HirONG DAN HOC SINH KHAI THAC KIEN THITC 1RDNG SACH GIAO KHOA UGH Sfi fi T R i N G TRUNG HOC PHO THONG TS VO A N H T U Y E T Abstract; Guiding high schoot students to store ttnoivledge from coursebook[.]
HirONG DAN HOC SINH KHAI THAC KIEN THITC 1RDNG SACH GIAO KHOA UGH SfifiTRiNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG TS V O A N H TUYET- Abstract; Guiding high schoot students to store ttnoivledge from coursebook is very necessary in history teaching This method consists of studying of the structure of the coursebooli: storing knoioledge through specific lessons: combining ihe content of textbook with lectures and toklng notes This is one of the advanced methods that help students lo easily and actively get knowledge and prdcttse skills in studying history at high school Keywords: Teaching inlentlon: means of words: medns of visuol dlds Ngdy nhan bdi: 15/03/2016: ngdy siia chda: 21/03/2016, duyft ddng: 24/03/2016 S ach giap khpa t/c/7 st/(SG KLS) ia tai lieu co ban, chinh thd'ng dUdc dung trpng day hpc Lich su(lS) NOI dung SGKLS gom nhilu to; dd, tri thdc LS la chu ye'u, dUdc trinh bay rd rang, hethd'ng thep tdng cap hpc, Idp hpc; kie'n thdc LS dua vap bien span la nhung kien tlidc cfl ban nhatcua khpa hpc LS dupc cac chuyen gia lua ehpn tren cfl sd cSn cd vap mup tieu, nhiem vu day hpc cung nhudac die'm tam li, sunhan thiJrc cua hpc sinh (HS) Hien nay, SGKLS va giap vien (GV) v l n la hai ngudn cung cap kie'n thdc LS chinh cho HS Thdi gian HS phai lam viec vdi sach giao khoa (SGK) ratnhilu, keca otren Idp cung nhukhi dnha Vai tro, y nghia cua SGKLS SGKLS giu vai trd quan trpng trpng day va hpc mdn LS fii dpi vdi viec cung cap kie'n thdc LS, SGKLS giup chp HS rdn luyen cac kTnSng yaphuflng phap hpc tap bp mdn Tuy khdng de cap den phUflng phap day hpc, spng npi dung chudng trinh, cau tap SGK la nhdng goi y quan trpng chp viec lua ehpn phuong phap day hpc Can cdvac nhung cau hci, cac baitpng ketcud'icac chUflng, HS tien hanh nhiem vu dn tap, cung cd', hethd'ng hoa, khai quathoa kien thdc Ngoai ra, S G K L S cdn la tai lieu chua'n de xac dinh tinh chinh xac, dung, sai cua cac ngudn tri thdc tijcac tai lieu khac Lam viec vdi SGKLS, HS cd the tukie'm tra, danh gia kha nang cua minh; dong thdi, rdn luyen rat nhilu kInSng cd ban trcng hpc tap va nghien cdu Vi vay, GV phai giup HS biet each sudung, khai thac hetdudcndidungtruyln tai cua sach, gdp phan hinh cac thap tac, phuong thdc hpc tap dung dSn, khpa hpc Hirdng dan HS khai thac kien thiic SGKLS 2.1 Tim hieu cau tao vaccchesupham cua SG/CtS.Trcng nhdng tiet hpc dau tien, GV can phai thdng bap chp HS biet vj tri, tam quan trpng cua SGKLS, hudng ddn cac em tim hie'u sflludc cau tap, ndi dung cua SGKLS De'djnh hudng nhan thdc chp HS va cung la gidi thieu chudng trinh, GV yeu cau HSmdphan Phu iuc xem sach cd bao nhieu ChUflng, bao nhieu bai; HS phai dpc k l v a hieu rd ten tdng chUflng ,tungbai,bdiflddbaohamnhdngnpidung Cfl ban nha't ma cac em se phai hpc Can luu y tinh Ipgic, hethd'ng cua cac noidung kie'n thdc Vidu.gidithieu phan M u c t e S G K LS12 (Ban cd ban), GV hudng d i n HS dpc Phan mot- LS thegidi hien daitdnam 1945 den nam 2000va Phan hai • LS VietNam Id nam 1919 den nam 2000 Sau dd, dpc den ten cac chuong, cac bai tung Phan Cung vdi hudng d i n HS each dpc, GV yeu cau HS tu khai quatva sap xep nhung ndi dung kiln thuc cua tdng Phan mptcach ngSn gpn nha't theo trinh tuthdigian, thep y hieu cua ban than Ketthuc quatrinh dpc nay, Phan LS the gic( hien dai HS bilt dupc ndi dung chinh la: Suhinh mpt trattu the gicri mdi sau Chie'n tranh the gidi thu hai; Lien Xd va cac nudc Ddng Au, Lien bang Nga (1991 -2000); cac nudc phu thupc, thupc dia d A, Phi, IVIT Latinh; Ba thing tam kinh te, tai chinh MT, Tay Au, Nhat Ban; Quan he qudc te (1945-2000); Cach mang khoa hpc - cdng * Tniang Tning hoc tliong chuyen Ngoai ngit - Tnrong fiai hoc Ngoai Dglt - Dai hoc Qooc gia Ha Noi Tap chi Giae due so 381 (kil-512016) 41 nghe Phan LS Viet Nam bap gdm: Phpng trap yeu nudc td sau Chie'n tranh the gidi thd nhat den Dang Cpng san Viet Nam ddi (1919-1930); Cupc khang chie'n chp'ng Phap va chd'ng MT cua dan tpc Viet Nam (1930-1975); Cdng cupc xay dijng chu nghTaxahpivaquatrinhdd'imdidnudcta.Cach khai quat va sdp xep thep ipgic kie'n thdc nhu vay cd tac dung giup HS nhdnhanh, nhdiau cac ndi dung chinh cdacanamhpc bat dau ti> dpc ten bai, de'n de m uc, tieu m uc, cac cau hci cud'i bai, cud'i muc Cdng dpan thudng hay bj lang quen vi HS khdng nhan thdc dupc day chinli la phan khai quat ngi dung cd ban nhatcua ba,ciia muc Gid'ng nhu dpc phan Muc luc, HS cung dn nam bStnhanh ndi dung thdng bap vatinh togiccla kien thuc qua ten bai, ten muc Ben canh dd,cac cau hci cud'i bai, cud'i muc la nhdng gpi y quan Irong chp qua trinh tim ranhdngychinh GVcan hudng d i n HShieudupc CO chesu pham cua SGKLS thdng qua viec'^i^hieu phan kenh chu, kenh hinh sach, Kenh chdcd hai ioai chinh: -Chuin hoa (viettp danh cho ten cac phan, chudng, baivamuc idn cda bai);-ChOnho(vietthudng danh che ten cac tieu muc, ndi dung, cau hdi cua cac bai cu the) Cd chd to, nhd dan the hien cho muc dp quan trpng cua tung ndi dung kie'n thdc Vi du, day hcc Bai 20 "Cugc khang chieii toanqudcchdrigthijcdanPhapketthuc(1954-19S5j' (LSI 2, Ban CO ban), dpc ten bai "Khangchish tiing lal'HS cd nhung thdng tin dau tien v l thdi gian »a ketqua cua quatrinh da'u tranh chdng thiJc dan Phap xam iuoc cua nhan dan ta Cdn dpc PhantKe hoach Na Va va chien luge cua ta BongXm f953-/954, HS thay dupc thdngtinvl hai npi dung cd ban can nghien cdu la am muu mdicija kedjch Kenh hinli dupc trinh bay dudi dang tranh anh va chu truflng cua ta trcng Ddng-Xuan 1953-1954 Trong LS12 (Ban co ban), d dau Phan mdt{LS the gidi) va Phan hai{lS Viet Nam)^cc hai "bang anh" Tren c d s p d d dpc phan ghi tilt de'tim moiquan he "Bang anh"fltrang gom anh: -Anh 1, chup nguyen gida hai ndi dung HS can dpc kTphIn chitietde thu cac nudc Anh, MT, Lien Xd tai Hpi nghi lanta tim hie'u npi dung cu the Khi dpc can iuu ynhlTng (2/1945); -Anh 2, chup nhadu hanh vii tru Gagarin; thuat ngd, khai niem khd; tim nhdng tdkhoa.y - Anh 3, chup cac nha lanh dao 10 nudc ASEAN tai khda hudng vao viec iam sang to de muc haytrakirt Hpi nghjcap cac (11/1999).'Bang anh''trang75,cd cac cau holed otrong bai, sau dd khai quat lai ttieoy anh: - Phpng trao Xd viet NgheTTnh; - Bac He dpc hie'u N l u gap cac sc lieu, hay tranh, anh, HS phai Tuyen ngpn ddc lap tai Quang trudng Ba Dinh; - Xe hinh dung va nSm duoc y nghia bang each lien luong, tang tie'n vap Dinh Dpc lap 30/4/1976; -Dai hpi dc'i chilu, sp sanh vdi nhdng sp lidu cung bai ffoi dai bie'u lean qup'c lan thd Vi (12/1986) Cac tranh tupng da biet, cpi dd nhu la Cfl Sfl de ghi nhdsukien anh d ca trang duoc sap xep td tren xud'ng dudi LS Neu bai dpc cd kem thep ban dp LS, thi HS thep thdtu thdi gian nhSm gidi thieu cac su kien tieu nghien cdu, tap thep dpi d i l n bien LS tren ban bieu thudc nhung npi dung kien thuc cfl ban nhat cho (cd the'tutudng thuat lai d i l n bien) hai phan LS the gidi va LS Viet Nam ma HS se hpc Hau h i t cac bai trpng SGK deu co cac doan in trpng chupng trinh Idp 12, Kenh hinh dupc dua vap chdkhd'nho Xen ke vao cac muc, nguon thong#' bai hpc ducri dang tranh, anh v l cac nhan vat LS; cac cp tac dung cu the' hpa, lam phPng phu hiJn, sukien kinh te, chinh tri; cac iUdc dp, ban dp LS Phu sau hdn ndi dung nhung su kien chinh bai, thupc vao noidung truyen tai cua tdng phan hay tdng Vi nhu, hpc muc //.; Phong trao each man} bai ma kenh hinh dupc dua vao nhu mdt thdng tin 1930-1931, {Bai 14, LS12, Ban cfl ban), doan in ngSn gpn nhat Tpn tai trpng SGKLS, kenh hinh la chd nhfl trang 92, 93 minh hpa SP iupng ngi/S ngupn cung cap thdng tin LS can thilt lam die'm tua tham gia da'u tranh, kha'u hieu da'u tranh, cac loai ghi nhd kien thdc cho HS thay cho phan kenh chfl vu khi, c d d d b u a liem cd tac dung lam roquymo nhieu ddng, nhilu trang Vi vay, gidi thieu va hudng rpng idn, hinh thdp, tinh chat quylt liet cua cuoc din HS khai thac ndi dung kien thdc an chda da'u tranh d huyen Hung Nguyen (Nghe An)tie» kenh hinh la budc khdng the thilu duoc traog day bie'u chp PhpngtrapXdvietNghe-TTnh ndi chung, hpc LS Viec dpc, phan tich cac tu lieu cd IhS'cci la nhiem J Khai thac kien thuc h-ong mgt bai hgc LS cu the Qua trinh tim hieu mpt bai hpc LS dupc vu b i t budc de ren luyen cac thac tac tu duy,!!!!!!! kTnSng hpc tap chp HS 421 Tap chi Giao due so 381 (kil-512016) 23 Kethijp sudung SGKLS vai nghe giang HS chua nhan thdc hittam quantrpng cua SGK, Wg/i/c/iep.SiJdung SGKLS gidhpc npi khda tten idp can duoc tie'n hanh nhjp nhang, Sn y gida nghe'giang vdi thep dpi sach va ghi chep;gidaHSvdi GV.De viec ket hpp diln dung hudng, HS can khpanh viing kiln thdc, dpc nhanh vung kiln thuc dd, tim nhdng y d i j de' ndu ien ban chat hoac iam rd van d l dang theo ddi ChSng han,ddi vdi SaZ/a/Vi/dc/Wr giua hai cugc chien tranh thd'gkii(1918-1939){LS'\ 1, Ban co ban), GV de cap de'n cupc khung hpang kinhte1929-1933,HSkhPanh vung kiln th UP taimuc 11.1 Cugc khung hoang kinh te(1929-1933) a Ml Sau dd nhin nhanh (khpang 30 giay) vao cac sdlieu cda phan chfl in nhd va Hinh 35 Bieu vetiiS that nghiep dMi(1920-1946) Ket hag vdi idi bai giang cua GV, viec thep del SGKLS da giup HS cc nhCmg minh chdng cu the, day sdc thuyet phuc du delam rd hau quanghiem trpng macupc khung hoang dadua iai cho nudc MT T u dd, nang cao tinh tich cue, chu ddng tim kiem va nam b i t kien thdc trpng qua trinh thep dpi bai hpc cua HS SGKLS la tai lieu hpc tap quan trpng, bSt budc ddi vdi HS day hpc LS Tuy nhien, viec sii dung sach cdn nhilu han che, nguyen nhan c h u y l u chua biet each hpc, each khai thac kien thdc sach Phuang phap day hpc hien dai de cao vj tri ngudi hpc (vi tri trang tam); vi vay, hudng dSn HS each khaithac SGKLS la mdt trcng nhflng giaiphap tich cue hca HS, giup HS chu ddng, tugiac ITnh hpi tri thdc, ren luyen cac kT nang hpc tap bp mdn GV can hudng dan HS khai thac SG KLS ca trcng qua trinh hpc tap dtren Idp va d nha Moi qua trinh edtac dung ren luyen nhdng kTnang rieng, nhu: ddc lap nghien cdu sach; phd'i hop vdi ban lam viec nhdm; k i t hpp vdi nghe giang Hudng dan HS each khai thac SGKLS la bien phap tich cue giup HS cd each hpc khoa hpc, each nSm b i t kiln thdc LS nhanh nha't va vdng chac nha't G Tai li^u tham lihao III Phan Ngoc Lien (chii bien) (2007) Lich sii 11 NXB Giao due 121 Phan Ngoc Lien (chu bien) (2008) Ljch si 12 NXB Giao due [3] Phan Ngoc Lien (chu bien) (2002) Phuong phdp day hoc Lich sii, (t^p I, II) NXB Dai hoc Supham [41 Robertl.Marzano - DebraJ.Pikenng - JancE.Pollock (2011) Cac phuong phdp day hoc hiiu qud (Nguyen Hdng van dich) NXB Giao due Viet Nam THONG BAO Tap chf Giao due trSn thong bao toi ban doc tr^n toan quoc v e dia chi email lien lac cua cac Ban nhu sau: - Ban Bign t&p: banbientap@nioet.edu.vn - Ban Thu ki toa soan: banthuki@moet.edu.vn - Ban Tri su: bantrisu@moet.edu.vn TAP CHI GIAO DUC (kil-512016) Tap chi Gide due so 381 43 ... dpc can iuu ynhlTng (2/1945); -Anh 2, chup nhadu hanh vii tru Gagarin; thuat ngd, khai niem khd; tim nhdng tdkhoa.y - Anh 3, chup cac nha lanh dao 10 nudc ASEAN tai khda hudng vao viec iam sang... sang to de muc haytrakirt Hpi nghjcap cac (11/1999).''Bang anh''''trang75,cd cac cau holed otrong bai, sau dd khai quat lai ttieoy anh: - Phpng trao Xd viet NgheTTnh; - Bac He dpc hie''u N l u gap cac... u y l u chua biet each hpc, each khai thac kien thdc sach Phuang phap day hpc hien dai de cao vj tri ngudi hpc (vi tri trang tam); vi vay, hudng dSn HS each khaithac SGKLS la mdt trcng nhflng