciia bdn thdn hogt dong hudng nghiep cho HS THPT TT ! » Noi dung Gioi thieu eho HS nhiing nganh nghe c6 lien he tryc tiep vai mfln hgc Tim hieu hiing thii ve nghe cuaHS Phfli hgp vfii GV chii nhiem giiip HS lua ehgn nghe Tfi chile tham quan huong nghiep ket hgp voi tham quan mfln hgc Tu vin huong nghiep cho HS HS nha sy giiip da Tan so Nhom th^c Nhom doi nghiem chung GVBM SV GVBM SV Sig GVBM SV 47 69 21 41 0,001 0,56 39 61 12 25 -0,23 -1,05 50 53 11 12 -1,34 -2,47 43 43 3 -1,37 -0,05 51 65 25 32 -0,63 0,049 Sau thyc nghiem a nhom GVBM, tat ca ngi dung dua khao sat deu co gia tri Sig nho hem miic y nghia 0,05 ("Tfl chile tham quan huong nghiep kit hgp vo'i tham quan mon hge" vol Sig.= -1,37, "Phfli hgp vol GV chu nhiem giiip HS lya chgn nghi" vol Sig.= -1,34, "Tu vin hudog nghiep cho HS HS nha sy giiip do" vai Sig.= -0.63, "Tim hiiu himg thii vi nghi cua HS" vcri Sig.= -0,23 va "Gicri thieu cho HS nhimg nganh nghi cfi lien hfi tryc tiep voi mfln hgc" eg Sig.= 0,001) Nhu vay, rfi rang rat nhiiu GVBM da y thiic diy dii ve nhiem vy eua ban than cflng tac huang nghiep Tuy vin mflt sfi it GVBM chua nhan thuc dugc cfing viec nay, song day cUng la mgt tin hieu dang mimg vi chi nao GVBM y thiic duge no la trach nhiem cua minh 115 Sd 4(82) nSm 2016 Ty li§u thann khao thi GVBM moi co thi chil dflng thyc hign Kit qua tren ciing tuang ty o nhom khaeh thi SV, chi co ngi dung "Gioi thieu cho HS nhung nganh nghi co lien he tryc tiip vcri mfln hgc" la khflng co y nghla thing ke (Sig.= 0,56 > 0,05), cac ngi dung lai diu co y nghia thfing ke va sfl lugng SV nhflm thyc nghiem y thirc ro nhiem vy ciia minh cung cao hem rat nhieu lan so vol nhom dfli chiing Nhimg danh gia cSa nhom thyc righiem da 14m ro them sy chuyfin biin o mat nhan thue vi nhiem vu eua hg sau tham gia vao cac boat dgng thuc nghiem Co tli6, vol bien phap dugc di xuit la xay dung mfl hinh cfing viec eiia GVBM, co cflng viec huong nghiep cho HS THPT da gop phin anh huong din GVBM va SV o nhom thuc nghiem nen da giilp cho GVBM va SV nhan thiic ro ban vi diiu KSt qua xir li thflng ke da phan anh tinh hieu qua ro ret cua cac boat dgng thyc nghiem dugc tfl churc 2.2.6 Nhdn thirc vi mdt so li thuyit huang nghiep (xem bdng 6) Bang Nhdn thirc cug GVBM vd SVve mdt sd li thuyet huang nghiep hogt ddng huang nghiep cho HS THPT STT Nfii dung Quy trinh huong nghiep Li thuyet cay nghe nghiep Mfl hinh lap ke hoach nghe Li thuyet he thflng Li thuyet ngau nhien co ke hoach Li thuyet vi tri diiu khiin Mfl hinh chia khoa xay dyng ke hoach nghi nghiep Tan so Nhom thu-c Nhom doi chiing nghiem GVBM SV GVBM SV 50 68 24 21 65 45 21 22 26 43 I Sig SV GVBM -1,27 -4,56 0,03 0,06 -3,1 0,09 -0,3: -5,3i 27 39 -0,76 -0,4 31 36 -1,34 -IJl 36 45 -3,21 ^ Kit qua thflng ke a bang vi nhan thirc cua GVBM va SV vi mgt sfl li thuyjt hudng nghiep boat dgng huong nghiep cho HS THPT cho thiy, sau thoi gian thyc nghi$m, nhan thire ciia ea GVBM lin SV diu co sy chuyin biin kha tich cue Truac tien, tan sfl lya ehgn nhom thye nghiem chiim ti le cao hon rit nhiiu so vS lua chgn cua nhom dfii chiing Ben canh do, kit qua so sanh a nhom thye nghiSm va dfli ehung vi Ii thuyit dua khao sat diu co sy khac biet y nghia thong ke (trir li thuyit he thflng o nhom GVBM co Sig.= 0,06 > 0,05) Trong li thuyit vi huong nghiep, voi GVBM nhom thyc nghiem, xip theo mile tCi cao xufing thip la quy ttint huomg nghiep, li thuyet cay huong nghiep, mfi hinh ehia khoa xay dyng ki hoach nghi ue TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyen Thi Minh Hong va tgk nghiep, Ii thuyit vi tri diiu khiin, Ii thuyit ngiu nhien co ki hoach, Ii thuyit he thfing, mfl hinh lap ki hoach nghi Con o SV lin lugt la: quy trinh huong nghiep, li thuyit cay huomg nghiep, mo hinh chia khoa xay dyng ki hoach nghi nghiep, Ii thuyit nglu nhien CO kfi hoach, Ii thuyet vi tr! diiu khiin, mfl hinh chia khoa xay dung ki hoach nghi nghiep, li thuyit he thing, mfi hinh lap ki ho^ch nghi Nhu vay, tit ca Ii thuyit ve huang n^iep duge quan tam, GVBM va SV nhflm thuc nghiem co su hiiu biit nhieu nhit ve quy trinh hucmg nghigp, li thuyit cay hucmg nghiep Diiu kha phii hgp, vi mgt mjt day la hai li thuyit quan trgng nhit cua huang nghiep, dflng thai ciing la hai ngi dung dugc giang vien tap huin nhiiu nhit cac li thuyit vi huong nghiep or mfi hinh thyc nghiem 2.2.7 Nhdn thirc cda dgi ngd GVBM a trucmg THPTvi tu vdn hudng nghiep 2.2.7.1 Nhdn thirc cua GVBMve cdc budc tu vdn huang nghiep Viee dinh huomg nghi nghiep eho HS phfi thfing dugc xem la bucre khcri diu quan trgng qua trinh dao tao va phat triin ngufin nhan lyc Cac buoc cua qua trinh tu van huong nghiep cin dugc dam bao thyc hifin dung quy trinh Chinh vi vay, doi hfii a nhtmg nguoi lam cflng tac huomg nghiep, dac biet la dgi ngii GVBM o- cac truong THPT phai nhan thiic dugc eac budc tu vin huomg nghiep cho HS di dam bao hieu qua thyc hien tflt nhit Khi tim hiiu ve nhan thirc cua GVBM va SV vi eae buac huong nghiep cho HS THPT sau thai gian thyc nghiem, kit qua thu dugc nhu a bang sau day: Bdng Nhdn thii-c cua GVBM vd SV ve cdc budc tu vdn hudng nghiep hoat ddng hudng nghiep cho HS THPT )TT Ndi dung Giiip HS nhan thiic ban than xay dyng ke hoach nghe nghiep Tim hieu nghe nghiep Giiip HS nhan thiic ban than Tim hieu nghe nghiep - Xay dung ke hoach nghe nghiep Xay dung ki hoach nghe nghiep Tim hieu nghe nghiep - Giiip HS nhan thirc ban than Xay dyng ke hoach nghe nghifp - Giiip HS nhan thiic Tan sfi Nhom thu-c Nhom doi nghiem chiing GVBM SV GVBM SV Sig GVBM SV I 15 21 0,08 0,1 50 70 14 II 0,02 0,046 13 1,2 3,1 0 10 1,2 4,76 117 So 4(82) nam 2016 Ty li§u tham khao Tim hieu nghe ban than nghiep Tim hiiu nghi nghiep - Giup HS nhan thilc ban than - Xay dyng ki hoach nghi nghiep Tim hieu nghe nghiep - Xay dyng ki hoach nghi nghiep Giup HS nhan thue ban than 1,23 12 0,0) 0,35 Kit qua so sanh vi nhan thiic ciia GVBM va SV giiia hai nhom dfii chung vath(B nghifim co su khac biet y nghla thfing ke budc diing "Giup HS nhan thuc ban than Tim hiiu nghi nghiep - xay dyng ki hoach nghi nghiep" (GVBM co gia tri Sig.= 0,02 < 0,05 va SV CO Sig.= 0,046 < 0,05) Xem xet dya vao tin sfl lya chgn cho thiy ca GVBM va SV nhom thuc nghiem co tin sfl lya chgn tap trung a ngi dung rat cao Day cung chinh la nfli dung phan anh chinh xae cac buoc cua qua trinh tu vin hucmg nghiep Ro rang sau thyc nghiem, nhan thuc cila GVBM va SV co su cai thien dang ke Kit qua cho phep khing dinh ring cac bien phap thuc nghiem da th^t sy mang lai hieu qua nhan thirc cua nhflm thuc nghiem 2.2.7.1 Nhdn thirc vi yiu td qugn trgng nhdt a bdn thdn HS tu vdn hudng nghifp chaHS Thye ti cho thiy mgt quyit djnh ehgn nghe diing din phai xuit phat tii nang luc, so thieh, tinh each ciia HS cflng vol nhung thong tin vi nghi nhu yeu ciu nghe nghiep, nhu ciu xa hgi Di lam dugc diiu thi HS phai hiiu ro ve ban than minh, xac djnh dung kha nang va so thich that sy cua minh Thflng thucmg thi HS ty lam dieu nhung niu cfi sy ho trg tii phia GVBM thi se giiip ieh cho cac em rat nhieu Viec nh^ thiic dugc yiu tfl quan trgng nhit a ban than HS tu vin hucmg nghiep dong vai trd rit cin thiit Thi nhung khflng phai GVBM nao eung nhan thiic ro yeu tfl Chiing tfli tien hanh thyc nghiem va ket qua thu dugc nhu o bang sau day: Bangs Nhdn thicc cita GVBMvd SV vi yiu Id quan trgng nhdt d bdn thanHS tu vdn hudng nghiep STT Yeu to SOT thich Nang lyc Tinh each Gia tri nghe 118 Tan so Nhom thy-c nghiSm Nhom doi chung GVBM SV GVBM SV 24 38 49 70 15 16 10 18 GVBM SV 0,23 4,56 -0,23 -0,34 0,91 2,45 2,94 1,49 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyin Thi Minh Hdng va tgk So lieu thflng ke o bang vi nhto thiic cua hai nhom dfli chimg va thuc nghiem ve yeu tfi quan trgng nhit a ban than HS tu vin huong nghifip cho thiy nhom dfli chiing tan sfi lya ehgn dan trai cr ca bin yiu tfl va tap trung chu yiu fl "so thich" fl nhom thyc nghiem, tin sfi lua chgn tap trung chii yiu a yiu tfi "nang lyc" (GVBM co 49/52 lya chgn chiim 94,2% va SV eg 70/76 lya chpn chiim 92,1%) Ro rang "sa thieh" va "nang lyc" la hai yiu tfi vfl cung quan trgng huong nghiep cho HS Nhung phai lya chgn mflt hai thi yiu tfl quan h-gng nhit phai la nang lyc Kit qua thfing ke co su khac biet y nghia vi yiu tfl nang lue ca nhom khdch thi GVBM lin SV (GVBM eo gia tti Sig.= -0,23 < 0,05 va SV co Sig.= -0,34 < 0,05) phin nao cho thay sy diing dan vi mat nhan thiie cua nhom thyc nghiem 2.2.8 Quan niem ve y kien: "Dgy - hoc cdc mdn vdn hda Id mgt nhCrng duang hudng nghiep cho HS " (xem bdng 9) Ket qua thfing ke a bang vi quan niem cua nhom dfii chiing vi y kiin: "Day hgc cac mfln van boa la mgt nhiing dufing huong nghiep cho HS" cho thiy tin sfl GVBM va SV nhom dfli chiing "phan van" chiim ti le kha cao (gin 1/2 sfi khacb thfi), nhom thyc nghiem thi "phan van" co tin sfl lya chgn rit thip (GVBM la 3/52 va SV la 8/76) Co le chinh vi vay ma co sy khac biet y nghia thflng kfi a miie "phan van" (GVBM co gia ttj Sig.= 0,042 < 0,05 va SV co Sig.= 0,023 < 0,05) Ket qua thfing ke eon cho thiy nhom thyc nghiem lya ehgn miic "dflng y" va "rit dflng y" vol quan niem tren chiim tin sfi kha cao Bdng Quan niem ciia GVBMvd SVviy kiin: "Dgy - hoc cdc mdn vdn hda id mot nhirng dudng hudng nghiep cho HS" STT Mlic Hoan toan khfing dflng y Khflng dfing y Phan van Dfing y Rat dflng y Tan so Nhom Nhom thu-c nghiem doi chiing GVBM SV GVBM SV 0 0 11 24 35 34 38 23 25 15 30 I Sig GVBM 5,67 4,67 0,042 0,05 0,09 SV 1,24 0,76 0,023 0,85 -0,47 Ro rang dugc tac dflng bfifi viec tfl chiic chuyen de bfli duang kiin thilc huong nghiep vi giao dye huomg nghiep eho dpi ngu GVBM a truong THPT va ehuyen di tich hgp cac nfli dung hucmg nghiep vao mgt sfl mfln hgc cho dfli ngu GVBM a trucmg THPT thi ket qua nghien cim efl sy khac biet dang ghi nhan Ket qua so sanh giu-a hai nhom dfli chiing va thyc nghifim cho thiy co sy khac bifit y nghia fl nhom khacb thi GVBM CO sy khac biet y nghla a mire "dflng y" vdi Sig.= 0,05 va nhom khaeh thi SV CO sy khae biet y nghia miic "rit dflng y" voi Sig.= -0,47 < 0,05 119 Tu' lieu tham khao Sd 4(82) nSm 2016 2.2.9 Ddnh gid chung ve NLHN thdng qua mat nhdn thicc (xem bdng 10) Bing 10 Ddnh gid chung vi NLHN thdng qua mat nhdn thirc ciia GVBMvd SV sau thirc nghidm Tan so STT Mirc I Rat cao Cao Trung binh Thap Rat thap Nhom thu-c nghifim SV GVBM 15 29 I 12 35 25 Nhfim d6i chiing GVBM SV 29 15 I 38 34 Sig GVBM -0,23 0,043 -1,25 1,65 1,32 SV 0,012 0,265 0,34 0,024 1,32 Sfi Hfiu thflng ke tim dygcfifnhom dfli chiing danh gia chung v i NLHN thong qua mat nhan thuc cua GVBM va SV co sy dan ttai a t i t ea cae miic dg Trong do, ca GVBM va SV d i u tap trung a hai mirc "trung binh" va thip" K i t qua t h i n g ke o nhom thye nghifim co su khac biet nhat dinh Cy thi: Danh gia chung v i NLHN thfing qua mat n h p i thiic ciia GVBM a muc "cao" la chii y i u (29/52 chiim 55,8%), k i d i n la mure "rit eao" (15/52 chiim 28,8%) va mic "trung binh" chiim t i n sfl kha thip (7/52 chiim 13,5%) K i t qua thflng ke cung tao sy khae biet a ba miic "rit cao" (Sig.= -0,23 < 0,05), "cao" (Sig.= 0,043 < 0,05) va "trung bmh" (Sig.= -1,25 < 0,05) cr mile y nghia 0,05 so vo'i nhom dfii chiing Cfi sy danh gia kha tuong dfing vdi nhom khacb t h i thyc nghiem la GVBM, nhom SV thye nghiem cung co t i n sfl tap trung chii y i u miic cao (35/76 chiim 46,1%) Ket qua so sanh cua SV giu-a hai nhom dfli chimg va thuc nghiem cho thiy sii khac biet y nghia thfing ke a hai mue "rit cao" (Sig.= 0,012 < 0,05) va "thip" (Sig.= 0,024 < 0,05) Ket luan Nhu vay, ket qua so sanh giira hai nhom dfli chirng va thue nghiem v i mat nhan thiic CO su khac bifit dang k i Sau thyc nghiem, nhan thurc cua GVBM va SV vi miic dg can thiet, mye tieu, mflt sfl khai nifim lien quan, m0t sfl li thuyit huong nghifip, cac buac ciia ho?t dgng tu vin huong nghiep hay nhiem vu cua ban than boat dong huong nghifip cho HS eo nhihig chuyin biin ro net va theo huong tich cue Kit qua cho phep kfit luan ring cac bien phap thue nghiSm tae dgng d i n nhan thiic ciia GVBM va SV ma de tii d i xuit la eo hi$u qua va lin nQa khing dinh tinh gia trj ciia cac bien phap TAP CHi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Nguyin Thj Minh Hing vd tgk TAI \A%V THAM KHAO Pham Tat Dong (chi bifin) (2012), Tu vdn hudng nghiep cho hgc sinh trung hoc ca sd, Nxb Giao dye Viet Nam Mai Nggc Lufing (2006), Thirc trgng cdng tdc tu vdn hudng nghiep cho hgc sinh tnrdng phi thdng bdc trung hgc d Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, So Khoa hgc va Cflng nghfi TPHCM ' Tran Thi Thu Mai (2010), "Ho^t dgng cua phflng tu vin tam U - giag dye - huang nghi$p fi truong phfl thflng", Tgp chi khog hgc Tnrdng Bai hoc Supham TPHCM, 1/2010 Dao Thi Oanh (2004), "Nghien cim xu huong nghi nghiep ciia hgc sinh trung hge", Tgp chi Tdm li hgc, sfi 7, tt.21-27 Huynh Van San (2010), Mdt sd bien phdp ndng cao hieu qud cdng tdc hudng nghiep cho hgc sinh cudi cdp Trung hgc ca sa vd hgc sinh trung hgc phd thdng tinh Binh Duang gigi dogn 2010 - 2015, Di tai Khoa hgc Cfing nghfi tinh Binh Duong C P Rao (1998), Globalization, Privatization and Free Market Economy, Westport, CT: Quorum Books David G.Myers (2001), Psychology, Ford Edition, Woth Publisher Janice M.Gueriero (1998), Robert Glenn, Key questions in Career Counseling, Lawrence Eribaum Association, Inc John W.Syanttock (2006), Psycholggy, Sixth Editiong, MC Graw Hill (Ngiy Tda soan nh$n duac bii: 21-01-2016: ngiy phin bi$n danti gii: 29-02-2016: ngiychSp nh$n dSng: 20-4-2016) ... qua mat nhan thuc cua GVBM va SV co sy dan ttai a t i t ea cae miic dg Trong do, ca GVBM va SV d i u tap trung a hai mirc "trung binh" va thip" K i t qua t h i n g ke o nhom thye nghifim co su... hgc sinh trung hge", Tgp chi Tdm li hgc, sfi 7, tt.21-27 Huynh Van San (2010), Mdt sd bien phdp ndng cao hieu qud cdng tdc hudng nghiep cho hgc sinh cudi cdp Trung hgc ca sa vd hgc sinh trung hgc... nghiep, nhu ciu xa hgi Di lam dugc diiu thi HS phai hiiu ro ve ban than minh, xac djnh dung kha nang va so thich that sy cua minh Thflng thucmg thi HS ty lam dieu nhung niu cfi sy ho trg tii phia